高中英语语法定语从句总结全

合集下载

高中英语 重点语法:定语从句的全面剖析

高中英语 重点语法:定语从句的全面剖析

高中英语重点语法:定语从句的全面剖析定语从句是高中英语第一大语法内容,必须清晰掌握。

只要用心看,希望能帮你透彻掌握定语从句!01定语从句基本概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

02定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as等。

关系副词包括where, when, why等。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

03定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。

例如:Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

例如:The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。

04关系代词的用法1. thatthat既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。

在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。

例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

(that作宾语)2. whichwhich 用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。

例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

高中英语语法:定语从句精华知识点复习

高中英语语法:定语从句精华知识点复习

定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。

一、关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种(一)关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that,as等。

它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money?借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词the man)He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。

(定语从句修饰先行词he)The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。

(定语从句修饰先行词the chairman)2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语。

在口语或非正式文体中,whom可省略或可用who来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。

There are some people (whom/who)we like and others (whom/who) we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。

(定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others)The people whom I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。

(定语从句修饰先行词the people,介词后)Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。

定语从句英语总结

定语从句英语总结

1.高中英语名词性从句和定语从句的语法总结(详细一点)2.定语从句谁能总结一下知识点定语从句:人物1.主语 who/that which/that2.宾语 who/whom/that/省略which/that/省略3.定语 whose the n.of which/whose4.表语 that that5.状语不能用which只能用that:1.先行词本身是不定代词all/everything/anything/nothing/much/few/little/none/the one2.先行词被一些词修饰(序数词,最高级)only/few/any/little/no/all/every/very3.先行词中既有物又有人4.who/which/that开头只能用which不能用that1.在非限定从句,先行词是物2.先行词本身是that3.当关系词前面有介词只能用who不能用that1.先行词是one/ones/anyone/those/I/you/he/they2.先行词是人,后面有较长的修饰词3.there be开头4.在非限定从句,先行词是人5.在介词前置时只能用whomone of n.(复数)+定语从句定语从句中谓语用复数the only one of n.(复数)+定语从句定语从句中谓语用第三人称单数区分定语从句和强调句:把it is…that去掉,若句子完整是强调句eg:it is the Suez Canal that separates Asia from Africa.It is/was +被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分若先行词是situation之类的抽象名词,用inwhich/where先行词是the way 做方式状语,用 in which/that/省略the same …as 表示同一类事物the same …that 表示同一件物品eg:this is the same bike as I lost.This is the same bike that I lost,so I take it home.He has four daughters,none of whom is a pianist as he is.He has four daughters.None of them is a pianist as he is.Hehas four daughters,and none of them is a pianist as he is.。

高中英语的定语从句归纳与总结

高中英语的定语从句归纳与总结

定语从句概念:定语从句,一个简单句跟在一个名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。

在主句中充当定语成分。

被修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。

定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

结构:先行词+关系词+从句关系词:关系词的类型:关系代词:who,whom,which,that,在从句中可作主语或宾语,whose,在从句中作定语关系副词:why,where,when,其中why=for which,where=in/at/on which,when=during/on/in which,在从句中做状语关系词的作用:1.连接作用,连接主句和定语从句2.指代前面的先行词3.在定语从句中担任成分关系词的选择:1.看先行词(被定语从句修饰的词)先行词是“物”可能用which,that,whose,where,when,why等,先行词是“人”可能用who,whom,that,whose等2.看关系词在定语从句中所担任的句子成分①先行词是人且关系词在从句中作主语,用who/that②先行词是人且关系词在从句中作宾语,用whom/that③先行词是物且关系词在定语从句中作主语,用that,which.④先行词是物且关系词在从句中作宾语,用that,which,也可以省略记住:关系代词作宾语或表语是可以省略的,作主语是不能省略的,因为主语后直接是动词,省略的话就出现先行词直接接从句动词的语法错误。

