专业英语 汉译英(2)
英语专业八级经济发展2-参考译文
经济发展汉译英2——参考译文自入世以来，中国积极推进贸易投资自由化便利化，有力维护争端解决机制法律地位，全力支持发展中国家融入多边体系，维护多边贸易体系的权威性和有效性。
Since acceding to the WTO, China has played an active role in liberalizing and facilitating trade and investment, effectively safeguarded the dispute settlement mechanism, vigorously supported the integration of developing members into the multilateral trading system, and firmly upheld the authority and efficacy of the multilateral trading system.中国旗帜鲜明反对单边主义和贸易保护主义，在APEC第22次领导人非正式会议、20国集团领导人杭州峰会和金砖国家领导人第9次会晤期间，推动将反对贸易保护主义写入会议成果文件。
中国支持WTO上诉机制独立公正发挥作用，已会同60多个成员联署提案，推动尽快启动法官遴选程序。
中国全面参与多哈回合各项议题谈判，推动多国完成《贸易便利化协定》的国内批准程序。
中国设立“最不发达国家及加入世贸组织中国项目”，已帮助6个最不发达国家加入世贸组织。
China explicitly opposes unilateralism and trade protectionism. During the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, and the 9th BRICS Summit, China secured statements on opposing trade protectionism in the outcome documents of these summits. China supports the independent and impartial role of the WTO Appellate Body, and joined more than 60 members in submitting a proposal on starting the selection process at the earliest possible date. China participated fully in the Doha Round negotiations, and encouraged a number of countries to complete their domestic ratification procedures of the Trade Facilitation Agreement. The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Accessions Program, established by China, has helped six LDCs accede to the WTO.自入世以来，中国快速融入世界经济，加速改革开放，已成为世界经济增长的主要稳定器和动力源。
2019年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试二级口译实务真题（人事部CATTI考试）
2019年6⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试⼆级⼝译实务真题（⼈事部CATTI考试）2019年6⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试英语⼆级《⼝译实务》试题Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points) Passage 1When I came here last year, it was 9 months after the agreement was signed by OPEC members and non-OPEC countries. Now we have been out of 3 years of recession. cooperation between 25 countries has helped bring back stability, having a positive impact on world economy and trade. In the past 20 months, the change in the situations is like day and night. However, it’s not the time for us to rest on the success. We should continue to build a healthy and stable market. Despite the recovery, there are still factors that are out of our control: geopolitical crises, disputes between countries and natural disasters. It is important for us to handle these risks and it is crucial to the market in the short term and in the long term.We are in support of the Paris Agreement, which is the most important document about climate change and sustainable energy. Historically, people think renewable energy is the only choice for the future, but I think this idea is misleading. Actually, we need a diversity of energy sources, rather than just one source.New renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are developing rapidly and the share of hydroelectric power remains stable. By 2040, renewable energy will account for 19% in the global energy mix. Nuclear power will represent 6%. That means 3/4 of the energy supply will have to be found elsewhere. So oil is still important.Global energy demand is predicted to increase by 30%, in order to meet the needs of economic development and increased population. 