大学体验英语视听说教程第二册答案 2[教材]

大学体验英语视听说教程第二册答案 2[教材] 大学体验英语视听说教程第二册答案 2视听说期末复习Unit 1Questions1. What is this interview mainly about?It is about McDonald’s business lessons revealed by Paul.2. What was McDonald’s recently voted for?It was voted one of the best places to work.3. Aside from being the author of the book, what else do you know about Paul from the interview?He was a former McDonald’s Executive.4. Why did Paul decide to write a book for other business people and clients?He wanted to teach them business lessons because they lacked basic principles.5. What question is Paul constantly asked?"Tell me how you did it in McDonald's."Home listeningInternational business is a term used to collectively describe all commercial transactions (private and governmental, sales, investments, logistics, and transportation) that take place between two or more nations. Usually, private companies 1) undertake such transactions forprofit; governments for profit and for political reasons. It refers toall business activities which involve cross 2) border transactions of goods,services and resources between two or more nations. Transaction of economic resources include capital, skills, people, etc. forinternational production of physical goods, and services such as finance, banking, 3) insurance construction, etc.The increase in international business and in foreign 4) investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languagesand skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in 5) negotiation in an international arena astheir foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to 6) participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been 7) identified that undermine the negotiator’s position, two of which,in particular, are directness and 8) impatience. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. 9) In order to solidify the relationship, they may chooseindirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomesof negotiations and the success of negotiators. 10) For Americans to play a more effective role in internationalbusiness negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.Unit2T&FT 1.Sara Bongiorni lived a year without buying Chinese goods.F 2.Sara refused to buy “Made in China” products for political reasons.(It’s nothing against China)T 3.Sara didn’t replace the broken coffeemaker because all inexpensive ones came from China.F 4.Sara spent 35 dollars on a non-China pair of shoes. ( A non-China pair cost them 65 bucks )T 5.Normally Sara would not spend much money on sunglasses.Questions1. Why was CBS News invited to the factory?To convince America that China is cleaning up its toy making act.2. What can give consumers confidence?Good quality.3. How many times are supplies like paint checked?Three times4. How many toy manufactures were shut down?800.5. Who else is to blame for the use of cheaper lead paint?American companiesHome listeningToday’s leading Chinese brands must learn how to create and manage their brand value on a global scale. It is time for them to re-think their global brand 1) strategy, and follow the best practices of the world’s most powerful multi-nationalbrands. While we are still several years away from a Chinese brand appearing on Interbrand’s Best Global Brands, the lessons from the 2)annual ranking are clear — great brands knowtheir strengths and weaknesses and plot effective strategies to3)_sustain and improve their value in the future. With the downturn of the global economy, the transformation of the “Made in China” label and the acceptance of Chinese brandsoverseas can not be made 4) overnight. The first challenge is to improve the quality and safety of all Chinese products. The definition and enforcement of strict 5) standards and the active engagement in environmental protection is a social responsibility for any global player, and a pre-requisite for changing consumer 6) perceptions overseas.The Chinese government can play a very special role in these difficult times. Leadership means taking short term actions to spur 7)domestic demand and enhance the competitiveness of exports. But leadership also means creating a national agenda — like 8) innovationin Japan, design in Korea or engineering in Germany — that serves as a guiding light for Chinese companies eager to make their brand mark on global markets. Now is the 9) _critical moment for Chinese government and business leaders to consider the next stage of growth. This transformation must not only take place in areas such as technology, quality control and international cooperation, but in brand creation and brand management. Asian companies like Toyota, Sony, Samsung and Hyundai 10) which have already traveled the globalization path know that brand value is the key to unlocking shareholder value.Unit 3T&FT 1.A recent survey showed that average salaries in US companies have experienced the smallest increase this year in more than 30 years.T 2.If the boss doesn’t agree to a negotiated future raise, set a date for your next discussion.F 3.If the boss says that he can’t gi ve you money, ask for less work time.F 4.When talking with your boss about the salary raise, emphasize how hard you have been working.T 5.Showing your other offers to your boss would be a bad idea.Questions1. Does Lakshman Achuthan agree with the common definition of recession? Why?No, because he thinks “recession” is really a sequence