华南理工大学2018年《868经济学(含宏观、微观)》考研专业课真题试卷
华南理工大学868经济学(含宏观、微观)2018年考研初试真题
第2页
华南理工大学
考研专业课初试真题
硕士研究生入学考试ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้业课初试真题
868 华南理工大学
2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回） 科目名称：经济学(含宏观、微观) 适用专业：区域经济学；金融学；产业经济学；国际贸易学；数量经济学
共页
一、名词解释（每题 6 分，共 30 分） 1.规模经济与范围经济 2.绝对优势与比较优势 3.失业率与劳动力参与率 4.名义 GDP 与真实 GDP 5.GDP 紧缩指数与消费者价格指数
二、分析题（每题 10 分，共 60 分） 1.利用显示偏好理论，作图分析养老金指数化的福利影响。 2.什么是帕累托有效？帕累托效率的三个条件是什么？ 3.举例说明现实中的“公地悲剧”现象及分析其根本原因。 4.为什么政府转移支付和证券投资收益不计入 GDP？ 5.什么是自然失业率？其影响因素有哪些？ 6.北京时间 2017 年 4 月 27 日，美国公布了 1986 年以来力度最大的减 税计划：美国联邦企业所得税税率从 35%下调至 15%，个人所得税级 数从 7 级减至 3 级，最高税率从 39.6%降至 35%，试用 AD-AS 分析框 架分析美国减税的政策效应。
第 1页
三、计算题（第 1 题 12 分，第 2 题 8 分，共 20 分） 1.假设：小麦需求函数为 QD =35.5 2.66P ，供给函数为 QS =18+2.4P ， 为了保护农场主利益，政府设定最低价格为 3.7 元，并按此价格收购市 场上剩余小麦。 （1）求政府收购的小麦数量。 （2）求消费者剩余变动量。 （3）求生产者剩余变动量。 （4）求政府的成本。 2.某商品市场需求曲线为 P 100 2Q ，市场有 2 个厂商，其总成本函 数都为TC(q) 4q ，q 为厂商生产数量。 （1）求古诺均衡解。 （2）求厂商 1 为领导者，厂商 2 为追随者的斯塔克尔伯格解（产量领 导）。
华南理工大学经济与贸易学院868经济学(含宏观、微观)参考书目及真题分析【圣才出品】
（1）华南理工大学经济与贸易学院868经济学（含宏观、微观）参考书目及真题分析
一、参考书目
根据华南理工大学研究生院招生信息，华南理工大学经济与贸易学院“868经济学（含宏观、微观）”参考书目为：
1．范里安《微观经济学：现代观点》（第九版），格致出版社2015年（主要参考书）；
2．多恩布什《宏观经济学》（第十版），中国人民大学出版社2009年（主要参考书）；
3．平新乔《微观经济学十八讲》，北京大学出版社2008年；
4．巴罗《宏观经济学：现代观点》，格致出版社2008年。
需要提醒考生注意的是，指定的参考书目，重点是前面两本教材，即：范里安《微观经济学：现代观点》和多恩布什《宏观经济学》。
对于跨专业的考生，推荐前期先看高鸿业《西方经济学（微观部分）》和高鸿业《西方经济学（宏观部分）》。
二、真题分析
通过研究华南理工大学经济与贸易学院“868经济学（含宏观、微观）”历年考研真题，可以发现，该考试科目试卷呈现如下特征：
1．名词解释有一定特色，要掌握答题方法
历年考研真题，名词解释考题非常有特色：比较两个有关系的概念，如收入效应与替代效应。
像这种类型的考题，建议考生作答时，先分别介绍这两个概念，然后介绍两者的关系。
2．历年考题跟其他高校考题相似度很高
华南理工大学“868经济学（含宏观、微观）”历年考题跟其他高校历年考题相似度很
高，甚至有部分重题。
因此，考生强化、冲刺阶段应多做考题，包括其他院校历年考题，强烈推荐看多恩布什《宏观经济学》名校考研真题详解等教辅图书。
2018年华南理工大学研究生入学考试专业课真题871_毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论
871华南理工大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论适用专业：马克思主义基本原理；马克思主义中国化研究；中国近现代史基本问题研究共 2 页一、名词解释（每小题8 分，共40 分）1、清末“新政”2、第二条战线3、新民主主义革命的总路线4、“两条腿走路”的思想5、四大考验二、辨析题（每小题10 分，共40 分）1、抗日民族统一战线中的“顽固势力”是指以汪精卫为首的亲日派。
2、毛泽东思想活的灵魂是实事求是、群众路线、党的建设。
3、党的领导是社会主义民主政治的本质和核心要求。
4、处理好政府与市场关系，实际上就是要处理好在资源配置中市场与政府哪个起决定性作用这个问题。
三、问答题（每小题10 分，共40 分）1、简述抗日战争胜利的历史原因。
2、简述中国梦的内涵及其实现路径。
3、简述如何正确处理全面深化改革的重大关系。
4、简述中国坚持走和平发展道路的根据和意义。
四、材料分析题（每小题15 分，共30 分）1、材料在湖南，我视察了五个县份的农民组织和政治状况，并作了报告，主张在农民运动方面采取新路线。
次春初旬，当我抵武汉时，那里正在举行各省农民代表会议，我就去参加并讨论建议我的主张，即实行广泛的土地分配。
大会决议把我的建议提交共产党第五次大会。
但党中央将它否决了。
当第五次大会于一九二七年在武汉召开时，党还是在陈独秀的把持之下，他不顾一切地反对，还是坚持他的右倾机会主义小资产阶级的政策。
当时我对于党的政策非常不满。
今日之下，我想假若当时农民运动能更彻底地组织和武装起来作反地主的阶级斗争，那么现在的情势就要大大地不同了。
中国苏维埃的势力必定较现在大为强盛。
可是陈独秀不同意我的见解。
他不了解农民在革命中的任务，并将当时农民的前途估计过低，因此，在大革命危机前夜召开的第五次大会上，不能通过一个适当的土地政策。
2018年华南理工大学研究生入学考试专业课真题831_社会保障学
...
831
华南理工大学
2021年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷〔试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回〕科目
名称：社会保障学
适用专业：社会保障
共1页一、名词解释〔每题10 分，共计50 分〕
1、?贝弗里奇报告?
2、强制储蓄型模式
3、农村五保制度
4、现收现付式
5、企业年金
二、简答题〔每题17 分，共计 51 分〕
1、社会保障制度在经济领域的调节功能有哪些？
2、社会保障与家庭政策有何关系？
3、在医疗保险中政府一般承担哪些责任？
三、论述题〔共计49 分〕
在我国一些老人与子女同住，帮其照看子女，分担家务，试结合十九大相关精神、
用社会保障相关理论分析这种养老模式的利弊。
第1页
...。
2021年华南理工大学868经济学(含宏观微观) 考研试题(回忆版)
2021年华南理工大学868经济学（含宏观、微观）考研试题（回忆版）【本试题由热心网友“牛牛不吃窝边草”回忆，在此表示非常感谢，祝好人一生平安】一、名词解释1.收入效应与替代效应2.规模经济与范围经济3.占优策略与纳什均衡4..自然失业率与潜在产出 5.费雪效应与货币数量方程二、简答题1.市场失灵是什么，在竞争条件下市场失灵的原因是什么2.垄断竞争市场和寡头垄断市场特点的异同 3.逆向选择是什么，有什么解决途径 4.请运用弹性理论解释“薄利多销” 5.。