3 billion people need energy for cooking, and there are still 1 billion people lacking electricity. Energy supply can have no holidays. It is a 24h service. Energy supply has to be reliable, stable and sustainable.Passage 2What is human resources capital index? It is a statistic tool for measuring how a country prepares its people for the challenges in the future. We can’t wait any more,though I know some countries may not feel happy about its ranking.In the past years, many countries have invested much in infrastructure, such as roads, bridges and airports. This is because the social and political benefits of investment in infrastructure are apparent. However, it takes years to see the benefits of investment in human resources, so there is a great gap in countries’ investment in human resources capital, and the gap is likely to widen.The focus of our index is to ask 3 questions: first, how many children in a country can live to 5 years old? second, after reaching the age of 5, how many children go to school? third, when these young people go to the job market, how many have received sufficient training, which lays a good foundation for live-long learning. If children are provided with nutritious food and good health care, they will then request advanced education. However, in many countries, children face chronic lack of nutritious food, health care and school. If their brains don’t develop fully, later when they enter the job market they will be in a disadvantageous situation.If a country doesn’t invest in human resources capital, its economic output cannot increase, and it cannot compete with other countries. Most of my life has been spent on investment in human resources capital in developing countries, and I have seen how the lack of investment in human resources capital has brought miseries. We call on donors to contribute more to these developing countries. However, we should also recognize that the huge needs cannot be met just by foreign aide. It is more important that the developing countries improve their own ability.Investment in human resources capital is important. Developing countries should improve air quality, provide clean water, school bus service, health care and social security.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points) Passage 1改⾰开放40年来，中国的经济发展取得了巨⼤成就，已经成为世界第⼆⼤经济体。
专业英语
单词：Self-motivated 自我激励Compensation 补偿、赔偿Fatality 不幸、灾祸Traumatic 外伤的、创伤的Respiration 呼吸、呼吸作用Insurance premium 保险费ROPS(roll-over protective structure)翻车安全防护措施VTL（vertical turret lathe）立式转塔车床Grinding machine磨床Lubricant润滑物、润滑油、润滑剂GNP(gross national product)国民生产总值Scaffold 脚手架Jackhammer 手持式风钻、风镐mine fire 矿井火灾silicosis 硅肺病chronic 慢性的，延续很长的suffocate 使……窒息respiratory tract 呼吸道lethal 致命的，致死的BLEVE 沸腾液体膨胀气化爆炸hidden fire spread 暗藏的火种，暗藏的火灾隐患explosion occupancies identified 爆炸危险性用房的辨识terminology 术语学句子：The amount left was estimated to be again as much as all the zinc that has been mined。
当时估计，剩余锌储量是已开采量的两倍。
The new equipment will reduce the error probability by seven times。
新设备的误差概率将降低6/7。
The voltage has dropped five times. 电压降低了4/5.The pressure will be reduced to one-fourth of its original value。
压力将减少到原来数值的四分之一Friction can be reduced and the life ofthe machine prolonged bylubrication。
数学专业英语翻译2-3
S，我们记为。
如果方便，我们可以用在大括号中列出元素的方式来表示集合。 例如，小于10的正偶数的集合表示为{2,4,6,8}，而所有正偶数 的集合表示为{2,4,6,…}, 三个圆点表示 “等等”。
The dots are used only when the meaning of “and so on” is clear. The method of listing the members of a set within braces is sometimes referred to as the roster notation.
In fact, the empty set contains no elements, whereas the set has one element. Sets consisting of exactly one element are sometimes called one-element sets.
一个给定的集合S可以产生新的集合，这些集合叫做S的子集。 例如，由可被4除尽的并且小于10的正整数所组成的集合是 小于10的所有偶数所组成集合的子集。一般来说，我们有如 下定义。
