托福TPO18口语Task1题目+满分范文
托福写作tpo18task1范文
托福写作tpo18task1范文TPO18 Task1: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.In my opinion, I disagree with the statement that students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.First off, let's think about how much time students spend with each group. Students are often with their friends outside of class, during breaks, and on weekends. It's like they're glued together. For example, my best friend and I are always chatting about the latest video games, new music, and cool movies. We influence each other's tastes in these thingsjust because we spend so much time together. Teachers, on the other hand, only have students for a few hours a day in the classroom. It's like ashort visit compared to the long hang outs with friends.Secondly, friends are on the same level as students. They understand each other's feelings and problems more easily. When I was struggling witha math problem, my friend was able to say, "Hey, I get it. I felt the same way last week. Let's figure this out together." But a teacher might just explain the solution in a more formal way without really getting how confused and frustrated I was feeling. Friends can share their own experiences of dealing with school stress, relationships, and family issues, and that kind of shared experience has a huge impact on students.Finally, friends often have a more direct and personal influence on things like fashion and attitude. I mean, if all my friends start wearing a certain style of shoes or using a particular slang word, I'm more likely to follow suit. It's not that teachers don't have an influence on our values, but friends' influence is right there in our face all the time.So, all in all, students are more influenced by their friends than by their teachers.。
托福阅读TPO18（试题+答案+...
托福阅读TPO18(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:IndustrializationintheNetherlandsandS为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读TPO18(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia，希望大家喜欢!托福阅读TPO18原文第1篇While some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success.All had small populations. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Denmark and Norway had fewer than 1 million people, while Sweden and the Netherlands had fewer than 2.5 million inhabitants. All exhibited moderate growth rates in the course of the century (Denmark the highest and Sweden the lowest), but all more than doubled in population by 1900. Density varied greatly. The Netherlands had one of the highest population densities in Europe, whereas Norway and Sweden had the lowest Denmark was in between but closer to the Netherlands.Considering human capital as a characteristic of the population, however, all four countries were advantaged by the large percentages of their populations who could read and write. In both 1850 and 1914, the Scandinavian countries had thehighest literacy rates in Europe, or in the world, and the Netherlands was well above the European average. This fact was of enormous value in helping the national economies find their niches in the evolving currents of the international economy.Location was an important factor for all four countries. All had immediate access to the sea, and this had important implications for a significant international resource, fish, as well as for cheap transport, merchant marines, and the shipbuilding industry. Each took advantage of these opportunities in its own way. The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). Denmark also had an admirable commercial history, particularly with respect to traffic through the Sound (the strait separating Denmark and Sweden). In 1857, in return for a payment of 63 million kronor from other commercial nations, Denmark abolished the Sound toll dues the fees it had collected since 1497 for the use of the Sound. This, along with other policy shifts toward free trade, resulted in a significant increase in traffic through the Sound and in the port of Copenhagen.The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth. The nineteenth century passed relatively peacefully for these countries, with progressive democratization taking place in all of them. They were reasonably well governed, without notable corruption or grandiose state projects, although in all of themthe government gave some aid to railways, and in Sweden the state built the main lines. As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited. This meant a great dependence on international commerce, which had notorious fluctuations; but it also meant high returns to those factors of production that were fortunate enough to be well placed in times of prosperity. In Sweden exports accounted for 18 percent of the national income in 1870, and in 1913, 22 percent of a much larger national income. In the early twentieth century, Denmark exported 63 percent of its agricultural production: butter, pork products, and eggs. It exported 80 percent of its butter, almost all to Great Britain, where it accounted for 40 percent of British butter imports.托福阅读TPO18试题第1篇1.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following ideas about England and Germany?A.They were completely industrialized by the start of the nineteenth century.B.They possessed plentiful supplies of coal.C.They were overtaken economically by the Netherlands andScandinavia during the early nineteenth century.D.They succeeded for the same reasons that the Netherlands and Scandinavia did.2.Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about the importance of population density in the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia?A.It was a more important factor than population size.B.It was more influential than the rate of population growth.C.It was more important in the early stages than it was later.D.It was not a significant factor.3.According to paragraphs 2 and 3, which of the following contributed significantly to the successful economic development of the Netherlands and of Scandinavia?A.The relatively small size of their populationsB.The rapid rate at which their populations were growingC.The large amount of capital they had available for investmentD.The high proportion of their citizens who were educated4.According to paragraph 4, because of their location, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries had all of the following advantages when they began to industrialize EXCEPTA.low-cost transportation of goodsB.access to fishC.shipbuilding industriesitary control of the sea5.The word “exceptional” in passage 4 is closest in meaning toA.extraordinaryB.surprisingC.immediateD.predictable6.The word “abolished” in passage 4 is closest in meaning toA.endedB.raisedC.returnedD.lowered7.According to paragraph 5, each of the following contributed positively to the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia EXCEPTA.generally liberal trade policiesB.huge projects undertaken by the stateC.relatively uncorrupt governmentsD.relatively little social or political disruption8.The word “progressive” in passage 5 is closest in meaning toA.rapidB.partialC.increasingD.individual9.The author includes the information that “a protectionist movement developed in Sweden”(in paragraph 5) in order toA.support the claim that the political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growthB.identify an exception to the general trend favoring liberal trade policyC.explain why Sweden industrialized less quickly than the other Scandinavian countries and NetherlandsD.provide evidence that agricultural reforms take place morequickly in countries that have a liberal trade policy than in those that do not10.