中科大研究生综合英语听力材料及答案介绍
中国科学院大学研究生学位统考英语a分级考试真题及详解get11--6教案资料
中国科学院大学研究生学位统考英语A分级考试真题及详解G E T11-2007-6Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points)Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music. B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant. C. At the supermarket. D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen. B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier. B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator, C. A nurse. D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35 B. $3.50 C. $3.05 D. $30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch. B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer. B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man. Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee. B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity. B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat. B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a good night’s sleep:17. 1)___________________________________________18. 2)___________________________________________19. 3)___________________________________________20. 4)___________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive aneven deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordanceB. in line withC. in charge ofD. in response to with43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparkling PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can getrich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, theyhave noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up. Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6ْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees? Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it. These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。
国科大研究生听说教程听力原文 Unit 3
UNIT 35Tell MeAsking for and Giving InformationIntroductionYou live in a world of information. Every day you ask people something you don’t know and tell them something you know. So if you want to exchange information, you have to learnhow to ask and answer questions.A conversation often depends on questions to keep it going in a direction you want it to 5go. In most casual, friendly conversations between people of equal status, all participantsgenerally do similar amounts of asking and answering. In some situations, however, betweenhigher-status and lower-status people, such as a job interview, the higher-status speakerusually controls the direction of the conversation by asking most of the questions. Varioustechniques may be necessary to get different kinds of information from different people. Most 0people are very polite when they ask strangers about something. If you’re too direct, you mayappear to be rude. In any case, personal questions have to be expressed very politely. Thereare many opening gambits to start a conversation but you must appropriately use eachexpression and they are not all used in the same way.5Part One Listening InDavid: Hi, Kim!Kim: Oh hi, David!David: Uh listen, I was wondering if you could help me. Do you happen to know where 0there’s a good place to buy art supplies?Kim: I’m not really sure. Hey, let me think for a minute. Oh yeah, there’s that new place, Mixed Media—you know, it’s down on Main Street?David: Mm, I don’t know that store—exactly where on Main Street?Kim: Well, you know where the new vegetarian restaurant is—it’s right up the block.5David: Oh yes, I know where you mean now.Kim: Hey, I hope you don’t mind my asking, but are you taking up painting?David: (laughs) Are you kidding? I can’t paint! I’m just asking for my sister’s son. He’s really into it.Kim: Ah...oh, I see. Hey, are you still doing your photography? You’re really good at that.David: Yeah, that’s the one thing I really enjoy.Kim: Hey listen. This may sound like a dumb question, but can you get any good pictures on an automatic?David: No, no, no, now that’s a very interesting question. Automatics are OK, except forspecial effects, or stop action.5Kim: Oh, and it... listen, there’s something else I was wondering about—like, should you do all your own developing?David: Oh no! You don’t have to develop your own. You can get good prints if you send them out.Kim: No kidding! Could you tell me something more about it—like, if I was going to set up a 0darkroom, what would I really be using it for—what kind of equipment would I need?David: Oh well, you’d need your enlarger, and... and chemicals, but actually developing is only cheaper when you’re doing a lot of enlargements.Kim: Oh, I see. Can I ask if you’re making any money at it?David: (laughs) I’m making enough, and... well, it’s tax time, so that’s something I’d rather 5not talk about.Kim: (laughs) I really understand. Well, I got to be getting along now, so, so long!David: Bye!Part Two Better ListeningSection AKim: Have you seen the file on policy number H-124326?5George: No, I haven’t. Have you asked John for it? He’s been working on the H series since Monday.Kim: I’ve asked him. He hasn’t used it. I’ve been looking for that file all morning.George: Have you asked Anne?Kim: Yes, I’ve asked her too. George, have you been filing things again this week? I told you 0to leave the files alone.George: Well, yes, I have.Kim: Let me see what you’ve done.George: I’ve rearranged the files, see? I’ve moved these files to the top drawer, and I’ve put these in the bottom drawer.5Kim: No wonder I haven’t been able to find anything! You’ve messed up everything! It’s going to take me a month of Sundays to get it straightened out again.George: Oh, come on! I understand what I’ve done. It’s simple. I’ve put files we use all the time on the top. The files we don’t use as often come next, and the ones we never useare at the bottom.Kim: George, have you ever learned the alphabet?George: Sure.Kim: Why don’t you just follow the alphabet then, so the rest of us can understand what you’ve done?55Section BTell Me a Little About YourselfA: So, tell me a little about yourself.B: Gee—uh... I don’t know where to begin. What do you want to know?A: Well... Are you originally from around here?B: No, I’m originally from Chicago. I was born there and grew up there and went to school there. I moved here after I graduated from college. How about you?A: Me?B: Yes. Where are you from?5A: I was born right here in Los Angeles and lived here until I finished high school. Then I lived in Denver for several years and moved back here just a year ago.B: I see. How about your family?A: My family?B: Yes. Do you have any brothers or sisters?A: Uh-huh. I have a brother and two sisters. They all live in San Diego. How about you?B: I have a sister. She lives in Cleveland.A: By the way, what do you do?B: I’m a journalist. And you?A: I’m a dentist.5B: A dentist? That’s interesting.Part Four Comprehensive PracticeSection AR: Hello, Clarkson College. May I help you?S: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall semester.5R: Do you want a day or evening course?S: Well, it would have to be an evening course, since I work during the day.R: Uh-huh. Have you taken any courses in