这个暂时不记得了，想起来再补充6.央行的货币政策工具有哪些？怎么用其来提高货币供应量三、计算题1.已知供给需求函数，（1）计算均衡价格、产量，消费者剩余生产者剩余（2）假若ZF征收每单位1元的从量税，均衡价格、产量怎么变化（3）ZF税收收入是多少，无谓损失多少2. IS-LM模型的计算题，提供了一些参数C=c+aYd, i ,c , g , t (1)推导IS 、LM曲线(2)均衡收入、均衡利率，投资(3)若ZF支出g=100 增加到120，均衡的收入、利率、投资 (4)是否存在挤出效应四、论述题什么是潜在GDP增长率？一国潜在GDP增长率的影响因素是什么？十年前，我国潜在GDP率保持9%，但有人认为我国潜在GDP增长率正进入下降阶段，请结合理论与中国实际谈谈你的看法。
（这个题目算是热点问题，答案可以参考2021年人大宏观经济论坛第三季度报告）相关链接：华南理工大学考研专业课高分必备指南华南理工大学各学院真题汇总华南理工大学各学院硕士研究生招生专业目录汇总华南理工大学考研研究生报录比华南理工大学硕士研究生入学考试完全备考手册公共课（政治、英语、数学）下载感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
2018年华南理工大学研究生入学考试专业课真题828_电气工程综合
A‘，、6，’－r飞zu 。
8288华南理工大学 6.在纯电感负载作星形连接的三相对称电路中，电源线电压为380V，各相电感的J惑2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一向交回）科目名称：电气工程综合适用专业F电机与电器：、电力系统及其自动化：高电压与绝缘技术：电力电子与电力传动；电工理论与新技术共5页一、填空题〈每题5 分，共60分〉抗XL=22Q，则三相负载的无功功率大小为（）。
7. 图5 所示电路中，己知u( t )= (100 + 80v'2-cos(mt + 30°) + 18y2cos(3mt)] V , R=6kQ,(J)L=2kQ，土＝18kQ，则电压表的读数为（〉。
CtJC2 kQl.图l所示电路的输入电阻为（〉。
R L2 A Jc图l 图22.图2所示电路中，元件A吸收的功率为〈）。
3. 图3 所示电路原已稳定，在t = O 瞬间将开关S 闭合，则i( OJ = C＋2 {li(t) E 也I H2 0图3图44.图4所示电路中，己知U8 = 2L0°V ,R =X l = Xe=l Q，则电压表的读数为l5.有一交流信号源，电动势E=120V，内阻Ro=800Q，通过理想变压器给I 值为8 Q 的电阻供电，则此电阻可获得的最大功率为（第 1 页图5 图68.图6所示电路中，运算放大器为理想运放，则电流i=(）。
9.一般来说，同步电机的运行状态包括（①）、（②〉和（＠）；汽轮发电机常采用（④〉结构，而低速、大容量的水轮发电机常采用（@)j 结构。
10.谐波的定义为（①〉，电流谐波总畸变率THDi的定义为（＠）。
单相桥式全控整流电路、三相桥式全控整流电路和移相30°串联2重联结电路输入电涮的最低谐波次数分别为（＠）、（④〉和（⑤）。
11.在各种负荷曲线中，日负荷曲线常用于（①）和（②），年最大负同曲线常用于〈＠）和l(④），年持续负荷曲线中最大负荷利用小时数的定义为（＠〉。
2018年华南理工大学研究生入学考试专业课真题826_工程热力学
826华南理工大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：工程热力学适用专业：工程热物理；动力机械及工程；动力工程(专硕)共页一、概念辨析（每题7 分，共42 分）1、状态参数与过程量；2、平衡状态与稳定状态；3、技术功与体积（变化）功；4、理想气体与实际气体；5、压缩因子与临界压力比；6、压气机的等温效率与绝热效率二、综合题（每题10 分，共40 分）1、理想气体的多变过程是如何定义的？请在同一p-v 图和同一T-s 图上分别画出理想气体的四个典型过程（定容、定压、定温和定熵），并把满足以下要求的理想气体多变过程在这两个图上分别对应表示出其大致位置，同时给出每个过程的多变指数范围。
1）工质升温且降压；2）工质压缩且降压；3）工质升温且放热。
2、若某压气机的压缩过程可视为绝热的，请利用T-s 图分析过程的不可逆性对压气机性能的影响，并示意性画出其不可逆性导致的做功能力的损失。
设环境温度为T0 。
3、请在T-s 图上表示内燃机的理想混合加热循环，并导出其热效率计算公式（要求公式中的变量均为无量纲比参数），设工质是比热为定值的理想气体。
4、若环境空气处于某一未饱和湿空气状态A，其对应结露时状态和饱和状态分别为B 和C，请在p-v 图和T-s 图上定性地对应表示出这三个状态点，并说明什么是露点。
a ⎫ 2 1 三、证明题（12 分） 已知范德瓦尔气体状态方程式为：⎛ p + 2 ⎪(v - b ) = R g T ，试证明对于这种气体有 du = c v dT + a dv 。
⎝v ⎭ v四、简算题（每题 9 分，共 27 分）1、某柴油机用压缩空气启动，压缩空气装在容积为V = 0.04m 3的气罐内，柴油机启动前后，气罐上的压力表读数分别为 p e 1 = 10.5MPa 和 p e 2 = 0.5MPa 。
启动前后 罐内空气的温度与环境接近，均可设为 t = 27℃，其气体常数为 R g = 287J / (kg .K ) ， 绝热指数 k = 1.4 ，请估算启动过程的耗气量。
2018年华南理工大学研究生入学考试专业课真题870_英语语言文学综合
870华南理工大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：英语语言文学综合适用专业：外国语言文学共 6 页Part OneFundamentals of Linguistics and Literature (外国语言学及应用语言学和英语语言文学考生共答部分)I.Define the following terms in your own words（20 points）1.Turn-taking2.Validity3.Modernism4.IronyII．Answer the following questions（40 points）1.The Australian linguist Halliday considers language as having three main functions.Please specify these three functions.2.What are homophones? Please give two pairs of examples.3.What is narration? Can you support your answer with examples?4.What is stream of consciousness? Please explain it with an example from a literarytext you’ve read.Part TwoTest for Students of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics(外国语言学及应用语言学考生必答部分)I．Discuss and comment on the following topics（40 points）petence and performance2.Error and mistake3.The relationship between pragmatics and semantics4.In Hymes’ view, learning language is learning to perform certain functions.II．