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in passage 6? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The early industrializes controlled most of the international economy, leaving these countries to stake out new areas of specialization along the margins.B.Aided by their high literacy rates these countries were able to claim key areas of specialization within established international markets.C.High literacy rates enabled these countries to take over international markets and adapt the international division of labor to suit their strengths.D.The international division of labor established by the early industrializers was suited to these countries, a key factor in their success.11.According to paragraph 6, a major problem with depending heavily on international markets was that theycked stabilityB.were not well suited to agricultural productsC.were largely controlled by the early industrializersD.led to slower growth of local industries12.According to paragraph 6, what advantage could a country gain from being heavily involved in international commerce?A.A steadily rising national incomeB.Greater control over market fluctuationsC.High returns when things went wellD.A reduced need for imports13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence be added to passage. Where would the sentence best fit? During this period, Sweden had the highest rate of growth of output per capita of any country in Europe, and Denmark was secondWhile some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. ■【A】 All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. ■【B】However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. ■【C】 In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success. ■【D】14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THERR answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Although the Netherlands and Scandinavia began to industrialize relatively late, they did so very successfullyA.Although these countries all started with small, uneducated populations, industrialization led to significant population growth and higher literacy rates.B.Thanks to their ready access to the sea, these countriesenjoyed advantages in mercantile shipping, fishing, and shipbuilding.C.Because they all started with good harbors for steamships, these countries started with an important advantage in the competition for transit trade.D.These countries were helped by the fact that their governments were relatively stable and honest and generally supported liberal trade policies.E.These countries were successful primarily because their high literacy rates helped them fill specialized market niches.F.Because they were never fully dependent on international commerce, these countries were able to survive notorious fluctuations in international markets.托福阅读TPO18答案第1篇1.注意这道题没有明显关键词，England和Germany是不能用的，因为跟主题相关，所以用排除法。
英语考试作文-18日托福独立写作真题解析
英语考试作文18日托福独立写作真题解析2017年的托福考试已经接近尾声了，不知道大家2017年有没有成功与托福考试分手。
如果你仍然奋战在托福考试的第一线，那么今天为大家整理的2017年11月18日托福考试托福独立口语的题型分析及范文相信对你会很有帮助。
下面就跟一起来看看吧。
写作上周六(11月18日)考的独立写作题又是一道“三选一”的题，本题在16年6月25日的大陆考场曾经考过。
题目如下：The government can take a variety of actions to help protect the environment. Which one of the following do you think is the most important for the nation’s government to take to protect the environment?1. Fund the research to develop environmentally friendly energy sources such as solar and wind energy.2. Preserve the natural places like forests and protect the animals that live there.3. Enforce laws to prevent the pollution of air and water by large companies.中文翻译：政府可以采取各种行动来帮助保护环境。
你认为国家政府采取以下哪一项措施对于保护环境是最重要的?1. 资助研究开发太阳能和风能等对环境无害的能源。
2. 保留像森林这样的自然栖息地, 并保护住在那里的动物。
3. 实施法律, 防止大公司对空气和水的污染。
“三选一”类的题具体可以分为“三留一”类和“三去一”类。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文18--1 Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia
托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO18(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia托福阅读原文While some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success.All had small populations. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Denmark and Norway had fewer than 1 million people, while Sweden and the Netherlands had fewer than 2.5 million inhabitants. All exhibited moderate growth rates in the course of the century (Denmark the highest and Sweden the lowest), but all more than doubled in population by 1900. Density varied greatly. The Netherlands had one of the highest population densities in Europe, whereas Norway and Sweden had the lowest Denmark was in between but closer to the Netherlands.Considering human capital as a characteristic of the population, however, all four countries were advantaged by the large percentages of their populations who could read and write. In both 1850 and 1914, the Scandinavian countries had the highest literacy rates in Europe, or in the world, and the Netherlands was well above the European average. This fact was of enormous value in helping the national economies find their niches in the evolving currents of the international economy.Location was an important factor for all four countries. All had immediate access to the sea, and this had important implications for a significant international resource, fish, as well as for cheap transport, merchant marines, and the shipbuilding industry. Each took advantage of these opportunities in its own way. The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). Denmark also had an admirable commercial history, particularly with respect to traffic through the Sound (the strait separating Denmark and Sweden). In 1857, in return for a payment of 63 million kronor from other commercial nations, Denmark abolished the Sound toll dues the fees it had collected since 1497 for the use of theSound. This, along with other policy shifts toward free trade, resulted in a significant increase in traffic through the Sound and in the port of Copenhagen.The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth. The nineteenth century passed relatively peacefully for these countries, with progressive democratization taking place in all of them. They were reasonably well governed, without notable corruption or grandiose state projects, although in all of them the government gave some aid to railways, and in Sweden the state built the main lines. As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited. This meant a great dependence on international commerce, which had notorious fluctuations; but it also meant high returns to those factors of production that were fortunate enough to bewell placed in times of prosperity. In Sweden exports accounted for 18 percent of the national income in 1870, and in 1913, 22 percent of a much larger national income. In the early twentieth century, Denmark exported 63 percent of its agricultural production: butter, pork products, and eggs. It exported 80 percent of its butter, almost all to Great Britain, where it accounted for 40 percent of British butter imports.