of events. He believes it is necessary to look at the sequence of indicators to define recession.2. What are the consequences of falling wages?People can’t buy t hat much and sales fall. /People spend less and sales fall.3. How many people made jobless claims last week?400,0004. According to the reporter, what signs show that a recession is actually in process?Inflation is going up at the fastest rate in 17 years, while wages are not keeping up; and last week 400,000 people made jobless claims.5. What is Lakshman Achuthan’s opinion on the current economicsituation?It is in a shallow recession and there are no signs/foundations of a recovery.Home listeningGraduate unemployment has increased by 44% in 12 months and is nowat its 1) highest in 12 years, according to research released today.Some 7.9% of students who left university in 2008 were out of workin January, the Higher Education Careers Services Unit (HECSU) found, up from 5.5% the 2) previous year. HECSU warned the picture could be evenworse for those graduating this year. The last time levels of3)joblessness were so high was in 1995–96.The research found that 4) recruitment in the public sector bucked the downward graduate employment 5)_trend, with the number of graduates entering 6)_healthcare teaching and social work increasing.But 7) architecture and building graduates were hitparticularly badly, 8)_reflecting the slump in the construction industry, with unemployment nearly tripling from 2.9% in 2007 to 8.5% for those who left in 2008. The proportion of civil engineering graduates without a job increased from 2.4% to 7%.9) The proportion of graduates employed in business or financial work fell to 7.5%, compared with 8.7% the year before. And the number working as financial and investment advisers or mortgage consultants dropped 19%, with only 1,700 of the 220,065 graduates surveyed getting that kind of job, compared with 2,100 in 2007.10)_Among those who revealed how much they earned, the average salary was_,19,677 — up 2% from 2007. But Scotlandsaw a rise of 5.6%, to an average of ,19,953 — higher thanthe ,19,561 reported in the south-east, traditionally the highest-paid region after London.Unit 4T&FT 1.The smallest climate change can break the natural balance of the Great Barrier Reef.F 2.Turtles may be extinct in 14 years. ( and the turtle populationis in decline. In 40 years there may be none left.)F 3.A change of one or two degrees will not disturb the coralreef’s normal life. ( A change of just one or two degrees can wipe it out)F 4.Coral reefs can lower the temperature on hot days. ( If temperatures get too hot, coral responds by trying to change the weather.)T 5.The process of bleaching will eventually lead to the deathof the coral.Questions1. Why is the crown-of-thorns starfish one of the reef’sgreatest enemies?Because it can eat the coral alive.2. How many children can crown-of-thorns starfish produce every year?Six million3. What allows the starfish population to explode?Fertilizers from inland farms.4. How can we effectively control the number of crown-of-thorns starfish?Pick them off reef or inject them with poison.5. Why has the population of crown-of-thorns starfish decreased in recent years?Because the pollution levels have dropped.Home listeningThe study, from Stanford University in the United States, makes gloomy assessments about the future health of the world’s coral reefs. It finds that carbon dioxide 1)_emissions are making seawater so acidic that coral reefs could begin to disintegrate within a few 2)_decades._ The report states that even ambitious plans to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions, thought by many to be the main 3) cause of a warming climate, will not be enough to save the reefs. About a third of carbon emissions is soaked up by the world’s oceans, where it 4)_combines with seawater to form carbonic acid.The research comes as the Queensland state government in Australia5)_announces a new plan to protect the Great Barrier Reef from6)_agricultural pollution. The iconic reef is being damaged by pesticides and sediment from farms that seep into waterways. The Queensland government is to spend an 7)_extra $30,000,00 to reduce this hazardous run-off. Farmers also will face tougher 8)_environmental regulations. Queensland Premier Anna Bligh says that man-made threats present serious challenges to the reef, which is a world heritage site.Coral reefs are common in warm southern and equatorial oceans, and provide homes and feeding grounds for thousands of species, 9)_including fish that are important to the diets of millions of people in the developing world. In Asia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea are among the many countries that rely on reefs to provide food and to draw intourists eager to explore the ocean.Environmental groups welcome the Queensland plan to protect the Great Barrier Reef. 10)Farmers, however, argue that they have already taken significant steps to stop the spread of pollutants from their lands.Unit 5T&FF 1.Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, is now Co-Chair of the world largest education foundation. (is now Co-Chair of the world’s largest charitable foundation)F 2.Bill Gates was born on Oct.26th, 1995. ( Bill Gates was bornOct. 28th, 1955)F 3.Bill Gates’ father was a lawyer and his mother apolitician.