data processing?S: No.R: Oh, well, data processing is a prerequisite course. You have to take that course before you 0can take computer programming.S: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it’s not on Thursdays.R: Well... there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at seven.S: Just once a week?R: Yes, but that’s almost three hours—from seven to nine forty-five p.m.5S: Oh. Well, that’s all right. I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?5R: Mm… let me see...twelve weeks. You start the first week in September and finish... oh...just before Christmas. December twenty-first.S: And how much is the course?R: That’s three hundred dollars, and that includes the necessary computer time.S: Uh-huh. Ok. Uh...where do I register?R: Registration is on the second and third of September between six and nine p.m. inFrost Auditorium.S: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?R: Yes, that’s the one.S: Oh, I know how to get there. Uh, is there anything that I should bring with me?5R: No. Just your checkbook.S: Well, thank you so much.R: You’re welcome. Bye.S: Bye-bye.Section BFranco: Hey, Maria!Maria: Franco! I haven’t seen you for ages. Where’ve you been?Franco: In Florida. I just got back a couple of days ago. Hey, it’s great to see you. You look terrific. I like your hair that way.5Maria: Thanks. You’re looking good yourself.Franco: Are you going this way? I’ll walk with you. Here, let me carry those books for you.So what’ve you been up to? Are you still studying English?Maria: No, not this semester. I don’t have time.Franco: How about the people from our class? Do you ever see any of them?Maria: Yeah, I see Tomiko a lot. And Tony writes once in a while.Franco: Oh, yeah? How is he?Maria: He’s fine. He’s running his family’s restaurant now.Franco: That’s terrific. I bet he’s good at it. What about the others? What ever happened to that tall African woman who looked like a model?5Maria: Oh, you mean Jeannette Kaba?Franco: Yeah. Is she still around?Maria: I don’t know. I haven’t seen her since the course was over. She and her husband were talking about going back to the Ivory Coast, though?Franco: Gee, it’s great to see you.Maria: It’s nice to see you too. So what are you going to do now? Are you going to register at NYU again?Franco: No. I’m going to stay in New York for a little while and then I’m going back to Italy.。
中国科学院大学2010年6月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案详解
2010----6PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He has better hearing than others．B. He doesn't care what the woman may say.C. He is eager to know the news．D. He doesn't believe what the woman said.2. A. The camera is the latest style.B. The camera is multi-functional.C. The camera is small and fashionable．D. There's nothing new with the camera.3. A. She asks the man to postpone the invitation.B. She tells the man to take a raincoat with him.C. She refuses the invitation because it is raining hard.D. She wants the man to pay the dinner check.4. A. The manager will report to the company.B. The manager will make trouble for the man.C. The manager will get into trouble.D. The manager will fire the man.5. A. She's not courageous enough．B. She didn't have enough time．C. She was afraid of the monster.D. She didn't like the game.6. A. He's broke.B. He's sick.C. He's very tired.D. He has something to do at home．7. A. Stock trading is not profitable.B. The stock market is always unstable.C. Stock trading is easier than the man said.D. Stock trading is not as easy as the man thinks．8. A. James is warm-hearted.B. James is a car technician.C. James knows the woman's car very well.D. James is very skillful in car repairing．9. A. Jake would do stupid things like this.B. The man's conclusion is not based on facts．C. The man shouldn't be on a date with another girl.D. Jake didn't tell the man's girlfriend about his date.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks: At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk one10. A. In 1984. C. In 1992．B. In 1986. D. In 1996．11. A. Almost 25 billion dollars．B. Almost 2.5 billion dollars．C. Almost 25 million dollars．D. Almost 2.5 million dollars．12. A. Her family. B. Her mother. C. Her father. D. Herself.Mini-talk Two13. A. It covers an area of more than 430 hectares.B. It took more than 16 years to complete．C. The lakes and woodlands were all built by human labor.D. The two designers of the park were from Britain.14. A. 7 kilometers．B. 9 kilometers．C. 39 kilometers．D. 93 kilometers．15. A. Baseball, football and volleyball．B. Basketball, baseball and football.C. Basketball, football and hockey.D. Chess, baseball and table tennis．Section C (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below. （请在录音结束后把16-20 题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. The new exhibit is called “______.”(6 words)17. The Family of Man show was designed to express the connections that ______ . (3 words)18. The new exhibit was held at __________. (5 words)19. The new exhibit is divided into several parts: "Children of Man," "Family of Man," "Cities of Man," "Faith of Man"，and “____________”(3 words)20. The theme that comes out is really the unity of mankind that __________. (5 words)PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points）Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. If a country turned inward and insulated itself, the result would be a diminished standard of living.A. worshipedB. splitC. innovatedD. isolated22. The values and beliefs will dictate the direction of your pursuit as well as your life．A. ruleB. shapeC. alterD. complicate23. Studies have proved that smart people tend to be smart across different kinds of realms.A. realitiesB. fieldsC. occupationsD. courses24. Humans are beginning to realize that raising food animals contributes substantially to climate change．A. physicallyB. materiallyC. considerablyD. favorably25. This peer-reviewed journal has a specific emphasis on effective treatment of acute pain.A. urgentB. severeC. sternD. sensitive26. One way to maintain social stability is to crack down on crime while creating more jobs．A. clamp down onB. settle down toC. look down uponD. boil down to27. The city council decided to set up a school devoted exclusively to the needs of problem children.A. forcefullyB. externallyC. reluctantlyD. entirely28. City residents have a hard time trying to avoid contact with hazardous chemicals in daily life．