托福阅读试题1.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following ideas about England and Germany?A.They were completely industrialized by the start of the nineteenth century.B.They possessed plentiful supplies of coal.C.They were overtaken economically by the Netherlands and Scandinavia during the early nineteenth century.D.They succeeded for the same reasons that the Netherlands and Scandinavia did.2.Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about the importance of population density in the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia?A.It was a more important factor than population size.B.It was more influential than the rate of population growth.C.It was more important in the early stages than it was later.D.It was not a significant factor.3.According to paragraphs 2 and 3, which of the following contributed significantly to the successful economic development of the Netherlands and of Scandinavia?A.The relatively small size of their populationsB.The rapid rate at which their populations were growingC.The large amount of capital they had available for investmentD.The high proportion of their citizens who were educated4.According to paragraph 4, because of their location, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries had all of the following advantages when they began to industrialize EXCEPTA.low-cost transportation of goodsB.access to fishC.shipbuilding industriesitary control of the sea5.The word “exceptional” in passage 4 is closest in meaning toA.extraordinaryB.surprisingC.immediateD.predictable6.The word “abolished” in passage 4 is closest in meaning toA.endedB.raisedC.returnedD.lowered7.According to paragraph 5, each of the following contributed positively to the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia EXCEPTA.generally liberal trade policiesB.huge projects undertaken by the stateC.relatively uncorrupt governmentsD.relatively little social or political disruption8.The word “progressive” in passage 5 is closest in meaning toA.rapidB.partialC.increasingD.individual9.The author includes the information that “a protectionist movement developed in Sweden”(in paragraph 5) in order toA.support the claim that the political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growthB.identify an exception to the general trend favoring liberal trade policyC.explain why Sweden industrialized less quickly than the otherScandinavian countries and NetherlandsD.provide evidence that agricultural reforms take place more quickly in countries that have a liberal trade policy than in those that do not10.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in passage 6? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The early industrializes controlled most of the international economy, leaving these countries to stake out new areas of specialization along the margins.B.Aided by their high literacy rates these countries were able to claim key areas of specialization within established international markets.C.High literacy rates enabled these countries to take over international markets and adapt the international division of labor to suit their strengths.D.The international division of labor established by the early industrializers was suited to these countries, a key factor in their success.11.According to paragraph 6, a major problem with depending heavily on international markets was that theycked stabilityB.were not well suited to agricultural productsC.were largely controlled by the early industrializersD.led to slower growth of local industries12.According to paragraph 6, what advantage could a country gain from being heavily involved in international commerce?A.A steadily rising national incomeB.Greater control over market fluctuationsC.High returns when things went wellD.A reduced need for imports13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence be added to passage. Where would the sentence best fit? During this period, Sweden had the highest rate of growth of output per capita of any country in Europe, and Denmark was secondWhile some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. ■【A】All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. ■【B】However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. ■【C】In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success. ■【D】14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THERR answer choices that express the most important ideas in thepassage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Although the Netherlands and Scandinavia began to industrialize relatively late, they did so very successfullyA.Although these countries all started with small, uneducated populations, industrialization led to significant population growth and higher literacy rates.B.Thanks to their ready access to the sea, these countries enjoyed advantages in mercantile shipping, fishing, and shipbuilding.C.Because they all started with good harbors for steamships, these countries started with an important advantage in the competition for transit trade.D.These countries were helped by the fact that their governments were relatively stable and honest and generally supported liberal trade policies.E.These countries were successful primarily because their high literacy rates helped them fill specialized market niches.F.Because they were never fully dependent on international commerce, these countries were able to survive notorious fluctuations in international markets.托福阅读答案1.注意这道题没有明显关键词，England和Germany是不能用的，因为跟主题相关，所以用排除法。
TPO口语题目完美word打印版
TPO 01Task1Talk about a book you have read that was important to you for some reason. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.Task2Some people believe that television has had a positive influence on society. Others believe it has had a negative influence on society. Which do you agree with and why? Use details and examples to explain your opinion.Task3Letter in the Centerville College NewsThe administration has announced plans to acquire a new sculpture for campus. We should all oppose this plan. The university’s financial pool financial condition led it to increase the price for campus housing and tuition by 15% this past year. Surely then it is in no financial position to purchase such an expensive sculpture. Moreover, just look at the sculpture: several 60-foot long steel plates, jutting out of the earth at odd angles. It’s so large; it’ll take up all the green space in front of the campus center! This is public space that should be reserved for students to use.Explain why the woman disagrees with the reasons expressed in the letter.Task4GroupthinkOne process by which groups may make bad or irrational decisions is known as groupthink. Individual members of a group attempt to conform their opinions to what they believe to be the group consensus even though the result may be negative. These include the desire to be like, fear of losing a job, or even not wanting to be the one employee delaying a decision that seems inevitable. These kinds of implicit pressures to conform lead group members to ultimately make decisions that each by himself or herself, might normally not make.Explain groupthink and its effects using the example of the computer company.Task5The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then sate which