In all our applications of set theory, we have a fixed set S given in advance, and we are concerned only with subsets of this given set. The underlying set S may vary from one application to another; it will be referred to as the universal set of each particular discourse. （35页第二段）
综合专业英语试题
专业英语试题一、词语翻译1.Electromagnetic induction 电磁感应2.Broadcasting 广播3.发射机Transmitter4.Encoder 编码器5.光电阴极Photocathode6.像素Pixel7.Harmonic structure 谐波结构8.多路器Mutiplexer9.电离层Ionosphere10.Deterministic 确定的11.功率谱密度power clensity spectrum12.信噪比signal-to-noise ratio13.Demodulation 解调，检波14.Nonlinear 非线性的15.Vacuum-tube 真空（电子）管16.Modulation coefficient 调制系数17.Upper side frequency 上边频18.调制信号modulation signal19.直流电源DC power suply20.Quadrature 正交21.振荡器resonator22.Inversion 倒置23.差分difference24.Cascade 串联，级联25.Deemphasis 去加重1.field-effect 场效应管2.oscilloscope 示波器rmation 信息，消息，情报4.optical fiber 光纤5. signal-to-noise 信噪比6.bandwidth 基带7.vocal tract 声带8.bipolar 双极（线）的9.decoder 解（译）码器10.Fourier series 傅里叶级数11.decibel 分贝12.modulation 调制，调节13.amplifier 放大器，扩音机14. transformer 变压器15.resonator 振荡器16.prescribe 指示，规定17.difference差分，差别18.frequency modulation调频19.frequency divider分频器20.viewpoint 观点21.impurity杂质，混合物22.nanometers纳米23.packaging封装24.very large integration 超大规模集成电路25.digital signal processing数字信号处理26. baseband 基带27.binary二进制编码28.mainframe 主机，大型机29.electronic mail电子邮件30.mobile telephone service移动电话业务二、英译汉1.A serial link is often used to attach a computer to a modem.答案：串口通常用来将计算机和调制解调器连接起来。
专业英语八级汉译英(记叙文类)强化练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级汉译英（记叙文类）强化练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.1．书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。
页数不多的往往立刻通读，篇幅大的，只把正文任择一二章节略加翻阅，就插在书架上。
除小说外，我少有全体读完的大部的书，只凭了购入当时的记忆，知道某册书是何种性质，其中大概有些什么可取的材料而已。
什么书在什么时候再去读再去翻，连我自己也无把握，完全要看一个时期一个时期的兴趣。
正确答案：As soon as a new book comes to my hand, I always read the preface first and then the table of contents. If it happens to be a thin one, I often finish reading it at one sitting. Otherwise, I often browse through one or two chapters or sections before putting it onto my bookshelf. I seldom read a thick book from cover to cover unless it is a novel. By dint of the first impression it made on me at the time of buying, I have a rough idea of what a book is about and what useful materials in it are available to me. But I have little idea which book is to be read or looked over again at what time. It is completely subject to the whims of the moment.解析：1．第一句主句的主语“我的习惯”不宜直译为英语的主语，因为后面的成分“先看序文，次看目录”都是动词词组，发出动作的逻辑主语是“我”。
(完整版)电子技术专业英语
1、汉译英1)直流电路direct current circuits2)放大器（扩音器）amplifier3)模拟电子技术analog electronics4)半导体二极管semiconductor diode5)晶体管效应transistor effect6)微处理器microprocessor7)电气工程electrical engineering8)能源工程（或电力工程）power engineering9)通信工程telecommunications engineering10)内部器件internal devices11)电子元件electrical components12)欧姆定律Ohm law13)限制电流limit current14)分压器voltage divider15)晶体管偏置电路transistor biasing circuits16)阻碍电流block DC current17)存储点能store electrical energy18)感抗inductive reactance19)绝缘材料insulating material20)交流阻抗AC resistancea)通用仪表general-purpose meterb)模拟仪表analog meterc)交换测试笔reverse the test leadsd)机械调节mechanical adjuste)测量电阻measure resistancef)正向电压positive voltageg)测量电流measure currenth)电压幅度voltage amplitudei)双踪示波器dual-trace oscilloscopej)信号发生器signal generator21)PN结PN junction22)三极管bipolar transistor23)电子和空穴electron and hole24)稳压电源electronic power supply或steady DC voltage source25)桥式整流器bridge rectifier26)脉冲直流电pulsating DC27)二极管的正极anode of diode28)峰值电压peak voltage29)电容滤波器capacitor