A. dangerousB. prevalentC. novelD. invasive29. The most important aspect of maintaining a healthy diet is whether you can stick to it.A. insist onB. dwell onC. coincide withD. adhere to30. I tried to talk my daughter into dining out in a nearby restaurant that evening, but in vain.A. to my surpriseB. on her ownC. to no effectD. to some extentSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. We won't have safe neighborhoods unless we're always tough on drug criminals.A. toughB. roughC. thoroughD. enough32. The challenge for us is to engage these new states in building a more prosperous future.A. participateB. engageC. commitD. contribute33. Forty-five years of conflict and confrontation between East and West are now a thing of the past.A. convictionB. compatibilityC. collaborationD. confrontation34. Few people know the shape of the next century, for the genius of a free people defies prediction.A. deniesB. defiesC. repliesD. relies35. These countries are on the verge of concluding a free trade agreement to propel regional development.A. on the verge ofB. in the interest ofC. on the side ofD. at the expense of36. We‟ll continue along the road mapped out by our presidents more than seventy years ago.A. given outB. made outC. wiped outD. mapped out37. When you win, your errors are obscured；when you lose, your errors are magnified.A. expandedB. obscuredC. cultivatedD. exaggerated38. Although in her teens, the eldest daughter had to quit school to help provide for the family.A. provide forB. head forC. fall forD. go for39. Carbon footprint refers to the total set of greenhouse gases emissions caused by an organization.A. fingerprintB. footstepC. footprintD. blueprint40. There is no question that ours is a just cause and that good will prevail.A. vanishB. wanderC. witherD. prevailPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, l point each)Directions：There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 41-45 BAADA 46-50 CDBAC When people search online, they leave a trail that remains stored on the central computers of firms such as Google, Yahoo and Microsoft. Analyzing what we're looking for on the Web can offer a remarkable insight into our anxieties and enthusiasms. UK writer and Internet expert John Battelle wrote on his blog, “This can tell us extraordinary things about who we are and what we want as a culture” Google‟s experimental service Google Trends，for example, compares the numbers of people searching for different words and phrases from 2004 to the present. According to these graphs, sometimes people's interests are obviously driven by the news agenda: when the Spice Girls announce a reunion, there‟s an immediate rush to find out more about them. Other results are strikingly seasonal: people go shopping online for coats in winter and short pants in summer. The most fascinating possibility is that search data might help predict people‟s behavior. When we search online for a certain brand of stereo system, we are surely indicating we are more likely to buy that brand. Perhaps we search for a political candidate‟s name when we are thinking about voting fo r him or her. Maybe we even search for “stock market crash” or “recession” just before we start withdrawing from our investments. This information could clearly be useful to a smart marketer---it's already how Google decides which advertisements to show on its search results pages---or to a political campaign manager.41. A. investigation B. insight C. consideration D. prospect42. A. extraordinary B. obvious C. mysterious D. sensitive43. A. culture B. nation C. person D. mass44. A. reduced to B. resulting in C. backed up by D. driven by45. A. rush B. push C. charge D. dash46. A. presume B. preoccupy C. predict D. preserve47. A. liking B. alike C. like D. likely48. A. fighting against B. voting for C. believing in D. running for49. A. withdrawing from B. depositing in C. turning down D. adding to50. A. notices B. papers C. advertisements D. statementsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneNew York‟s WCBS put s it in a way that just can't be better expressed: “It was an accident waiting to happen.” 15-year-old Alexa Longueira was wandering along the street in Staten Island, obliviously tapping text messages into her phone as she walked. Distracted by her phone, she failed to notice the open manhole（下水道容井）in her path, and plunged into it, taking an unprepared bath of raw sewage along with receiving moderate injuries. Longueira called the dive “really gross, shocking and scary.” It‟s not all Longueira‟s fault. The manhole shouldn‟t have been left uncovered and unattended, and no warning signs or hazard cones had been set up near the work site. A worker with New York‟s Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), who was preparing to flush the sewage, helped her out, and the department later issued a formal apology for the incident. Nonetheless, observers are harshly divided over who is to blame here. The DEP is certainly at fault for failing to secure the manhole, but to what extent should the girl be held accountable for failure to be aware of her surroundings? If she had stepped into traffic and been hit by a car, would her reaction (that is: anger and a potential lawsuit) be any different? Detachment from one‟s environment due to electronic gadgets is a growing problem 一and a hazardous(有危险的；冒险的；碰运气的) one. The government is even trying to get involved; with multiple laws on the books across the country outlawing cell phone use and text messaging while operating a motor vehicle in the wake of serious accidents involving distracted drivers. New York Senator Kruger even tried to criminalize the use of handheld devices (including phones, music players, and game players) by pedestrians while they are crossing streets in major New York cities, due to concerns over the number of auto vs. pedestrian accidents. Following a substantial outcry, that legislation appears never to have been formally introduced. But did Kruger have a point? What interested me, at least, is the end of the story above that Longueira lost a shoe in the sewage. But since other things are not reported as lost, I'm guessing she appears to have managed to keep her grip on her phone during the accident.51. By “It was an accident waiting to happen”, New York‟s WCBS meant that _________.A. the accident should have been avoidableB. this kind of accidents happen frequentlyC. somebody was glad to see what would happenD. an open manhole is sure a trap for careless pedestrians52. When the girl fell into the open manhole, she _________.A. was seriously hurtB. was frightenedC. took a bath in the raw sewageD. cried help to the DEP worker53. According to the author, who was to blame for the accident?A. The girl herself.B. The DEP worker.C. Both A and BD. Nobody.54. According to the passage, which of the following is illegal in the US?A. Talking on a cell phone while driving.B. Text messaging while walking across a street.C. Operating music players while drivingD. Operating game players while walking across a street.55. The phrase “in the wake of ” (Para.5) is closest in meaning to “___________”.A. in view ofB. on condition ofC. as far asD. with regard to56. The author found it funny that the girl had __________.A. lost a shoe in the sewage in the accidentB. reported nothing lost after the accidentC. got a firm hold of her phone during the accidentD. managed to keep herself upright in the manholePassage TwoAccording to a study, intellectual activities make people eat more than when just resting. This has shed new light on brain food. This finding might also help explain the obesity epidemic of a society in which people often sit. Researchers split 14 university student