solution you recommend and explain why.Task6Using the research described by the professor, explain what scientists have learned about the mathematicalabilities of babies.TPO02Task 1Choose a place you go to often that is important to you and explain why it is important. Please include specific details in you explanation.TASK2Some college students choose to take courses in a variety of subject areas in order to get a broad education. Others choose to focus on a single subject area in order to have a deeper understanding of that area. Which approach to course selection do you think is better for students and why?Task3Bus Service Elimination PlannedThe university has decided to discontinue its free bus service for students. The reason given for this decision is that few students ride the buses and the buses are expensive to operate. Currently, the buses run from the center of campus past university buildings and through some of the neighborhoods surrounding the campus. The money saved by eliminating the bus service will be used to expand the overcrowded student parking lots.The man expresses his opinion of the university’s plan to eliminate the bus service. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Task4Social interactionPeople deal with each other everyday. This interaction is at the heart of social life. The study of social interaction is concerned with the influence people have over one another’s behavior. People take each other into account in their daily behavior and in fact, the very presence of others can affect behavior. For example, one principle of social interaction, audience effects, suggests that individual s’ work is affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others, that the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity. Explain how the examples of tying shoes and learning to type demonstrate the principle of audience effects. Response:Task5The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then explain what you think the woman should do and why.Task6Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two definitions of money presented by the professor.TPO03Task1What characteristics do you think make someone a good parent? Explain why these characteristics are important to you.Task2Some students prefer to work on class assignments by themselves. Others believe it is better to work in a group. Which do you prefer?Task3Hot Breakfast Eliminated.Beginning next month, Dining Services will no longer serve hot breakfast foods at university dining halls. Instead, Students will be offered a wide assortment of cold breakfast items in the morning. These cold breakfast foods, such as breads, fruit, and yogurt, are healthier than many of the hot breakfast items that we will stop serving. So, health-conscious students should welcome this change. Students will benefit in another way as well, because limiting the breakfast selection to cold food items will save money and allow us to keep our meal plans affordable.The woman expressed her opinion of the change that has been announced. State her opinion and explain her reasons for holding that opinion.Task4Cognitive dissonanceIndividuals sometimes experience a contradiction between their actions and their beliefs---between what they are doing and what they believe they should be doing. These contradictions can cause a kind of mental discomfort known as cognitive dissonance. People experiencing cognitive dissonance often do not want to change the way they are acting, so they resolve the contradictory situation in another way. They change their interpretation of the situation in a way that minimizes the contradiction between what they are doing and what they believe should be doing.Using the example discussed by the professor, explain what cognitive dissonance is and how people often deal with it.Task5The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which of the solutions you recommend and explain why.Task6Using the examples from the talk, explain how persuasive strategies are used in advertising.TPO04Task1Which do you miss most about your home when you are away? Use specific details in you explanation.Task2Many universities now offer academic courses over the Internet. However, some people still prefer learning in traditional classrooms. Which do you think is better? Explain why.Task3Evening Computer Classes May Be AddedThe computer department is considering offering evening classes in the fall. The proposal to add the classes is a response to student complaints that daytime computer classes have become increasingly overcrowded and there are no longer enough computers available. The department has decided that despite some added expense, the most cost-effective way of addressing this problem is by adding computer classes in the evening. It is hoped that this change will decrease the number of students enrolled in day classes and thus guarantee individual access to computers for all students in computer classes.The computer department is considering a scheduling change. Explain the man’s opinion of the change and reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Task4Verbal and Nonverbal CommunicationWhen we speak with other people face-to-face the nonverbal signals we give---our facial expressions, hand gestures, body movements, and tone of voice---often communicate as much as, or more than, the words we utter. When our nonverbal signals, which we often produce unconsciously, agree with our verbal message, the verbal message is enhance and supported, made more convincing. But when they conflict with the verbal message, we may be communicating an entirely different and more accurate message than what we intend.Explain how the examples from the professor’s lecture illustrate the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication.Task5The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the man’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then sate which solution you recommend and explain why.Task6Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the importance of visual elements in painting.TPO05Task1Talk about a place you enjoyed going to or visiting when you were a child. Describe the place. Explain why you enjoyed it.Task2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Why or why not? Use details and examples to explain your answer. It is more important to study math or science than it is to study art or literature.Task3Campus Dining Club AnnouncedStarting this year, the university dining hall will be transformed into the Campus Dining Club for one week at the end of each semester. During the last week of each semester, the dining hall will feature special meals prepared by the university’s culinary arts students. The school feels that this will give students who are studying cooking and food preparation valuable experience that will help them later, when they pursue careers. The university has announced that it will charge a small additional fee for these dinners in order to pay for the special gourmet food ingredients that will be required.The man expresses his opinion about the university’s plan. State his opinion and explain the reason he gives for holding that opinion.Task4Target MarketingAdvertisers in the past have used radio and television in an attempt to provide information about their products to large, general audiences; it was once thought that the best way to sell a product was to advertise it to as many people as possible. However, more recent trends in advertising have turned toward target marketing. Target marketing is the strategy of advertising to smaller, very specific audiences---audiences that have been determined to have the greatest need or desire for the product being marketed. Target marketing has proved to be very effective in reaching potential customers.Using the professor’s examples, explain the advertising technique of target marketing.Task5Briefly summarize the woman’s problem. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task6Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two types of motivation.TPO06Task1Talk about a photograph or painting you have seen that was memorable. Explain what you liked or disliked about it.Task2Some people have one career throughout their lives. Other people do different kinds of work at different points in their lives. Which do you think is better? Explain why.Task3History Seminars Should Be ShorterCurrently, all of the seminar classes in the history department are three hours long. I would like to propose that history seminars be shortened to two hours. I make this proposal for two reasons. First, most students just cannot concentrate for three hours straight. I myself have taken these three-hour seminars and found them tiring and sometimes boring. Also, when a seminar lasts that long, people stop concentrating and stop learning, so the third hour of a three-hour seminar is a waste of everyone’s time. Two-hour seminars would be much more efficient.The woman expresses her opinion about the proposal that her friend Tim made in his letter to the newspaper. State her opinion about his proposal and explain the reasons she gives for her opinion.Task4Explicit Memories and Implicit MemoriesIn everyday life, when people speak of memory, they are almost always speaking about what psychologists would call explicit memories. An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection, usually of facts, names, event, or other things that a person can state or declare. There is another kind of memory that is not conscious. Memory of this kind are called implicit memories. An individual can have an experience that he or she cannot consciously recall yet still display reactions that indicate the experience has been somehow recorded in his or her brain.Using the example of the car advertisement, explain what is meant by implicit memory.Task5The professor proposes two solutions to the problem the woman describes. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task6Using points and examples from the talk, explain the difference between active and passive attention.TPO07Task1If friends from another country were going to spend time in your country, what city or place would you suggest they visit? Using details and examples, explain why.Task2State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Then explain your reasons, using specific details in your explanation.Learning through online courses is more effective than learning in the traditional classroom setting.Task3Sculpture Courses to Be DiscontinuedUniversity administrators announce yesterday that the sculpture program, a division of the art department, will be eliminated. “The main reason is a lack of student interest,”reported one administrator. “Although the number of art students has increased, fewer and fewer art majors are taking sculpture classes.” Furthermore, the department’s only sculpture professor is retiring this year. “Given the art department’s limited budget,”the administrator explained, “it just doesn’t make sense to hire a new full-time professor to teach sculpture for only a handful of students.”The woman expresses her opinion about the university’s plan. State her opinion about and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Task4Behavior ModificationIndividuals often modify their behaviors based on what they have learned about the possible consequences of their actions. When an individual learns through experience that a certain behavior results in pleasant consequences, that behavior is likely to be repeated. An unpleasant consequence, on the other hand,discourages further repetition of the behavior. While behavior modification can be observed in experiments, it also occurs frequently in everyday settings, when individuals change their behavior based on what they have learned about the consequences of that behavior.Using the example from the lecture, explain what behavior modification is and how it works.Task5The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain why.Task6Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the two major factors of product quality and how their role in consumer decision making has changed.TPO08Task1Talk about a time when a friend or family member helped you in the past. Describe how the person helped you. Then explain why this was important to you.Task2Some people enjoy taking risks and trying new things. Others are not adventurous: they are cautious and prefer to avoid danger. Which behavior do you think is better? Explain why.Task3Music Coming to CafeteriasMary Dixon, Director of the Student Life Committee, announced yesterday that beginning next semester university cafeterias will broadcast classical music during mealtimes. “Music will foster a more relaxed atmosphere.” Said Dixon, ”Students’ lives are hectic, and mealtimes provide important opportunities to take a break and catch up with friends before moving on to the next class or assignment.” Added Dixon. “We’re alsohoping that, if we provide the music, students will unplug their personal music devices---their walkmans and mp3 players of whatever---and will spend more time talking to each other. When students have their headphones on, they’re not connecting with each other. ”The man expresses his opinion about his opinion of the university’s plan. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Task4Revealing ColorationMany animals use coloration to protect themselves from predators. One defensive strategy involving the use of coloration is what is known as reveling coloration. Animals employing this strategy have an area of bright color on some part of their body; this bright color is usually hidden from predators’view. When approached by a predator, the animal suddenly reveals the area of bright color; this unexpected display of color startles or confuses the predator and provides the would-be prey with an opportunity to escape.Using the examples from the peanut bug and the morpho butterfly, explain the concept of revealing coloration.Task5Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task6Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the two pricing strategies described by the professor.TPO09Task1Talk about an important experience that you recently had. Describe what happened and explain why it was important to you.Task2Some people think that family members are the most important influence on young adults. Others believe that friends are the most important influence. Which do you agree with? Explain why.Task3Required Work ExperienceThe business studies department at State University will now require all students enrolled in its program to complete one semester of work experience in a local corporation or small business. It is felt that students will benefit from this work experience by developing leadership and organizational skills that would not normally be learned in a classroom or campus setting. Furthermore, the relationship that students establish with the company that they work for may help them to secure permanent employment with that company once they have completed the program and graduated.The woman expresses her opinion of the university’s new policy. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Task4The Establishing ShotFilm directors use different types of camera shots for specific purposes. An establishing shot is an image shown briefly at the beginning of a scene, usually taken from far away. That is used to provide context fro the rest of the scene. One purpose of the establishing shot is to communicate back ground information to the viewer, such as setting---where and when the rest of the scene will occur. It also establishes the mood feeling of the scene. Due to the context that the establishing shot provides, the characters and events that are shown next are better understood by the viewer.Using the professor’s example, explain what an establishing shot is and how it is used.Task5Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task6Using points from the lecture, explain how the passion plant and the potato plant defend themselves from insects.TPO10Task1Talk about a time when you accomplished something you did not think you could do. What did you accomplish? Why did you think you could not do it?Task2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your answer.All children should be required to learn a second language in school.Task3Student Art DisplayThe university is currently considering possible locations on campus for displaying paintings and other artwork by students. I think the lobby at the entrance to the student center would be a great location. Since many students pass through the Student center every day, artwork displayed in the lobby would be viewed by hundreds of people. Also, because the whole front of the building is made of glass window, the lobby is filled with natural light. This makes it perfect for displaying artwork, which should have plenty of light to be seen and appreciated. Sincerely yours, Paul Sands.Briefly summarize the proposal in the student’s letter. Then state her opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Task4Entertainment MerchandisingAn effective, widely used marketing practice in the entertainment industry is entertainment merchandising. Entertainment merchandising is a form of marketing in which the brand or image from one product is also used to sell another. The practice of entertainment merchandising often occurs in connection with movies and television shows, especially those associated with children. For example, the success of a popular children’s television show may result in the marketing of toys that are designed to look like characters in the show. Or the situation may be reversed when a children’s television show is written to include characters that are based on already-popular toys.Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of entertainment merchandising.Briefly summarize the woman’s problem. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task6Using points from the lecture, explain why researchers think that babies may feel empathy.TPO11Task1Talk about a book you have read that was important to you for some reason. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.Task2Some people think that children should be allowed to watch whatever television programs they choose to. Others think that parents should exercise control over the television programs their children watch. Which do you agree with? Explain why.Task3Housing Renovations PlannedOver the last ten years, the number of Central College students living on campus in dormitories has decreased by twenty percent. In an effort to counteract the trend, the college has announced a plan to renovate its on-campus housing. The renovations will take two years, and they will include improvements to the bathrooms, lighting, and heating in the dormitories. “A lot of people are moving off campus because the dorms aren’t in great shape,”explained the college president. “By renovating the dorms, we can make them more appealing than off-campus housing, and more students will choose to remain on campus.”The woman expresses her opinion about the university’s plan. Then state her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Task4Outsider ArtThe artists who produce this kind of art-Outsider Artists- work in isolation from other artists and have little or no formal artistic training. Because they do not learn conventional artistic techniques from teachers or other artists, outsider artists must invent their own ways of doing things. As a result of the unconventional methods that outsider artists often use, their work can look strange and not at all like traditional art to the observer.Explain why Henry Darger is considered as an outsider artist.Task5The students discuss a problem and two possible solutions. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task6Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain what unity and contrast are, and how they make interior design more effective.TPO12Task1What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explain why you think it is efficient. Include specific reasons and examples.Task2Some people believe it’s essential for a person’s education to learn to play a musical instrument. Others don’t believe music education is important. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.Task3College Radio Station to Undergo Major Changes?The university is considering making major changes to the college radio station. Changes would include an expansion of the station’s broadcasting range, which would allow the radio’s programming to reach nearby towns. One goal of the plan is to attract more students to apply to its communications program. Another goal is providesignificantly increase the number of listeners, which will in turn encourage businesses to place commercials on the radio.The woman supports the proposal described in the article. Explain why she thinks it will achieve the university’s goals.Task4Subliminal PerceptionHumans are constantly perceiving visual and auditory stimuli. Sometimes our perception of these stimuli occurs consciously: we are aware of a stimulus and know what we are perceiving it. But our perception of a stimulus can also occur without our awareness: an image might appear and disappear before our eyes too quickly for us to notice what we saw it, or a sound might be too faint for us to realize that we heard it. This phenomenon---the perception of a stimulus just below the threshold of conscious awareness---is called subliminal perception. Experiments have shown that subliminally perceived stimuli can influence people’s thoughts and attitudes. Describe what subliminal perception is and explain how the experiment discussed by the professor illustrates this phenomenon.Task5The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task6Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how