举例:Is there anything that you want to say? 中的that就可以省略。

而He is theheadmaster of this school who also teaches Chemistry. 中的who就不能省略。

⑤先行词是“人”或“物”,关系词在从句中作定语表所属关系,用whose引导定语从句.注意:表示所属关系不仅仅是人,这个就叫做所属关系,因此所属关系除了whose以外就有两个,对人是of whom,对物是of which.⑥先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,则用关系副词引导定语从句。

高中英语语法定语从句总结

高中英语语法定语从句总结

定语从句总结先行词为人时:关系代词从句中缺主语时,who;that;不能省略从句缺宾语,who; that ;whom,可省略;(介词后只能跟whom)从句缺定语指代’s ,whose先行词为物时:关系代词从句缺主语时,which;that;不能省略从句缺宾语时,which;that;可省略;(介词后只能跟which)从句缺定语指代’s,whose先行词为时间:从句缺时间状语时,关系副词when(也可prep+which)从句缺主语宾语时,which;that先行词为地点:从句缺地点状语时,关系副词where(也可prep+which)从句缺主语宾语时,which;that先行词为reason:从句缺缘由状语时,why / for which从句缺主语宾语时,which;that非限制性定语从句(带,的定语从句)1.As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.2.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.(which 指代前面这个事)3. He keeps a diary, which everybody knows.(which 指代know的宾语)(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,which不行。

(2)as常带有“正如”的意思As we know , smoking is harmful to one's health. As is know n, smoking is harmful to one's health. It is known that smoking is harmful. (主语从句) (3)the same… as;such…as 中的as 是固定结构,I have got into the same trouble as he (has).特殊说明:1常考名词的定语从句:case,point,stage,situation;定语从句中主语宾语齐全用where;定语从句中缺主语宾语用which或that2 way做先行词,定语从句中的关系词用that; in which;不填3 用逗号隔开,起补充说明作用的非限制限制性定语从句,无论先行词是什么,都不用that4 众所周知:As is known(to all),…It is known (to all)that5 正如As was reported, (It was reported that)As was announced,As was expected,As we planned,As can be seen,只能用that, 不能用which引导定语从句的状况a)不定代词,如:anything,nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时Finally, the thief handed everythingthat he had stolen to the police.b) the only, the very, the just修饰先行词时He is the very man that helped thegirl out of the water.c)先行词为序数词(the first, the last)数词、形容词最高级时The first English book that heHad read was "Gone with the wind"d)先行词既有人,又有物时He talked about the teachers andschools that he visited.e)关系代词在从句中做表语He is not the man that he used to be.。

英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结

英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结

英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。

在高中英语学习中,掌握定语从句的使用方法和规则对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力非常关键。

本文将对高中英语定语从句的知识点进行归纳总结。

一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,用来给出更多的信息,进一步描述或限定该名词或代词的特定内容。

定语从句可以用来修饰人、事、物、地点等。

它在句子中的作用是为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更具体、更有表达力。

二、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词:定语从句中常用的关系代词有:- 人:who,whom,whose- 物:which,that,whose- 人或物:as,where,when2.关系副词:定语从句中常用的关系副词有:- 地点:where- 时间:when- 原因:why三、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/副词 + 主句。

其中,关系代词或副词在定语从句中担任主语、宾语、表语或定语的作用。

四、定语从句的几个常见类型1.限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行进一步的限定,它的信息是先行词不可或缺的一部分。

限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词that,也可使用which或who。

例子:The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。

2.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行附加说明,它的信息只是对先行词的附加补充,可以省略而不影响句子的整体意思。

非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词which,也可使用who。

例子:The weather, which was sunny and warm, made our picnic very enjoyable.天气晴朗温暖,使得我们的野餐非常愉快。

高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解

高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解

定语从句一定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who,whom,whose, as等;关系副词有when,where,why等The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键.二关系代词引导的定语从句1。

who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way。

昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics。

那就是教我们物理的老师。

2。

whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。

Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。

李明正是我想要见的男孩。

The professor (whom)you are waiting for has come。

你正在等的教授已经来了。

The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor。

老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。

3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys。

足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

高中英语语法专题:定语从句

高中英语语法专题:定语从句

高中英语语法专题:定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。

b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。

Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。

注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。

c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。

3、but用作关系代词,相当于who/that…not例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。