volunteers into three groups for a 45-minute session of either relaxing in a sitting position, reading and summarizing a text, or completing a series of memory, attention, and alert tests on the computer. After the sessions, the participants were invited to eat as much as they pleased. Though the study involved a very small number of participants, the results were stark. The students who had done the computer tests downed 253 more calories or 29.4 percent more than the couch potatoes. Those who had summarized a text consumed 203 more calories than the resting group. Blood samples taken before, during, and after revealed that intellectual work causes much bigger fluctuations in glucose （葡萄糖）levels than rest periods, perhaps owing to the stress of thinking. The researchers figure the body reacts to these fluctuations by demanding food to restore glucose 一the brain's fuel. Glucose is converted by the body from carbohydrates（碳水化合物）and is supplied to the brain via the bloodstream. The brain cannot make glucose and so needs a constant supply. Brain cells need twice as much energy as other cells in the body. Without exercise to balance the added intake, however, such “brain food” is probably not smart. Various studies in animals have shown that consuming fewer calories overall leads to sharper brains and longer life, and most researchers agree that the findings apply, in general, to humans. And, of course, eating more can make you fat. “Caloric overcompensation following intellectual work, combined with the fact that we are less physically active when doing intellectual tasks, could contribute to the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries,” said lead researcher Jean-Philippe Chaput at Laval University in Quebec City, Canada. “This is a factor that should not be ignored, considering that more and more people hold j obs of an intellectual nature,” the researcher concluded.57. The passage mainly tells us that _________.A. consuming fewer calories can lead to sharper brainsB. thinking consumed more calories than restingC. resting more can make people fatD. brain cells need more energy than other cells in the body58. It is implied that to avoid obesity, people who have to sit long should__________.A. think more and eat lessB. increase the intake of vitaminsC. skip some mealsD. eat less potatoes59. The word “stark” in the 3rd paragraph is closest in meaning to “_________”.A. negativeB. obscureC. absoluteD. ambiguous60. According to the research, which of the following activities consumed the most calories?A. Relaxing in a sitting position.B. Reading professional books.C. Summarizing a text.D. Completing tests on the computer.61. According to the passage，eating less may make people __________.A. smarterB. less intelligentC. more emotionalD. live a shorter life62. One of the reasons for the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries is that in these countries __________.A. people take different exercisesB. fewer people watch their weightC. fewer people hold physical jobsD. foods are much cheaperPassage ThreeOne of the simple pleasures of a lazy summer day is to be able to enjoy a refreshing slice of watermelon either at the beach, at a picnic, or fresh from the farmer's market．Delicious and nutritious, watermelon is one of those guilt-free foods we can all enjoy: one cup of watermelon packs only about 50 calories！Watermelons are not only cooling treats for when the mercury starts to rise; they are also loaded with healthy nutrients such as vitamin A, （vitamin C, lycopene 番茄红素）and etc. Vitamins A and C and lycopene are antioxidants, which are substances that work to help get rid of the harmful effects of substances. Research has suggested that a diet high in fruits and vegetables that have plenty of antioxidants can reduce the risk of heart disease, some cancers, and some other dangerous diseases. A cup of watermelon provides 25% of the recommended daily value of vitamin C and 6% of the recommended daily value of vitamin A. Additionally, researchers have found that lycopene, a nutrient most traditionally associated with tomatoes, is found in equal or greater quantities in watermelon. Watermelons also provide significant amounts of vitamin B6 and vitamin B 1, both of which are necessary for energy production. In combination with the minerals and vitamins already described, these B vitamins add to the high nutrient richness of watermelon. Due to its high water content (watermelon is 92% water by weight) and low calorie count; watermelon is a good choice to satisfy your hunger while you try to eat a healthy diet: Think of them as nature's answer to the heavily marketed “vitamin water” craze. Besides the textured, watery flesh of the fruit, watermelon seeds are also widely eaten as a snack. They are rich in iron and protein and are often pressed for oil or roasted and seasoned. So if you are planning on dining outdoor this summer, or simply looking for a quick and convenient refreshment to serve to unexpected company or reckless children, reach for watermelon. The kids will enjoy its crisp taste and messy juices, the adults will enjoy its refreshing flavors, and everyone will benefit from its nutritious value.63. We don‟t feel guilty even if we eat more watermelon because _________.A. it is deliciousB. it is nutritiousC. it contains low caloriesD. it contains antioxidants64. The phrase “when the mercury starts to rise” (Para. l）probably means “__________”.A. in summer eveningsB. on sunny daysC. when people are thirstyD. when it is getting hot65. How many cups of watermelon can satisfy the daily need for vitamin C? A. One B. TwoC. ThreeD. Four66. By saying “Think of them as nature‟s answer to the heavily marketed “vitamin water” craze”, the author means __________.A. watermelon can take the place of vitaminsB. with watermelon, people don't have to buy vitamin waterC. natural foods are much better than the manufactured onesD. the vitamin water has been over-advertised67. Watermelon seeds are often _________.A. fried in oilB. stored for seasonsC. prepared with spiceD. pressed before being cooked68. The best title of the passage is __________.A. Watermelon-the Most Enjoyable RefreshmentB. The Wonders of WatermelonC. The Nutrients in WatermelonD. Watermelon the Best Summer Food for ChildrenPassage FourInitial voyages into space introduced questions scientists had never before considered. Could an astronaut swallow food in zero gravity? To keep things simple, astronauts on the Project Mercury ate foods squeezed out of tubes．It was like serving them baby food in a toothpaste container. But these early tube meals were flavorless, and astronauts dropped too many pounds. “We know that astronauts have lost weight in every American and Russian manned flight,” wrote NASA scientists Malcolm Smith in 1969．"We don't know why.”Feeding people in space was not as easy as it looked. Floating around in space isn't as relaxing as it might sound. Astronauts expend a lot of energy and endure extreme stresses on their bodies．