filter30)充电和放电charge and discharge31)稳压管Zener diode32)电器电子工程师学会IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)33)专业技术组织technical professional association34)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s V oltage Law35)电压源voltage sources36)电荷守恒定律the law of conservation of electric charge37)在每一瞬时at every instant of time38)元件两端的电压voltages across elements39)无线电传输radio transmission40)频率调制或调频frequency modulation41)频域the frequency domain42)线性电阻linear resistor43)调幅波形amplitude modulation wave44)专用集成电路（ASIC）45)快速时间响应fast response time46)有效信号valid signal47)十进制数字系统decimal system48)逻辑运算logic operation1)控制信号线the control bus2)中断线interrupt lines1)结构化语言structured language2)局部变量local variables3)副作用side effect4)汇编语言指令assembly language instructions1)静止图像still image2)阴极射线管，显像管CRT or the cathode ray tube3)像素pixel4)电子束electron beam2、英译汉1)assembler language汇编语言2)alternating current circuits交流电路3)passive electrical circuits无源电路4)three phase circuits三相电路5)digital electronics数字电子技术6)logic gates逻辑门7)3D virtual reality image三维虚拟图像8)computer programming计算机编程9)major in（在大学里）主修10)advanced programming techniques高级编程技术1)known as capacitive reactance称为容抗2)with units ohms单位为欧姆3)prevent device from burning out防止器件烧掉4)has an AC resistance to AC current对交流电流由阻抗5)adjustment with a screw用一个螺丝调节6)in the shape of a cylinder 呈圆柱形式7)block DC current，but pass AC current阻直流通交流8)to vary the inductance改变电感9)be given by the formula 由公式给出10)the RF amplifier 音频放大器1)analog multimeter模拟万用表2)extended range扩展范围3)specific meters特殊仪表4)includes the function and range switches具有功能及范围选择旋钮5)present an electronic picture呈现一幅电子图像6)display the voltage waveform显示电压波形7)appear on the screen在屏幕上出现8)phase relationships相位关系9)an example例如，作为一个例子10)in series with the circuit串连接入电路1)Semiconductor material半导体材料2)forward biased正向偏置3)depend on the external circuit resistance取决于外部电路的电阻4)excessive reverse-biased voltage过高的反偏电压5)is directly proportional to the amount ofbase current是正比于基极电流6)may even appear almost as a short几乎可看成是短路7)cause stability problems for a transistorcircuit引起晶体管电路的稳定性问题8)digital technology数字技术9)the most popular technology最常用的技术10)use two complementary typeset oftransistors N-channel and P-channel用两种互补型的晶体管——N沟道和P沟道1)equipment operation设备的运行2)device that converts AC into DC把交流电转换成直流电的器件3)the power lines电源线4)depending on the value of DC voltageneeded 根据所需要的直流电压值5) a half-wave rectifier平波整流器6)so as to produce a constant DC output从而产生一个稳定的直流输出7)in the negative side of the capacitor在电容的负极8)flow through the load流过负载9)in the forward-biased condition在加正向偏置电压的条件下10) a series（current-limiting）resistor一个串联（限制电流）电阻1)current source电流源2)under this circumstance在这种情况下3)present the second of Kirchhoff’s laws给出基尔霍夫第二定律4)introduce the concept of a “loop”引入“回路”的概念5)An alternative statement of KVLKVL的另一种表述法6)voltages algebraically sum电压代数和7)sinusoidal steady-syate response正弦稳态响应8)ordinary household voltage日常用电的电压9)time-invariant circuit时不变电路10)percentage of modulation调制百分比reduce the power consumption减小消耗功率flip-flop 触发器the octal and hexadecimal systems当时钟脉冲信号来到时改变状态①直流电路direct current circuits②放大器（扩音器）amplifier③欧姆定律Ohm law④正极positive electrode⑤充电与放电Charge and discharge⑥无线电传输Radio transmission⑦模拟仪表Analogue Meters⑧模拟电子技术analog electronics⑨半导体二极管semiconductor⑩晶体管效应transistor effect⑪微处理器microprocessor⑫通信工程telecommunications engineering ⑬汇编语言assembler language⑭电子元件electrical components⑮限制电流limit current⑯分压器voltage divider⑰偏置电路biasing circuits⑱阻碍电流block DC current⑲感抗inductive reactance⑳容抗capacitive21正向电压positive voltage22扩展范围extended