先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。

(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。

关系词得作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。

常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,The student who answered the question was John、Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。

Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。

(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。

=Ourhometown is notwhat it used to be、)●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。

如:1、Thebook which/thatwas on the deskwasbought bymy father、(主语)2、Thebook(which/that) Ibought yesterdayis veryinteresting、(宾语)●who, whom,whose:who: 主格,在从句中作主语,只可指人whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。

译为:某人得,某物得whose +名词=the +n、+of which(某物得)the+n、+ of whom(某人得)I likethe studentswho/thatwork hard、(主语)The boy(that/who /whom ) we saw yesterdayis Tom、I know thegirl whosefather is a teacher、(whose father=the father of whom)Achild whose parents are dead iscalled an orphan、(指人) (whose parents = the parents ofwhom)I'd like a room whose window faces south、(指物)(whosewindow=thewindow of which)关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用whom;表物用which)关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末、但以放于句首较为正式、(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组得含义。

关系代词who 与that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末、)The man (whom /who/ that) my mother is talking with isMr Black、=The manwithwhom my motheris talkingis MrBlack、Thisis thebook forwhich you asked、=Thisis thebook(that/which) youaskedfor、Do you know the personwith whom Ishook hands?= Doyou know theperson (whom/who/that) Ishookhandswith?The library from which we can borrow books is very big、Thisisthe bookabout which I told youjust now、●as得用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性得,多用于the same …as;the same as(与……相同);such …a s…(如此,这样); asmany/muchas(与……一样多);so/as…as (与……一样)等结构中。

如:※I have the same book as you (have)、我有一本与您得一样得书。

Her attitudeto him wasquite the sameasit hadalways been、(关系代词as与指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语, 先行词就就是same、)、---Why didn't you mention thatinfaceofthe police justnow?---Ithought it wassuch a minor detail as washardly worth mentioning、Wewill only discuss such problems ashave somethingtodo with our own interests、Don'tdo such things as you are not sureabout、There is no such place asyou dream of inall this world、比较:Ilive in the same house that he usedtolive in、I'm wearingthesame shirt asyou wore yesterday、比较:Hereisso big a stone asno one canlift、(定语从句)Here is so big a stone thatno one can lift it、(结果状语从句)②如为非限制性得,as还可以单独引导一个定语从句,代替整个主句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。

(动词常为know,see, expect,pointout,etc、)As weall know,smokingis harmful toone'shealth、(as作宾语)=As is knownto all,smokingis harmful to one'shealth 、(as 作主语)众所周知:As we all know,It’swell-know (to us all)that…=It'sknown toall that smoking isharmful to one'shealth 、=Smokingis harmful to one's health , as we all know 、(as 作宾语)=Smoking, as weallknow,is harmful to one'health、He wasa foreigner,asIknew from hisaccent、(宾语, 先行词就就是前面整个句子)Ⅲ、关系副词(when, where, why)引导得定语从句,它们后面得句子完整,只缺状语,它们都可以等于介词+ which,其中why只等于for which、●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

其先行词就就是表时间得名词(如:time, day, week, tear, month, etc、)Hecame lastnight when I wasout、We will putoff the picnic until nextweek, whenthe weatherwould bebetter、注意:先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:I still remember the day when/on which my brother joined the army、(作状语)Istill remember thedays which/that we spent together、(作谓语spent得宾语)Next winter which/thatyou'll spend in Harbin, will be exciting、(宾语)I shall never forgetthe daywhen ShenZhou Ⅴ was laun ched、There areoccasions when joking is not permissible、●Where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词就就是表示地点得名词,如:place, school,factory,room,etc、Thisis the place where I was born、I livein the roomwhere /inwhichheusedto live、注意:先行词就就是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that 引导,which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

相关文档
最新文档