Their dietary requirements are therefore different from those of their gravity-bound counterparts on Earth. For example, they need extra calcium to compensate for bone loss. “A low-salt diet helps slow the process, but there are no refrigerators in space, and salt is o ften used to help preserve foods;” says Vickie Kloeris of NASA. “We have to be very careful of that.” By the Apollo missions, NASA had developed a nutritionally balanced menu with a wide variety of options. Of course, all the items were freeze-dried or heat-treated to kill bacteria, and they didn‟t look like regular food. Today, the most elaborate outer-space meals are consumed in the International Space Station (ISS), where astronauts enjoy everything from steak to chocolate cake．ISS is a joint venture between the U.S．Russia, and The and diplomatic guidelines dictate the percentage of food an astronaut must eat from each country. NASA's food laboratory has 185 different menu items, Russia offers around 100, and when Japan sent up its first crew member in 2008，about 30 dishes came with him. Due to dietary restrictions and storage issues, astronauts still can't eat whatever they want whenever they feel like it. In 2008，NASA astronaut and ISS crew member Sandra Magnus became the first person to try to cook a meal in space．It took her over an hour to cook onions and garlic in the space station's food warmer, but she managed to create a truly delicious dish: grilled tuna（金枪鱼）in a lemon-garlic-ginger sauce-eaten from a bag, of course.69. Which of the following is true about the early space meals?A. They had to be eaten from a bag.B. They tasted better than they looked.C. They could not make eating as easy as possible.D. They were not nutritious enough for astronauts.70. It seems that astronauts‟weight loss __________.A. was an unusual problem among astronautsB. was what puzzled the early scientistsC. caused new problems in space flightsD. drew the attention of the general public71. According to Vickie Kloeris, serving a low-salt diet in space __________.A. is easier said than doneB. is not absolutely necessaryC. has worked as expectedD. will be the future trend72. In the International Space Station, _____________.A. there is enough space to store enough foods for astronautsB. there is a selection of flavored foods from a dozen countriesC. astronauts in general prefer foods from their own countriesD. astronauts‟need to eat their favorite foods can't always be met73. It can be learned that Sandra Magnus, cooking in space __________.A. left much to be desiredB. wasn't worth the effortC. was quite satisfactoryD. has inspired the others74. The passage mainly introduces ____________.A. the variety of food options in spaceB. the dietary need of astronauts in spaceC. the problems of living in the space stationD. the improvement of food offered in spacePassage FiveIs it possible to be both fat and fit-7-not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter? Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30 and 55．Compared with women who were both thin and active, obese (overweight) but active women had a mortality irate that was 91％higher. Though far better than the inactive obese（142% higher); they were still worse off than the inactive lean (5% higher)．A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease. .. That‟s settled, then. Or is it? Steven Blair, a professor 0of exercise science at the University of South Carolina, describes the official focus on obesity as an “obsession…and it‟s not grounded in solid data”. Blair‟s most fascinating study, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims，since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether. “There is an …ass ociation‟between obesity and fitness,” he agrees, “but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here's a shock: among class 11 obese individuals [with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9]，about 40% or 45% are still fit. You simply cannot tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the harmful effect of fat just disappears: their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit." One day----probably about a hundred years from now---this fat-but-fit question will be answered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime，there anything that all the experts agree on? Oh yes: however much your body is weighs, you‟ll live longer if you move it around a bit.75. It can be learned that the 2008 research ________.A. posed a challenge to the 2004 studyB. confirmed the findings of the 2004 study．C. solved the problems left behind by the 2004 studyD. had a different way of thinking from the 2004 study76. Steven Blair probably considers the previous studies asA. unreliableB. uncreativeC. unrealisticD. untraditional77. The major difference between Blair's study and the previous research is that ________.A. Blair excluded the participants’fitness as a factorB. Blair guessed the participants‟fitness after weighing themC. Blair required the participants to assess their own fitnessD. Blair evaluated the participants‟fitness through physical tests78. Blair‟s study proves that __________.A. the weight problem should be taken seriouslyB. weight and fitness are strongly connectedC. it is possible to be both fat and fitD. fat people have a higher death rate79. It can be seen from the description of these studies that the author—A. shows no preference for any researcherB. finds no agreement between the researchersC. obviously favors the Blair studyD. obviously favors the Harvard study80. The purpose of writing this passage is to ___________.A. call on people to pay attention to the weight problemB. present the different findings of various weight studiesC. compare the strength and weakness of different studiesD. offer suggestions on how to remain fit and live longerPAPER TWO译写答题注意事项一、本试卷(Paper Two)答案一律写在答题纸II (Answer Sheet II )上，草稿纸上的答题内容一律不予计分。
研究生英语听力及教材答案
1.我不相信幸运这一类事情.我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为.我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作,自我约束,坚持不懈,把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运.2.许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与). 你可能具有超强的学术能力,然而缺少社交能力,即有能力倾听别人,对其他人(的反应)敏感,甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评.3.如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉,也许你的确该改变一下了,可能不是改变你的位置,但至少是你的态度.如果你能学会很好地利用任何情况,你就能消除掉挡在你和你梦想之间的可怕的障碍.4.任何人在忙忙碌碌的时候都会犯错误.但是注意力不集中的人经常遇到麻烦不是因为他们太忙了,而是因为他们缺乏优先考虑的事情.这样,不仅浪费了他们的实践,也浪费了资源.5.如果你拒绝变化,你就是拒绝成功.学会灵活,否则就得学会习惯忍受失败.6.你的天分越大,你就有可能越倚赖于天分,甚至忽视日复一日完善它的工作.如果你有了这样消极的倾向,给自己定一个进步计划,这样你就能充分利用好上帝给你的天赋.2第二单元翻译1．老师、教授常被描述成生活在象牙塔中的理想主义者，他们脱离实际。
人们指责他们只强调学力或学业，而这些对帮助学生将来求职或就业并无直接关系。
2．大学之所以存在，是因为它在人们富于想象力的学习中成为老少两代人之间的纽带，因而保持了知识和生活热情之间的联系。
3．我们必须使每个学生开始明白：他/ 她在人类连绵不断的链条上只是其中的一环，这一环虽小，却至关重要。
这链条的前面有数千年的历史，并向无限的未来延伸。
4．人生不是支离破碎地学习一些课程，充实的人生应该是发现艰巨的任务并运用我们掌握的智慧和能量工具来完成这些任务。
我们准备放手让你们来完成一些艰巨的任务。
让我们拭目以待——看看你们如何来完成。
5．让我们为学生营造环境，使他们成长为有创造性、有思想的人，成为一群懂历史、哲学、宗教、文学等等的个体。
中国科学院大学2012年6月研究生入学英语学位考试真题及答案详解