substitute goods and complement goods influence demand for a particular product.TPO13Task1Talk about a game, sport or other group activity that is played in your country. Explain why you think the activity is enjoyable.Task2When looking for information for a research project, some students prefer to get their information mainly from the Internet. Others prefer to mainly use printed materials such as books and academic journals. Which do you prefer, and why?Task3New StadiumA university official announced plans to spend $2 millions to build a new athletic stadium, commenting that a new stadium would help the university achieve its goal of attracting more top students. The official also said that, additionally, building a new stadium would allow the university to strengthen its relationship with the town since a new and larger stadium would have the space to seat not only students, parent, and alumni, but members of the local community as well.The woman expresses her opinion about the university’s plan. Then state her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Task4Perceptual ConstancyHow an object affects our senses depends in part on external conditions, and these conditions are always changing. An object viewed from one angle presents a different shape to our eye than when viewed from another angle; similarly, as the distance from which we view an object changes, the object will appear larger or smaller. In spite of this, even as conditions change and we see objects differently, we still recognize that they remain the same. This is what is known as perceptual constancy. If not of perceptual constancy, we might have difficulty recognizing familiar objects if we viewed them in a new and different context.Explain what is meant by “Perceptual constancy”, using the examples provided by the professor.Task5The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the man’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task6Using the examples of the leafy sea dragon and the cuttlefish, describe two kinds of camouflage and the benefits they provide.TPO14Task1People enjoy reading many different types of books such as mystery, biography, romance, etc. Of all the different types of books that there are, which type do you most enjoy?Task2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One of the best ways to learn is by making mistakes. Use specific examples and details to support your opinion.Task3University Should Allow Eating in ClassCurrently, there is a university-wide policy that prohibits eating in the classroom. I disagree with this policy. I think students should be allowed to eat in class. This change would be good for two reasons. For one thing, students were permitted to eat, they would be able to concentrate better, because students often get hungry during long classes, and hunger makes it difficult to concentrate. Also, if food were allowed in classrooms, it would be possible for us to have in-class parties on the last day of class---with snack foods and beverages---to celebrate the end of each semester.The man expresses her opinion about the proposal in the newspaper. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Task4Comfort Zone BiasPsychologists have found that when people make important decision, they often choose to stay in their “Comfort Zone”; that is, they prefer remaining in comfortable, familiar situations, rather than entering into new, unfamiliar ones. This tendency is often referred to as the comfort zone bias. When people are reasonably content, they often decide not to pursue a new opportunity, even if it attracts them and offers more advantages. Psychologists believe that the comfort zone bias exists not only because we have a natural preference for what we already。
TPO-18C1Applyforapart-timejoboncampus
TPO-18C1Applyforapart-timejoboncampus 第 1 段1.Listen to a conversation between a student and an administrator in the university employment office.听⼀段学校雇员室中学⽣和管理⼈员间的对话。
第 2 段1.Hi! I hope you can help me, I just transferred from Northeastern State University near Chicago.你好，我希望你能帮帮我！我刚刚才从芝加哥附近的东北⼤学转学过来。
第 3 段1.Well welcome to Central University.欢迎来到中央⼤学。
2.But Chicago is such a great city. Why did you leave?不过芝加哥是个特别棒的城市，你为什么要离开呢？is such ~第 4 段1.Everyone asks that, It's my hometown, and it was sure convenient to go to a school nearby.每个⼈都这么问。
那⼉是我的家乡，⽽且当然，在附近上学会很⽅便。
2.But Northeastern is still fairly small and it doesn't have the program I'm interested in.但是，东北部还是太⼩了。
⽽且，那个学校还没有我感兴趣的专业。
3.I want to major in international studies.我想把专业定在国际关系研究上4.And the only program in the State is here.州⾥⾯开设有这个项⽬的⼤学就在这⼉。
托福TPO18口语文本
小编给考生们带来了托福TPO18口语文本，希望大家多做题，多积累、多研究，有针对性的规划考试。
Task1Imagine your life ten years in the future. Talk about one way you thinkyour life will be different in ten years than it is now. Use details to explainyour answer.Task2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important tolearn about other cultures.Task3University Choir to Enter Off-Campus Singing CompetitionsCurrently, the university choir gives singing concerts only on campus. Nextyear, however, the choir will add competitive events at other locations to itsschedule. The choir ’s new director feels that entering singing competitionswill make the quality of the choir ’s performance even better than it is now.“Competitions will motivate students in the choir to pursue a higher standard ofexcellence in singing.” He said. In addition, it is hoped that getting the choiroff campus and out in the public will strengthen the reputation of theuniversity ’s music program. This in turn will help the program grow.The man expresses her opinion about the change described in the article.Briefly summarize the change. Then state her opinion and explain the reasons shegives for holding that opinion.Task4Relict BehaviorIn general, animals act in ways that help them to survive within theirspecific habitats. However, sometimes an animal species may display a behavior that no longer serves a clear purpose. The original purpose for the behavior may have disappeared long ago, even thousands of years before. These behaviors, known as relict behaviors, were useful to the animal when the species’ habitat was different: but now, because of changed conditions, the behavior no longer serves its original purpose. Left over from an earlier time, the behaviorremains as relict, or remnant, long after the environmental circumstance that influenced its evolution has vanished.Using the example of the pronghorn and lion, explain the concept of arelict behavior.Task5Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for yourrecommendation.Task6Using points and examples from the lecture, explain how the characteristics of target customers influence marketing strategy for products.以上就是小编为大家带来关于托福TPO口语资料供大家阅读参考，托福资料频道将第一时间为考生发布最全、最新、最专业的托福资讯及托福考试资料及机经.。
托福TPO18综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