Analyze the language data according to the requirements（50 points）1.Read the following two passages, and analyze the varieties of language use and thedifferent perspectives on language in an essay of about 250 words. Please back up your idea with the related linguistic theories. (25 points)Passage A：A living language is continually changing, even in a small community. Usually, linguistic changes take place so slowly that it is only by looking back over at least several decades that one can detect changes. The most obvious changes in the language of a large, sophisticated community occur in the field of vocabulary, for in such a community new words are constantly being created and old words discarded.(D. Ward, The Russian Language Today)Passage B：Hampshire: Am I right in thinking − you must correct me if I’m wrong − that your studies of language have led you to the conclusion that there are certain …common … underlying structures common to all languages which constitute something like a universal grammar?Chomsky: Yes. It seems to me that the evidence available to us suggests that there must be some very deep … inborn principles, probably of a highly restrictive nature that determine how knowledge of a language emerges in an individual given the very scattered and degenerate data available to him.Hampshire: Your evidence is derived really from learning, the study of learning language?Chomsky: It seems to me that if you want to study learning in a serious way, what one really has to do is to study a sort of input-output situation. We have an organism of which we know nothing; we know what kind of data is available to it; we can discover that; and the first question we must then try to answer is: what kind of a mental structure does the organism develop when that evidence is presented to it?2.Read and compare the following two passages, and analyze the linguistic structuresand styles in an essay of about 250 words. (25 points)Passage C：We, the peoples of the U. N., determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the humanperson, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.（The Charter of the United Nations）Passage D：He stepped into the stream. It was a shock. His trousers clung tight to his legs. His shoes felt the gravel. The water was a rising cold shock.…His mouth dry, his heart down, Nick reeled in. He had never seen so big a trout. There was a heaviness, a power not to be held, and then the bulk of him, as he jumped. He looked as broad as a salmon.Nick’s hand was shaky. He reeled in slowly. The thrill had been too much. He felt, vaguely, a little sick, as though it would be better to sit down.(Ernest Hemingway, Big Two-Hearted River)Part ThreeTest for Students of English Language and Literature(英语语言文学考生必答部分)I．Discuss and comment on the following topics（40 points）ment on Hemingway (Code) Heroes.ment on Oedipal Complex in literature.ment on the importance of interior monologue in any literary text written by afemale writer.ment on realism and its significance in literary history.II．Analysis and appreciation（50 points）1.Analyze the following passage from Moby Dick (1851), written by Herman Melville (1819-1891), in an essay of no less than 250 words. (25 points)Now, when I say that I am in the habit of going to sea whenever I begin to grow hazy about the eyes, and begin to be over conscious of my lungs, I do not mean to have it inferred that I ever go to sea as a passenger. For to go as a passenger you must need to have a purse, and a purse is but a rag unless you have something in it. Besides, passengers get