研究生学位英语考试试题Part One：ListeningPart Two：Vocabulary1．Please do not be ____ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.A disregardedB distortedC irritatedD intervened2. Craig assured his boss that he would ____ all his energies in doing this new job.A call forthB call atC call onD call off3. Too much ____ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.A disclosureB exhibitionC contactD exposure4. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.A dimB blankC faintD vain5. It is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of mind.A incompatibleB incredibleC indefiniteD indispensable6. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ____ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.A indistinctlyB separatelyC irrelevantlyD independently7. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to ____ her laughter.A hold backB hold onC hold outD hold up8. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ____ attitude toward customers.A impartialB mildC hostileD opposing9. I ____ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.A expressB confessC verifyD acknowledge10. It is strictly ____ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.A securedB forbiddenC regulatedD determined11. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in ____ again next spring.A assemblyB sessionC conferenceD convention12. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th ____ the birth of Jesus Christ.A in accordance withB in terms ofC in favor ofD in honor of13. Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am ____ to carrying out the plan.A obligedB committedC engagedD resolved14. It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ____ as well as we had hoped.A came offB went offC brought outD make out15. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ____ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.A improveB enhanceC guaranteeD gear16. He left early on the ____ that he had a bad toothache and had to see the dentist.A prescriptionB pretextC knowledgeD precondition17. The new edition of the encyclopedia ____ many improvements, which is the result of the persistent effort of all the compilers.A embeddedB embodiedC enchantedD enclosed18. The boys and girls ____ together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs.A reversedB clappedC clusteredD contracted19. The new underground railway will ____ the journey to all parts of the city.A consumeB eliminateC formulateD facilitate20. The speaker attracted the audience at the very beginning of the lecture by giving a ____ description of his personal experience.A globalB graciousC graphicD prescriptivePart Three：ReadingPassage oneThe potential of closed-circuit television and other new electronic teaching tools is so great that it is fascinating tovisualize “the school of tomorrow”.Televised lessons will originate from a central building having perhaps four or five master studios. The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country.After a televised lesson has been given, the classroom teacher will take over for the all-important “follow-up” period. The students will ask troublesome questions, and difficult points will be cleared up through discussion.The teacher in the classroom will have ad ditional electronic tools. On the teacher’s desk, the traditional bright red apple will have been replaced by a multiple—control panel and magnetic tape players. The tape machines will run prerecorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones. The les sons will be specifically geared to the students’ levels of ability. For instance, which the class as a whole studies history, each student will receive an individual history lesson, directed to his particular level of ability.Should questions arise, the students will be able to talk directly to the teacher on individual “intercoms” without disturbing the rest of the class. In this way, the teacher will be able to conduct as many as three classes at the same time.1.This article is mainly about_______.A. televisionB. electronicsC. the schools of the futureD. communication2. Closed-circuit television will probably carry lessons to_____.A. a single classroomB. one schoolC. all the classrooms in the worldD. all the classrooms in a city or country3. In the schools of tomorrow, the teacher’s desk will____.A. contain electronic equipmentB. actually be a television setC. no longer existD. look like an isolation booth4. In the schools of tomorrow, students will4. In the schools of tomorrow, students will_____.A. all study different subjects at the same timeB. study at different levels within a subject at the same timeC. not studyD. not have to read books5. Electronic tools will enable the teacher to5. Electronic tools will enable the teacher to_____.A. teach more than one class at the same timeB. retireC. teach only a small number of pupilsD. rely on TV stations onlyPassage Two：Industrial Psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research.Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist's function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motions required to do the job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks," during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.6. From the first sentence of passage, we learn that the primary objective of industrial psychology is to study ______.A. working efficiency that leads to the highest outputB. the working skills and the working environmentC. the techniques leading to the highest productivityD. the utilization of workers to get the greatest profit7. A test in industrial psychology is used to find out ______.A. a worker’s achievementsB. a worker's potential for a certain jobC. a worker's psychological problemD. a worker's motivation for a certain job8. The industrial psychologist’s function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that the former______.A. places great emphasis on maximum productionB. never cares about the increase of productionC. is mainly concerned with workers' satisfactionD. worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions9. In an industrial psychologist's mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT______.A. the steps in which work is doneB. the state of mind of a worker when workingC. the effect of working environment on a workerD. the value of the product a worker is making10. It is certain that ______.A. Two breaks in a day lead to higher productivity than oneB. working less hours can yield the highest efficiencyC. communication is increasing between the employers and employeesD. changing tools will help increase the productionPassage Three：The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote fora Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers wereproportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-stylewaterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers. “Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generatio n, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations.D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.12. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph meansA. separatist.B. conventional.C. feudal.D. political13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA. people’s desire for devolution.B. locals’ turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identityA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.