( His mother was very engaged in public matters) T 4.In his childhood Bill Gates was smarter than most children.T 5.Card games at a young age helped Bill Gates develop a competitive spirit.Questions1. What career did Obama eventually decide to pursue?A career as a community organizer.2. What had troubled Obama for most of his life?Racism and poverty.3. Where did Obama move to work?The city's (Chicago) South Side.4. What did much of the struggle of people who had been left behind involve?Laws5. How did Obama pay his tuition in Harvard?By taking out hefty student loans.Home listeningA person’s motivation is combinat ion of desire and energy directed at achieving a goal. 1)influencing someone’smotivation means getting him or her to want to do what you know must be done.People can be motivated by beliefs, values, interests, fear, 2) worthy causes, and other such forces. Some of these forces are 3) internal, such as needs, interests, and beliefs. Others are external, such as danger, the environment, or 4) pressure from a loved one. There is no simple formula for motivation —you must keep an open viewpoint on human nature. There is a5)complex array of forces steering the direction of each person, and these forces cannot always be seen or studied. Also, if the same forces are steering two different people, each one will act differently. Knowing that different people react to different needs will 6) guide your decisions and actions in certain situations.As a leader you have the power to influence motivation. You should allow the needs of your people to coincide with the needs of your organization. Nearly all people are influenced by the need for job7)_security promotion, raises, and approval from their peers and leaders. Internal forces such as values, morals and ethics also influence them. Likewise, the organization needs good people in a wide variety of jobs. Ensure that your people are trained, 8)_encouraged, and provided the opportunity to grow. Ensure that the way you conduct business has the same values, morals and ethical principles that you seek in your people.9)_If you conduct business in a dishonest manner, your people will be dishonest to you.You should also reward good behavior. 10)_Although a certificate, letter or a thank you may seem small, they can be powerful motivators. The reward should be specific and prompt. Do not say, “for doing a good job.” Ci te the specific action that made you believe it was a good job. In addition, help yourpeople who are good. We all make mistakes or need help to achieve a particular goal.Unit 6T&FF 1.Mr. and Mrs. Scarola feel very lucky since both of them have tickets. (She got a ticket. He did not.)F 2.Many fans of Michael Jackson feel upset that they can’t enterthe Staples Center. (knowingthat I wasn’t going to get in, you know, just to be here for the atmosphere I love)T 3.The number of police officers is larger than at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.F 4.According to the police, the crowds outside the Staples Center are almost out of control.( The crowds have been respectful, they have been orderly, no issues with that …)F 5.Faithful fans of Michael Jackson have raised funds to help organize the memorial service.Questions1. How many soccer fans went to Germany to support their team for the last World Cup?Over 100,0002. How long did British fans stay in Germany to support their team?Three weeks.3. What are the major concerns of England fans about going to South Africa?High costs and security.4. What does Neil Maclaurin say about British fans?They are big followers of sports. /They are very passionate.5. Why did British fans travel to South Africa in June 2009?To support the Lions Rugby Team.Home listeningWe all know of cases where negative fan behavior has driven some athletes to perform at less than their best or perhaps even knock them completely out of a competition. “Athletes want to live up to a highpaying 1) contract as well as fan expectations. It is the same with Olympians who 2)strive to live up to expectations. Athletes may say they are immune to fans, but we know better. They are like teenagers who say they don’t care what their parents think,” said Daniel L.Wann, who heads the Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) SpecialInterest Group on Fandom.According to Wann, there has been a good deal of research on fansand their ability to pump up the home team or negatively 3) impact onthe visiting team. “Some athletes thrive underthis pressure and others don’t. This is where a sports psychology 4) consultant can help.” Wann has been studying the psychology of sports spectators since the mid 1980s, with a particular interest in fan identification (i.e., a fan’s psychological connection to a team), spectator 5) violence, and the actions of parents as spectators at youth sporting events.A Professor of Psychology at Murray State, Wann works with athletes, teaching them how to 6) address fan behavior. He helps them developtheir mental abilities, while the coaches focus on their physical skills. “The key is for 7) athletes to learn to compartmentalize what they pay attention to, to be able to tune out the fans but not the coaches. They need to be 8) selective between valuable information (from coaches or teammates) versus noise (from fans).”Just as athletes are involved in their sports for a variety of reasons, fans are motivated for different reasons. 