土木工程专业英语课后翻译参考(二班)

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完整版土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

完整版土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

Civil EngineeringCivil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。

此处的环境包括建筑吻合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。

Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities.土木工程师建筑道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。

土木工程专业英语翻译

土木工程专业英语翻译

土木工程专业英语翻译第一单元Fundamentally, engineering is an end-product-oriented discipline that is innovative, cost-conscious and mindful of human factors. It is concerned with the creation of new entities, devices or methods of solution: a new process, a new material, an improved power source, a more efficient arrangement of tasks to accomplish a desired goal or a new structure. Engineering is also more often than not concerned with obtaining economical solutions. And, finally, human safety is always a key consideration.从根本上,工程是一个以最终产品为导向的行业,它具有创新、成本意识,同时也注意到人为因素。

它与创建新的实体、设备或解决方案有关:新工艺、新材料、一个改进的动力来源、任务的一项更有效地安排,用以完成所需的目标或创建一个新的结构。

工程是也不仅仅关心获得经济的解决方案。

最终,人类安全才是一个最重要的考虑因素。

Engineering is concerned with the use of abstract scientific ways of thinking and of defining real world problems. The use of idealizations and development of procedures for establishing bounds within which behavior can be ascertained are part of the process.工程关心的是,使用抽象的科学方法思考和定义现实世界的问题。

土木工程专业英语翻译

土木工程专业英语翻译

土木工程专业英语翻译第一篇:土木工程专业英语翻译1.第一课土木工程,这个最古老的工程专业,是指对被建设环境的规划、设计、建筑和管理。

这个环境包括按科学原理所建的一切结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设备。

土木工程师们修路、建桥、打隧道,木工程师始终(将介词throughout转译成副词)都要充分利用计算机。

用计算机来设计工程的各要素(计算机辅助设计CAD)且用计算机来管理这个工程项目。

对于现代土木工程师而言,计算机是必备的工具,因为它们允许工程师高效建水坝,海港,发电厂,供水排水系统,建医院,学校,公共交通设施和其他公共设施实质上就是要建设现代化社会和大量人口集中地。

他们也建设私有的设施,例如:机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,和其他大型建筑物,它们设计用于工业,商业和居住等用途。

此外,土木工程师规划,设计和建设完整的城市和乡镇,近年来,已经在规划和设计空间平台来构建自给自足型社区。

2.土木这个词来源于拉丁文,原意是市民。

1782年,英国人JohnSmeaton用这个术语将非军事工程工作从在当时占绝大多数的军事工程师所人事的工程工作中区别开来。

从那以后,土木工程这个词常常用于表示建设公用设施的工程师们所人事的工作,尽管这个领域要宽广得多。

3.范围:因为它的面太广,所以土木工程被分成许多技术专业。

各专业的土木工程专家所需要的技能取决于工程项目的类型。

当一个项目开始时,场地被土木工程师所测绘,他们给定给水排水设施和电力线路的实际位置。

岩土工程专家们完成土壤实验来确定地基是否能承受工程项目的自重。

环境专家们研究项目对当地的影响:潜在的空气和地下水资源的污染,工程项目对当地动植物的影响,为满足保护环境的管理要求,怎样才能把工程项目设计好。

4.对于任何一个给定的工程项目,土地处理大量的用来制定工程最佳施工方法的数据。

5.结构工程.在这个专业中,土木工程师计划和设计各种各样的结构,包括桥,水坝,发电厂,设备的支柱,海岸工程的特殊结构,美国空间项目,发射塔,巨大的天文射电望远镜,和许多种其它的工程项目。

土木工程专业英语课后翻译参考(二班)

土木工程专业英语课后翻译参考(二班)

专业英语课后翻译参考Unit12、词组翻译(1)受弯构件(2)临界屈曲荷载(3)长细比(4)短柱(5)折减模量(6)effective length (7)residual stress(8)trial and error approach (9)radius of gyration(10)tangent modulus3、英译汉(1)This ideal state is never achieved in reality, however, and some eccentricity of the load is inevitable.在现实中,这种理想状态从来没有达到,然而,一些荷载偏心是不可避免的(2)In many instances the members are aslo called upon to resist bending, and in these cases the member is a beam-column.在许多情况下,需要构件能够抵抗弯矩,并在这些情况下,构件是梁柱。