√C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people’s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town’s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting out with almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. Politics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been h umanity’s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued initially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceivedto be a strong contradiction between the results of science and the requirements of morality; for instance, the application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality seems to demand that such results never be applied —— and that research leading to them should be stopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical physics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanent contradiction to quantum mechanics and the tension between them retained as a part of science. In the same way, the impacts of science, politics, and art must remain independent. We must learn to live with contradictions, because they lead to deeper and more effective understanding. The same applies to uncertainty.According to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, only probabilistic predictions can be made about the future. Furthermore, small events can have important consequences. An everyday example is weather forecasting. It is fairly successful for predictions up to 5 days ahead, but if you double that period the predictions are no longer accurate. It is not clear whether long-range predictions are forever excluded, but the example does illustrate that small causes can have significant effects.This situation has an obvious analogy in free will. In a completely deterministic world, what we know as free will in humans is reduced to a mere illusion. I may not know that my actions are predetermined in some complicated configuration of my molecules, and that my decisions are nothing more than the realization of what has been inherent in the configuration of electrons. According to quantum mechanics, we cannot exclude the possibility that free will is a part of the process by which the future is created. We can think about the creation of the world as incomplete and human beings, indeed all living beings, as making choices left open to probability.One may argue that this notion is fantastic. Indeed, Einstein firmly believed in causality, and rejected the relevant part of quantum mechanics. (His famous statementis that, while God can rule the world by any set of laws, “God does not play dice with the universe.”)Attempts have been made to add laws to quantum mechanics to eliminate uncertainty. Such attempts have not only been unsuccessful, they have not even appeared to lead to any interesting results.Questions:16.According to the author, what do science, politics and art each try to explain?17.What is the strong contradiction mentioned in the second paragraph?18.What is the author’s attitude toward contradiction?19.How would the author face uncertainty?20.What is the main idea of the passage?Passage Five：I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind. I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I don’t know t he word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.Questions:21. When the author met the woman in the market, what was the woman doing?22. How can you describe bargaining in Laos?23. According to the author, why did the woman accept the last offer?24. Why did the author finally decide to buy three skirts?25. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?Part Four：Translation1. A second aspect of technology transfer concentrates on US high technology exports. China has correctly complained inthe past that the US was unnecessarily restrictive in limiting technology sales to China. Recently some liberalization has taken place and major increases in technology transfers have taken place as the result. However, some items continue to be subject to restrictions and unnecessary delay, in part because the US Government submits many items to COCOM(巴黎统筹委员会) for approval. There is significant room for improvement with the US bureaucracy and COCOM.2. Good manners are necessary because we are judged by our manners. Our manners not only show what kind of educationwe have received and what our social position is, but they also tend to show what our nature is. A person with good manners is always an agreeable companion, because he always thinks of others and shows respect for others.3. Individualism and collectivism have permeated every aspect of Eastern and Western culture, influencing American andChinese economics, politics, morals and values, and especially communication patterns. This is important, for research has proved that the number one cause of failure in international business and relations is not economics or even business but cross-cultural communication.4. It is known to all that knowledge is power. Young people without knowledge cannot expect to become assets to society.In order to acquire profound knowledge, they strive to study well in school in the first place. This does not mean that knowledge only consists in books. In most cases, the knowledge from books is no substitute for the knowledge derived from social practices. For this obvious reason, young people should also regard it as indispensable to their acquirement of knowledge to learn earnestly from the experienced people and from society as well. In short, the rightly motivated young people are advised to insist on obtaining knowledge from all kinds of sources.5. 今天，环境问题变得越来越严重了。
国科大研究生听说教程听力原文 Unit 2
UNIT 25What’s She Like?Describing the Appearance and Character of People IntroductionIn your everyday life, you usually have to answer questions such as “What’s so-and-so like?”This question doesn’t mean that you have to exactly describe the appearance of thisperson. The best way to answer this kind of question is to point out what kind of person he orshe is and then maybe the characteristics of his or her appearance. To ask about a person’s 5appearance specifically, the question “What does so-and-so look like?”is usually used.Consider the following clues in describing people.Physical description: general personal impression, age, height, face, clothes and so on.Other characteristics: personality, job, interests or hobbies, their life history, achievements, family and so on.Make sure you realize that the description of a person or place should be tactful. It is extremely rude to say to someone something like this: “You are a narrow-minded overweightmiddle-aged person!”5Part One Listening InKen: Hello?Mary: Hi, Ken. It’s Mary, Mary Graham.Ken: Oh hi, Mary. How are you?Mary: I’m fine. How are you?Ken: Fine.Mary: Listen, um... I want to ask you some questions about Jim Wilson—you know him, don’t you?Ken: Sure.5Mary: What’s he like?Ken: Well, why are you asking about Jim?Mary: Well, I want