¡¡¡¡ÎªÁË°ïÖú´ó¼Ò¸ßЧ±¸¿¼Íи££¬Îª´ó¼Ò´øÀ´Íи£TPO18×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄ+ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄ+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼Ò±¸¿¼ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO18×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡In the 1950s Torreya taxifoha, a type of evergreen tree once very common in the state of Florida, started to die out. No one is sure exactly what caused the decline, but chances are good that if nothing is done, Torreya will soon become extinct. Experts are considering three ways to address the decline of Torreya. The first option is to reestablish Torreya in the same location in which it thrived for thousands of years. Torreya used to be found in abundance in the northern part of Florida, which has a specific microclimate. A microclimate exists when weather conditions inside a relatively small area differ from the region of which that area is a part. Northern Florida's microclimate is very favorable to Torreya's growth. This microclimate is wetter and cooler than the surrounding region's relatively dry, warm climate. Scientists have been working to plant Torreya seeds in the coolest, dampest areas of the microclimate. The second option is to move Torreya to an entirely different location, far from its Florida microclimate. Torreya seeds and saplings have been successfully planted and grown in forests further north, where the temperature is significantly cooler. Some scientists believe that Torreya probably thrived in areas much further north in the distant past, so by relocating it now, in a process known as assisted migration, humans would simply be helping Torreya return to an environment that is more suited to its survival. The third option is to preserve Torreya in research centers. Seeds and saplings can be moved from the wild and preserved in a closely monitored environment where it will be easier for scientists both to protect the species and conduct research on Torreya. This research can then be used to ensure the continued survival of the species.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO18×ÛºÏд×÷ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡You've just read about three ways to save Torreya taxifolia. Unfortunately, none of these three options provides a satisfactory solution.About the first solution-reestablishing Torreya in the same location-that's unlikely to be successful, because of what's happening to the coolest dampest areas within torreya's micro-climate. These areas are being strongly affected by changes in the climate of the larger region. This could be because global warming has contributed to an increase in overall temperatures in the region or because wetlands throughout Florida have been drained. Either way, many areas across the region are becoming drier, so it's unlikely that Torreya would have the conditions it needs to survive anywhere within its original Florida micro-climate.Now about the second solution, relocating Torreya far from where it currently grows, well, let's look at what happened when humans helped another tree, the black locust tree, move north to a new environment. When they did this, the black locust tree spread so quickly that it killed off many plants and trees in the new environment, and some of these plants and trees were themselves already in dangerof becoming extinct. So assisted migration can have unpredicted outcomes for the new environment.Third, research centers are probably not a solution either. That's because the population of Torreya trees that can be kept in the centers will probably not be able to resist diseases. For a population of trees to survive a disease, it needs to be relatively large and it needs to be genetically diverse. Tree populations in the wild usually satisfy those criteria but research centers would simply not have enough capacity to keep a large and diverse population of Torreya trees, so trees in such centers will not be capable of surviving diseases in the long term.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO18×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ1£º¡¡¡¡The professor in the lecture totally disagrees with the three solutions mentioned in the reading passage. In fact, she believes that these solutions won¡¯t lead to satisfactory consequences at all. Firstly, the professor mentions that help the Torreya reestablish in its original habitat is unlikely to success. She claims that the coolest and dampest area of the microclimate is strongly influenced by many worldwide climate effects such as the global warming, thus it is impossible for Torreya to thrive again in the same place. This strongly opposes the first method in the reading passage. Secondly, the professor claims that moving Torreya to a totally different location is also unrealistic. She takes Black Locus as an example. Black Locus thrives quickly after entering a new habitat and endangers many scarce species. The professor points out the disastrous consequence and opposes the second method raised in the reading passage. Last but not least, the professor claims that keeping Terroya in research center won¡¯t be a good method either. Trees preserved in the center cannot resist diseases in the long run. The professor again opposes the last method in the reading passage.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO18×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ2£º¡¡¡¡In the passage the author describes three ways to address the decline of Torreya. However, the professor doubts the passage by stating that none of the three ways will work. T o begin with, the professor points out that the first option mentioned in the passage, reestablishing Torreya, will not succeed. Why? Because many areas within Florida¡¯s microclimate region are turning drier for either global warming, or the disappearing wetlands. Consequently, this region fails to meet the condition Torreya needs to survive. Additionally, the professor claims that the second option, relocating Torreya, will definitely result in vain. To illustrate this argument the example of another tree, which was moved to a new environment and then quickly spread to kill off other plant species, including some already endangered ones, is introduced. F inally, the professor argues against the third option in the reading, preserving Torreya in research centers. The population of Torreya, she explains, has to be genetically diverse in order to resist diseases. Nevertheless, research centers, different from the wild, are not capable of maintaining such a size. For all the above analysis, the solutions in the reading lose their values.。
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为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO18口语Task1题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO18独立口语Task1题目：
Imagine your life ten years in the future. Talk about one way you think your life will be different in ten years than it is now. Use details to explain your answer.
托福TPO18独立口语Task1满分范文：
I imagine my life ten years in the future to be free. My life will be different in one way from now that I don’t have to be tied to a job. I can travel around the world, go anywhere, see different things, meet different people, broaden my horizon and thus feel the world. I don’t have to confine myself to just one place. I can go to France, South Africa, South America and Islands in the Pacific. In addition, I can be a freelancer, live on my royalties. I will have plenty of time to write novels and read all the masterpieces. This is what I imagine my life will be in ten years.
以上是给大家整理的托福TPO18口语Task1题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。