(3)If the member is so slender that the stress just before buckling is below the proportional limit---that is, the member is still elastic---the critical buckling load is given by Q.如果该构件是是细长,则在屈曲前应力就低于比例限制---也就是说,该构件仍然是弹性---由公式Q 给出该临界屈曲荷载。

(4)The ratio L/r is the slenderness ratio and is the measure of a compression member’s slenderness, with large values corresponding to slender members.L/r 是长细比,是衡量受压构件的长细的一种方法,对于细长的构件它具有较大值。

(完整版)土木工程专业英语翻译

(完整版)土木工程专业英语翻译

(完整版)土木工程专业英语翻译(1)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including Canada and the United States, reinforced concrete is a dominant structural material in engineered construction.(1)混凝土和钢筋混凝土在每个国家都被用作建筑材料。

在许多国家,包括加拿大和美国,钢筋混凝土是一种主要的工程结构材料。

(2)The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and the constituents of concrete, gravel, sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction.(2) 钢筋混凝土建筑的广泛存在是由于钢筋和制造混凝土的材料,包括石子,沙,水泥等,可以通过多种途径方便的得到,同时兴建混凝土建筑时所需要的技术也相对简单。

(3)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, building of all sorts, underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures, dams, and even in ships.(3)混凝土和钢筋混凝土被应用于桥梁,各种形式的建筑,地下结构,蓄水池,电视塔,海上石油平台,以及工业建筑,大坝,甚至船舶等。

土木工程专业英语课文翻译

土木工程专业英语课文翻译

土木工程专业英语课文翻译土木工程专业英语课文翻译土木工程专业,是大学的一种自然学科。

专门培养掌握各类土木工程学科的基本理论和基本知识,能在房屋建筑、地下建筑、道路、隧道、桥梁建筑、水电站、港口及近海结构与设施。

以下是小编整理土木工程专业英语课文翻译的资料,欢迎阅读参考。

weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and groundwater pollution, the project’s impact on local animal and plant life, and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protecting the environment. Transportation specialists determine what kind of facilities are needed to ease the burden on local roads and other transportation networks that will result from the completed project. Meanwhile, structural specialists use preliminary data to make detailed designs, plans, and specifications for the project. Supervising and coordinating the work of these civil engineer specialists, from beginning to end of the project, are the construction management specialists. Based on information supplies by the other specialists, construction management civil engineers estimate quantities and costs of materials and labor, schedule all work, order materials and equipment for the job, hire contractors and subcontractors, and perform other supervisory work to ensure the project is completed on time and as specified.领域。

土木工程专业英语课文译文

土木工程专业英语课文译文

参考译文第一单元第一部分钢筋混凝土混凝土混凝土由水,砂,石子和水泥构成。

这些不同的,分散的材料混合在一起就构成了一种坚硬的大块状物体(形状各异),有着良好的性能。

混凝土被用作建筑材料已有150年的历史。

它的普遍应用主要由于以下几点:(1)恶劣环境下的耐久性(包括耐水)(2)极易被浇铸成不同的形状和尺寸(3)相对经济实惠,极易获得(4)有极强的抗压能力但众所周知,与其较强的抗压强度相比,混凝土抗拉和抗弯强度较低。