range23电压波形voltage waveform24连接入电路in series with the circuit25PN结PN junction 26三极管bipolar transistor27电子与空穴electron and hole28半导体材料semiconductor material29正向偏置forward biased30数字技术digital technology31桥式整流器bridge rectifier32稳压管Zener diode33电源线the power lines34在电容的负极in the negative side of the capacitor 在加正向偏置的条件下in the forward-biased condition一个串联电阻 a series (current-limiting)resistor35电压源voltage sources36在每一瞬时at every instant of time37无线电传输radio transmission38频率调制或调频frequency modulation39快速时间响应fast response time40有效信号valid signal41结构化语言structured language42局部变量local variables43副作用side effect44静止图像still image45阴极射线管pixel46电子束electron beam1.resistors are used to limit current flowing to adevice ,thereby preventing it from burning out, as voltage dividers to reduce voltage for other circuits, as transistor biasing circuits, and to serve as circuit loads.电阻常用做限流器，限制流过器件的电流防止烧坏器件，电阻也可用作分压器，以减小其他电路电压，还可以用在晶体管偏执电路中和作为电路负载。
英语专业期末考试翻译试题(2),汉译英
翻译下列词语。
（1)雪中送炭help a lame dog over a stile(2）好好先生yes-man(3)一寸光阴一寸金an inch of time is an inch of gold（4）西部大开发western development（5)破产have/wear a green bonnet二．。
翻译下列句子。
（1）幽默是智慧、学识、机敏的结晶，幽默在我们社会、家庭、工作、学习、生活中不可或缺。
Humor is the crystallization of wit, knowledge，and resourcefulness. It is also indispensable to our work，study ,family ,society ,and life in general.(2) 她使我知道人间的温暖;她使我知道爱与被爱的幸福.It was to her that I owed my awareness of the fact that there is warmth in the world—that to show love is no less happiness than to be loved.(3）中国有两点是靠得住的,一是讲原则,二是说话算数。
（邓小平）China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words.(4）月光如水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上.薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里,叶子和华仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦.Moonlight cascaded like water over the locus leaves and flowers，and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream。
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自相矛盾
The above-mentioned group of chemical substances do not dissolve in alcohol，only
one of which dissolves in ethanol.
上面提到的一组化学物质除一种可溶于乙醇外，其余都不溶于醇。
自相矛盾
组员：尹曼力 冯晓玉
汉译英翻译的要求
01
概念清楚，条理分明
02
语言表达符合英语习惯， 力避”Chinglish”
03
逻辑正确， 专业术语、 公式、 数据准确无误， 尤
其是专业术语应采用标准的、通用的，且在同篇文章 中应统一
主语问题
变换主语，使其符合英语的表达方式 ● 我认为顺利操作这种设备必须注意三点。 In my opinion, three points should be in mind to operate this equipment smoothly. 汉语有些无主句，译成英语时，可用不定代词作主语，也可用“ It is ……to ……”，“ There is ……”等结构。 ● 不是因为不存在故障，而是以为看不见故障。 It is not because the trouble is not there, it is just not visible. ● 有异常噪音就有毛病。 Where there is abnormal noise there will be some defect.
改译为:
The above-mentioned group of chemical substances do not dissolve in alcohol except
that one of them can do in ethanol.
概念歧义
The high rate of glucoamylase cDNA containing clones in the cDNA bank of strain
that在句中指什么？
意思不完整或不明确
问题： 这个that只能代替the division of frequency，因为它是主语，而protoplasts是定语, 不能代
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
替protoplasts。
改译为: The division frequency of protoplasts was lower in the liquid medium than that of those embedded in the medium containing agarose.
汉语中强调接受动作的人或事的重要性时，英译时多用被动语态 ● 这场粉尘爆炸是由斗提机电机爆出的火花引起的。
The dust explosion was started by sparks from the motor of a bucket elevator
“人们”、“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等以及具有“据…”之类的句子， 译成英语时多半用被动语态。 如： ● 人们发现，有很多工业废弃物都可以用做饲料原料。
“ because” 、“ after” 、“ as” 等）来表示分句以及主句与从句之间的各种关系。 故在汉译英时应
注意句子类型的转换。
句子类型的转换
汉语单句转换为英语主语从句 ● 再把这些数字核对一遍是没有害处的。
It is no harm that we have to recheck the figures.
They are working carefully in the laboratory now.