sea-sick- grow quarrelsome- don't sleep of nights- do not enjoy themselves much, as a general thing;- no, I never go as a passenger; nor, though I am something of a salt, do I ever go to sea as a Commodore, or a Captain, or a Cook. I abandon the glory and distinction of such offices to those who like them. For my part, I abominate all honorable respectable toils, trials, and tribulations of every kind whatsoever. It is quite as much as I can do to take care of myself, without taking care of ships, barques, brigs, schooners, and what not. And as for going as cook,- though I confess there is considerable glory in that, a cook being a sort of officer on ship-board- yet, somehow, I never fancied broiling fowls;- though once broiled, judiciously buttered, and judgmatically salted and peppered, there is no one who will speak more respectfully, not to say reverentially, of a broiled fowl than I will. It is out of the idolatrous dotings of the old Egyptians upon broiled ibis and roasted river horse, that you see the mummies of those creatures in their huge bake-houses the pyramids.No, when I go to sea, I go as a simple sailor, right before the mast, plumb down into the fore-castle, aloft there to the royal mast-head. True, they rather order me about some, and make me jump from spar to spar, like a grasshopper in a May meadow. And at first, this sort of thing is unpleasant enough. It touches one's sense of honor, particularly if you come of an old established family in the land, the Van Rensselaers, or Randolphs, or Hardicanutes. And more than all, if just previous to putting your hand into the tar-pot, you have been lording it as a country schoolmaster, making the tallest boys stand in awe of you. The transition is a keen one, I assure you, from a schoolmaster to a sailor, and requires a strong decoction of Seneca and the Stoics to enable you to grin and bear it. But even this wears off in time.What of it, if some old hunks of a sea-captain orders me to get a broom and sweep down the decks? What does that indignity amount to, weighed, I mean, in the scales of the New Testament? Do you think the archangel Gabriel thinks anything the less of me, because I promptly and respectfully obey that old hunks in that particular instance? Who ain't a slave? Tell me that. Well, then, however the old sea-captains may order me about- however they may thump and punch me about, I have the satisfaction ofknowing that it is all right; that everybody else is one way or other served in much the same way- either in a physical or metaphysical point of view, that is; and so the universal thump is passed round, and all hands should rub each other's shoulder-blades, and be content.Again, I always go to sea as a sailor, because they make a point of paying me for my trouble, whereas they never pay passengers a single penny that I ever heard of. On the contrary, passengers themselves must pay. And there is all the difference in the world between paying and being paid. The act of paying is perhaps the most uncomfortable infliction that the two orchard thieves entailed upon us. But being paid, - what will compare with it? The urbane activity with which a man receives money is really marvelous, considering that we so earnestly believe money to be the root of all earthly ills, and that on no account can a monied man enter heaven. Ah! how cheerfully we consign ourselves to