因此,每当荷载,限制收缩或是温度发生变化,产生的拉应力超过混凝土的拉伸强度时,就会有裂缝出现。

在结构应用方面,通常的做法是利用钢筋来抵抗拉力或者是给混凝土施加压力来抵消这些拉力。

预应力混凝土对混凝土构件加载之前,对其进行压缩的方法称为预应力。

把钢筋和混凝土使用很强的力结合在一起就被称为预应力混凝土。

预应力混凝土的优点如下:1.在预应力操作过程中,混凝土和钢筋经过严格测试,较低的安全系数也是正当的。

2.混凝土中可容许的工作压力通常是抗压强度的三分之一,从而使保证金来弥补劣质混凝土在临界区发生的风险。

3.预应力减少风险,是由于混凝土在预应力操作期间产生的应力可能是其抗压强度的50%到75%。

今天,预应力混凝土被应用于建筑物,地下结构,电视塔,浮动储藏器和海上结构,电站,核反应堆容器和包括拱形桥和斜拉桥在内的各种桥梁系统当中。

这说明了预应力概念的多方面适应性以及对它的广泛应用。

所有这些结构的发展和建造的成功都是由于材料技术的进步,尤其是预应力钢和在估计预应力长期和短期损失方面积累的知识。

钢筋钢筋是一种极好的建筑材料。

与其他材料相比,钢筋有着较高的抗拉强度。

尽管在体积上是木材的十倍以上。

钢筋有着较高的弹性模量,因此在荷载下容易发生小的变形。

到目前为止所描述的钢筋的特性只适用于温度保持在70F上下的情况,大约从30F到110F。

这个温度区间覆盖了大多数结构的运行状况,但搞清楚当温度远远超出正常水平时所发生的情况仍然非常重要。

土木工程专业英语课后翻译

土木工程专业英语课后翻译

一.1.受压构件是只承受轴向压力的结构构件。

Compression members are those structural elements that are subjected only to axial compressive forces.2.公式1.1要成立,构件必须是弹性的并且其两端能自由转动但不能横向移动。

For Eq.1.1 to be valid,the member must be elastic,and it's ends must be free to rotate but not translate laterally.3.临界荷载有时被称为欧拉荷载或欧拉屈服荷载。

The critical load is sometimes referred to as the Euler load or the Euler buckling load.4.图1.2中的应力-应变曲线不同于延性钢的应力-应变曲线,因为它有明显的非线性区域。

The stress-strain curve in Fig.1.2 is differet from the ones for ductile steel because it has a pronounced region of nonlinearity.5.其他因素,像焊接和冷弯,都能影响残余应力,但冷却过程是残余应力的主要来源。

Other factors,such as welding and cold bending to create curvature in a beam, can contribute to be the residual stress,but the cooling process is the chief source.二1。

作用在结构上的力被称为荷载The forces that act on a structure are called loads.2.恒载就是固定不变的荷载,包括结构自身的重量。

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专业英语课后翻译参考Unit12、词组翻译(1)受弯构件(2)临界屈曲荷载(3)长细比(4)短柱(5)折减模量(6)effective length (7)residual stress(8)trial and error approach (9)radius of gyration(10)tangent modulus3、英译汉(1)This ideal state is never achieved in reality, however, and some eccentricity of the load is inevitable.在现实中,这种理想状态从来没有达到,然而,一些荷载偏心是不可避免的(2)In many instances the members are aslo called upon to resist bending, and in these cases the member is a beam-column.在许多情况下,需要构件能够抵抗弯矩,并在这些情况下,构件是梁柱。

(3)If the member is so slender that the stress just before buckling is below the proportional limit---that is, the member is still elastic---the critical buckling load is given by Q.如果该构件是是细长,则在屈曲前应力就低于比例限制---也就是说,该构件仍然是弹性---由公式Q 给出该临界屈曲荷载。

(4)The ratio L/r is the slenderness ratio and is the measure of a compression member’s slenderness, with large values corresponding to slender members.L/r 是长细比,是衡量受压构件的长细的一种方法,对于细长的构件它具有较大值。

(5)If the stress at which buckling occurs is greater than the proportional limit of the material, the relation between stress and strain is not linear,and the modulus of elasticity E can no longer be used.如果在构件发生屈曲时应力的大小超过了材料的比例极限,应力与应变之间的关系不是线性的,弹性模量E的不能再使用(6)If the member is more stocky, as the one in Fig.1.1b, a larger load will be required to bring the member to the point of instability.如果构件更为粗壮,就像图1.1b所示的,那么需要更大的荷载来使构件产生失稳。