语序的处理
汉语状语虽一般前置，但表示目的地、结果、持续的状语，一般都和英语一样， 动词之后。 ● 他已经去饲料厂的仓库了。 放在
He has gone to the warehouse of the feed mill
时态的处理
现在完成时用来介绍已经完成的研究和试验，并强调其对现在的影响。此时态将过去时
间发生的事情与现在的情况联系起来，强调过去对现在的影响和作用。
小鼠模型没有概括出进行性听力损失以及甲状腺肿患者的表型 Mouse models have not recapitulated the human phenotype of progressive hearing loss and thyroid goiter
语序的处理
语序的处理的重点是定语和状语
汉语修饰动词时， 汉语与英语的共同规律是： 离动词最近的状态（ 方式）状语，其次是地点状语，再次 是时间状语。只是汉语的一般语序是向前推，而英语是向后推。
即：汉语状语的语序一般是： 时间状语→地点状语→方式状语→动词
英语状语的语序一般是： 动词→方式状语→地点状语→时间状语 ● 他们现在正在实验室里认真地工作。
● 物质有三态：固体、液体和气体。
There are three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas
时态的处理
一般现在时用来叙述研究的目的以及具体的研究内容，实验方法以及研究结果等，通常 表示现在存在的状态、客观事实或普遍真理 听力障碍是先天性缺陷的最常见症状，仍然难以治疗。 Hearing impairments are the most common symptom of congenital defects, and they generally remain intractable to treatment.
主语问题
汉语的主语转换成英语的地点状语
● 自然界有各种不同的元素。
There are different elements in nature 汉语的主语转换成英语的宾语
● 他们工厂的现代化车床安装得相当多。
Their factory has installed considerable modern lathes 汉语的主语转换成英语的定语
概念转移
改译为: By using this program, experimental time can be saved, while RAPD patterns remain unchanged, and thus the efficiency of RAPD-analysis is heightened.
并列平衡关系失衡
During digestion in the enzyme solution some spontaneous fusion of protoplasts could be observed and the fused protoplasts were generally large， cytoplasmic dense and varied in
汉语句中若有两个或两个以上的时间或地点状语， 通常是单位越大越在前，单位越小 越在后；而英译时，单位越小的越在前，单位越大的越在后。
语序的处理
汉语定语前置，译成英语时后置。被修饰的名词是由some, any, every, no 等词构成的复合代词时，定语 可后置。 ● 你必须好好掌握一些基本的东西。 You must have a god command of something fundamental. 某些以 –ible 或 –able 结尾的形容词作定语时，一般后置，尤其是在所修名词之前有最高级或every, the only 等修饰语时更是如此。 ● 唯一可利用的材料是铝。 The only material available is aluminum
shape.
在酶的解液中进行消化期间，可以观察到一些原生质体自然融合，融合的原生质体体积 大、胞质浓、形状各异。
并列平衡关系失衡
改译为:
During digestion of material in the enzyme solution, some spontaneous fusion of protoplasts could be observed and the fused protoplasts were generally large in size, dense in cytoplasm, and different in shape.
语态的转换
● 人们（有人、大家）认为… It is considered (or thought) that … ● 大家知道（有人说，众所周知） … It is well-known that … ● 据说（有人说） … It is said that … ● 必须承认… It must be admitted that …
汉语单句转换为英语宾语从句 ● 我希望很快就进行另一次试验。 I wish another experiment would be made soon 汉语单句转换为英语定语从句 ● 不影响物质化学成分的一切变化都是物理变化。 Any change that does not affect the chemical composition of matter is a physical change.
句子类型的转换
汉语和英语在句法结构方面有许多相似之处，但汉语常用“意合法”即主要借助词序、以及词与短语
（如“和”、“或者”、“因为”、“当……时”等） 之间的内在逻辑关系来连接复句和偏正结构的复 句； 而英语则是采用各种连词、关系代词和关系副词（如 “ and”、“ or”、“ which” 、“ when” 、
● 必须指出… It must be pointed out that …
● 由此可见… It will be seen from this that … ● 无可否认… It cannot be denied that … ●可以肯定… It may be confirmed that …
语态的转换
概念转移
Using this program, experimental time is reduced, while RAPD patterns is not changed,