9) It is important toremember that fans are driven by a variety of motives. You can’t paint them with one brush stroke. Some are driven by the entertainment of the sports, some want to see a good contest. 10) Some are there for social reasons, while others are there to see beautiful plays.Unit 7T&FT 1.For most Japanese retirement means the start of a second life.F 2.Many senior citizens in Japan continue working mainly due to labor shortage. (contribute to the society)F 3.People who work in government jobs usually retire at the age of55.(in their late 50s)F 4.Japan’s model can’t be applied to China due to different welfare systems. (can offer some suggestions to China )T 5.Senior citizens in China are suggested to find a new lifeafter retirement.Questions1.What percentage of China’ population are over 65,Over 8.3%2. How does Mrs. Zhou benefit from her stay at Sijiqing?Thanks to the therapy there，her leg problem has become better.3. Why was it not easy for Mrs. Zhou to get into Sijiqing?She had to wait for several years to get a spot because demand for a place there was so high.4. How many senior citizens Beijing want to live in a nursing home?Over 3oo,ooo5. According to the video, what is the ratio of nursing home beds to the senior population in China?1.6 to 100.Home listeningTraditionally, retirement communities and nursing homes have beenthe destination of senior citizens. But more and more older Americanswant to grow old in familiar 1) surroundings To them, the focus is on staying in their own homes and livingin a community with neighbors who have babies or school age children.It is a 2) trend called aging-in-place. But, many people recognize,to remain in their home as long as possible, they are going to need some help. So, they have joined a group called Capitol Hill Village.This is a fee-based organization aimed 3) primarily at seniorcitizens. Its executive director, Gail Kohn, organizes volunteers tohelp members, and if they need 4) additional services, she manages a referra l list of reliable 5) contractors. “We have a vendor and that vendor is going to provide a service and then we 6) arrange with the vendor to call our member,” she explains.Kohn coordinates volunteers and finds 7) reliable plumbers,electricians and other repairmen for her senior citizen members. “Weaim at helping them do what needs to be done in order for them to liveas 8) comfortably as possible.”Capitol Hill Village is one model of innovative programs designed to 9) allow senior citizens to remain in their homes and part of their communities. William Daroff of United Jewish Communities says, “10) Our older Americans can be seen as a great resource. If you look back at how we dealt with folks who were aging 20, 30 years ago, it wasn’t very creative, n ot very innovative. But today’s 70 year old is more like yesterday’s 50 year old.”Unit8T&FT1. You can find free safety software on the internet.F2. Viruses rarely change into new forms. (not rarely)T3. A stomach virus may make us lose a few pounds.F4. We can install spyware to avoid some computer problems.T5. A firewall can help us avoid some problems brought by the internet.Question1. What do we need to do when signing up for online services?Scan privacy policies.2. What should we do after making sure an e--mail is fake?Delete the message.3. When did spam comprise more than 80% of all sent email according to Symantec?In May 20084. What should we do after adding some highly rated anti-spam software?Update it as often as possible.5. Who can provide us with free spam filters?Our e-mail or internet service provider.Home listening1) Traditional computer viruses were first widely seen in the late 1980s, and they come about because of several factors.The first factor was the spread of personal computers (PCs). Priorto the 1980s, home computers were nearly non-existent or they were toys. Real computers were rare, and they were locked away for use by 2) experts. During the 1980s, real computers started to spread to businesses and homes because of the 3) popularity of the IBM PC (released in 1982) and the Apple Macintosh (released in 1984). By the late 1980s, PCs were widespread in businesses, homes and college 4) campuses.The second factor was the use of computer bulletin boards. People could dial up a bulletin board with a modem and download programs of all types. Games were extremely popular, and so were simple word 5) processor spreadsheets and other 6) productivity software. Bulletin boards led to the precursor of the virus known as the Trojan horse. A Trojan horse is a program with a cool-sounding name and 7) description, so it tricks people into downloading it. When you run the program, however, it does something “uncool” like erasing your disk. You thinkyou are getting a neat game, but it wipes out your system. Trojan horses only hit a small number of people because they are quickly discovered, the 8) infected programs are removed and word of the danger spreads among users.The third factor that led to the creation of viruses was the floppy disk. In the1980s, programs were small, 9) and you could fit the entire operating system, a few programs and some documents onto a floppy disk or two. Many computers did not have hard disks, so when you turned on your machine it would load the operating system and everything else from the floppy disk. 10) Virus authors took advantage of this to create the first self-replicating programs.。