(7)The tips of the flanges, for example, cool at a faster rate than the junction连接of the flange and the web. This uneven cooling induces stresses that remain permanently.例如,轮缘的尖部比轮缘的结合部以及中部冷却的速度更快。

这种不均匀冷却引起的应力会长久的存在。

(8)In 1947, F.R.Shanley resolved the apparent inconsistencies in the original theory, and today the tangent modulus formula, Eq.1.3, is accepted as the correct one for inelastic buckling. 1947年,FRShanley解决原有理论的明显的矛盾,所以现在切线模量计算公式 1.3,作为非弹性屈曲正确公式是被人所接受的。

(9)The composite curve, called a column strength curve, completely describes the stability of any column of a given material.复合曲线,称为柱强度曲线,完全描述了任何一个给定的材料柱的稳定性。

(10)Since it is virtually impossible to construct a frictionless pin connection, even this support condition can only be closely approximated at best.实际上几乎不可能设计一个无摩擦的连接,甚至此支撑条件也充其量只能达到近似。

5、汉译英(1)page1,pa1,line1 (2)page2,line4(3)page2,line8 (4)page3,line2(5)page3,line11Unit22、词组翻译(1)横截面(2)弯矩(3)活荷载(4)重力(5)建筑规范(6)functional design (7)nonstructural components (8)nonprofit organization (9)the Uniform Building Code (10)the Standard Building Code3、英译汉(1)The structural design of buildings ,whether of structural steel(结构钢) or reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土),requires the determination of the overall proportions(整体比例) and dimensions of the supporting framework(支撑结构) and the selection of the cross sections of individual members.建筑的结构设计,不论是用结构钢还是用钢筋混凝土材料,都要决定其整体比例和支撑结构的大小,以及选择单个构件的截面尺寸。

(2)The architect decides how the building should look; the engineer must make sure that it doesn’t fall down.建筑师决定建筑物的外观,结构工程师必须保证它不会倒塌。

(3)A good design requires the evaluation of several framing plans(框架平面图)-that is, different arrangements of members and their connections.一个好的设计,要求要评估不同的框架平面图,也就是说,对构件和它们之间的连接可进行不同的布置。

(4)Before any analysis, however, a decision must be made on the building material to be used ;it will usually be reinforced concrete ,structural steel ,or both.然而,在做任何分析之前,必须决定建筑物的使用材料,通常可以是钢筋混凝土,结构钢,或者两者公用。

(5)All of the loads mentioned thus far(目前为止) are forces due to gravity and are referred to as gravity loads.目前为止所提到的荷载,均是由于重力而产生的,或者被当作是重力荷载。

(6)If the load is applied and removed many times over the life of the structure ,fatigue stress(疲劳应力) becomes a problem ,and we must account for its effects.若果荷载在结构寿命里被多次应用并撤除,则疲劳应力就会成为问题,我们必须考虑它的影响。

(7)Since lateral loads(侧向荷载) are most detrimental(对有害) to tall structures ,wind loads are usually not as important for low buildings, but uplift(浮托力) on light roof systems(屋顶体系) can be critical.由于侧向荷载对高层建筑物最有害,因此,对于低层建筑物风荷载通常都是不重要的,但是浮托力对屋顶体系却是至关重要的。

(8)A structural analysis of the effects of an earthquakerequires an analysis of the structure’s response to the ground motion produced by the earthquake分析地震对结构的作用,需分析由于地震而引起的相应的地面运动。

(9)Other types of live load are often treated as separate categories ,such as hydrostatic pressure(液体静压力) and soil pressure其他类型的活载通常被当作独立的类别,例如液体静压力和土压力。

(10)Although some large cities write their own building codes ,many municipalities(自治市) will adopt a “model”(典型)building code and modify it to suit their particular needs.虽然有些大城市编写了自己的建筑规范,但是许多自治市仍然采用典型的建筑规范,即修改建筑规范以适应他们的特殊需求。

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