perdition!Finally, I always go to sea as a sailor, because of the wholesome exercise and pure air of the fore-castle deck. For as in this world, head winds are far more prevalent than winds from astern (that is, if you never violate the Pythagorean maxim), so for the most part the Commodore on the quarter-deck gets his atmosphere at second hand from the sailors on the forecastle. He thinks he breathes it first; but not so. In much the same way do the commonalty lead their leaders in many other things, at the same time that the leaders little suspect it. But wherefore it was that after having repeatedly smelt the sea as a merchant sailor, I should now take it into my head to go on a whaling voyage; this the invisible police officer of the Fates, who has the constant surveillance of me, and secretly dogs me, and influences me in some unaccountable way- he can better answer than anyone else. And, doubtless, my going on this whaling voyage, formed part of the grand programme of Providence that was drawn up a long time ago. It came in as a sort of brief interlude and solo between more extensive performances. I take it that this part of the bill must have run something like this:"Grand Contested Election for the Presidency of the United States."WHALING VOYAGE BY ONE ISHMAEL.""BLOODY BATTLE IN AFFGHANISTAN."Though I cannot tell why it was exactly that those stage managers, the Fates, put me down for this shabby part of a whaling voyage, when others were set down for magnificent parts in high tragedies, and short and easy parts in genteel comedies, and jolly parts in farces- though I cannot tell why this was exactly; yet, now that I recall all the circumstances, I think I can see a little into the springs and motives which being cunningly presented to me under various disguises, induced me to set about performing the part I did, besides cajoling me into the delusion that it was a choice resulting from my own unbiased freewill and discriminating judgment.Chief among these motives was the overwhelming idea of the great whale himself. Such a portentous and mysterious monster roused all my curiosity. Then the wild and distant seas where he rolled his island bulk; the undeliverable, nameless perils of the whale; these, with all the attending marvels of a thousand Patagonian sights and sounds, helped to sway me to my wish. With other men, perhaps, such things would not have been inducements; but as for me, I am tormented with an everlasting itch for things remote. I love to sail forbidden seas, and land on barbarous coasts. Not ignoring what is good, I am quick to perceive a horror, and could still be social with it- would they let me- since it is but well to be on friendly terms with all the inmates of the place one lodges in.By reason of these things, then, the whaling voyage was welcome; the great flood-gates of the wonder-world swung open, and in the wild conceits that swayed me to my purpose, two and two there floated into my inmost soul, endless processions of the whale, and, mid most of them all, one grand hooded phantom, like a snow hill in the air.2.Read the following Sonnet by William Shakespeare (1564-1616), and write an analytical essay in about 250 words. (25 points)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd:But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shadeWhen in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to thee.。