to try and get a part-time job at his store...Ken: Oh, well Jim’s a nice guy...Mary: Mm-hmm.Ken: I mean he’ll give you decent hours, a decent wage, and plenty of breaks.Mary: Well, that sounds good. Um, what does he look like? I’ve got to meet him at the Sunset Restaurant for lunch and I can’t remember.Ken: Oh, well he’s about thirty-six...Mary: Uh-huh.5Ken: ... six-foot-two...Mary: Oh, sounds kind of nice.Ken: Mm.Mary: Um, is he a, a formal kind of guy, or does he dress casually?Ken: Oh, he rarely dresses casually. He always wears three-piece suits and ties—dresses very 0much in style.Mary: Oh, I see, I better dress up then...Ken: Yeah, it might be a good idea.Part Two Better Listening5Section A006: You’d better give me my instructions. I have to leave soon.Z: Just a minute, 006. I have a message for you. You have to meet the Boss, tonight.006: Oh no! Not... the Boss!Z: That’s right, 006! He’ll be in a disco called Mama Mia tonight at ten o’clock.006: In a disco? But... I’ve never met him! What does he look like?Z: Well, he’s very tall, very tall, and he has very long, dark hair.006: Long hair? How old is he?5Z: Mm... About forty-five, I guess.006: And what about a flower? Will he be wearing a flower of any kind?Z: A flower? No. But he will be wearing a T-shirt saying “Bruce Springs is the Boss!”006: A Bruce Springs T-shirt?! All right, Z. And thanks!Z: Good luck, 006. And enjoy the disco! Listen carefully. You have to meet Agent X at the bus 0station at 7:00 this evening.Section BConversation One5Reporting a CrimePoliceman: You say he was around average height.Victim: Yes, that’s right. Around five nine, five ten.Policeman: Weight?Victim: I’m not sure. Medium, I suppose. Maybe a little on the heavy side.Policeman: Any marks on his face?Victim: No, I don’t think so.Policeman: Glasses?Victim: No.Policeman: What about his hair?5Victim: Black or dark brown.5Policeman: Long or short? Straight? Curly?Victim: Straight, I think, and about average length.Policeman: Boy, this sure doesn’t help us very much. It could be anybody. How about hisclothes? What was he wearing?Victim: Well, he had a checked or a plaid shirt—you know, the kind that lumberjacks wear. 0Policeman: OK, now we’re getting somewhere. Pants?Victim: Dark, maybe dark blue, maybe black. I’m not sure.Policeman: What kind of shoes?Victim: Boots.Policeman: Cowboy boots?5Victim: No, hiking boots—brown ones.Policeman: All right, that narrows it down a little. Now I want you to look at some pictures.(a picture)Conversation TwoA: Pardon me. Would you know who that gentleman over there is?B: The one with the moustache, you mean?A: That’s right.B: That’s Mr. Thayer, the delegate from Australia.5A: Do you know who that gentleman is?B: Which gentleman?A: The one who’s talking to the man from India.B: Oh, yes. That’s Dr. Koo. He’s the delegate from Taiwan.A: I wonder who that delegate is.B: Which one?A: The attractive woman in the long skirt.B: That’s Mrs. Nababan. She’s from Indonesia.A: What a wonderful costume that delegate is wearing.B: Which one do you mean?5A: The man who’s standing next to the door.B: Ah, yes. That’s the delegate from Nigeria. Mr. Achebe, I think.A: Who’s that woman talking to Mr. de Souza?B: The one in the black evening gown?A: Yes, that’s right.B: That’s Mrs. Baldez from Mexico.Section A55Suggested accepting responses:W: Officer! Officer!O: Yes, ma’am.W: Somebody just took my purse! My money, my credit cards—everything’s gone!O: All right. Just calm down a minute. OK. Now, what did the person look like?W: He was kind of tall and thin.O: About how tall was he?W: Around five foot ten.O: Five foot ten. And how much did he weigh?W: I’m not sure. Maybe around 140 pounds.5O: And about how old was he?W: Oh, he was fairly young—in his mid-teens, I think... sixteen or seventeen.O: And what color was his hair?W: Blond, and it was long and straight.O: Eyes?W: I don’t know. It all happened so fast.O: Yes, of course. What was he wearing?W: Jeans and a T-shirt. Oh, and a denim vest.O: Fine, and now tell me about your purse. What did it look like?W: Well, it was dark brown, and it had a shoulder strap.5O: What was it made of?W: Leather.O: OK, now I’ll need your name and address.Part Four Comprehensive PracticeSection AMs. Mendose: OK. That’s it. Now, we have to make a decision. We might as well do that now,don’t you think?5Mr. Day: Sure. Let’s see. First we saw Frank Brzinski. What did you think of him?Ms. Mendose: Mmm. Frank. Well, he’s certainly a very polite young man.Mr. Day: Yes. And very relaxed, too. That’s important.Ms. Mendose: But his appearance!Mr. Day: Ummm. He wasn’t well dressed at all, was he? He wasn’t even wearing a tie!Ms. Mendose: But he did have a nice voice. He’d sound good on the telephone.Mr. Day: True. And I thought he seemed very intelligent. He answered all our questions very well.Ms. Mendose: That’s true. But dressing well is important. Well, let’s think about the others.Now, what about Barbara Jones? She had a nice voice, too. She’d sound good 5on the telephone, and she was well-dressed, too. What did you think of her?5Mr. Day: Mmmm. She did look very neat. Very nicely dressed. But I...Ms. Mendose: But so shy! She wouldn’t be very good at talking to people at the front desk,would she?Ms. Day: No. That’s really my worry about her. But she seemed pretty smart I thought.Ms. Mendose: Yes, yes, she did seem intelligent. But so nervous. So uncomfortable.Mr. Day: Ummm. OK. Now, who was next? Ah, yes. David Wallace I thought he was very good, had a lot of potential. What about you?Ms. Mendose: Mmm. He seemed like a very bright guy, didn’t you think? He dressed verynicely, too, and he had a really nice appearance.Mr. Day: Ummm. And what about his personality? He seemed relaxed to me—the type of 5person people feel comfortable with right away. I guess I was pretty impressed byhim.Ms. Mendose: Yes, I was too. He was very polite, but also very friendly and relaxed, as yousay. I think he’d be very good with the guests at the front desk, don’t you?Mr. Day: Yes, I do. He had a very pleasant voice, too.Ms. Mendose: That’s right. Well, was there anyone else? Oh yeah. Lois Johnson. I reallydidn’t think very much of her. She was too quiet. She hardly said a word.Mr. Day: That’s right. And when she did speak, I could hardly hear a word she was saying, she spoke so quietly?Ms. Mendose: Yeah. She was polite enough, I suppose... But another thing. She wasn’t very 5well dressed for an interview. I’m not sure she would know how to dress forthe job.Mr. Day: I agree. And she didn’t seem to understand half of our questions, either. She certainly gave some very strange answers when she did answer!Ms. Mendose: Ummm. OK. Good. I guess we have our receptionist, then, don’t you?Mr. Day: Yes, I think so. We’ll just offer the job to...。
中科院硕士学位英语考试GET真题及答案解析英语试卷1
GENERAI ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJAN0811)考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一 (Paper One)包括听力明白得、辞汇、完形填空与阅读明白得四部份，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二(Paper Two)包括翻译与写作两部份，共3题。
二、试卷一(题号1-80)为客观评分题(听力Section C部份除外)，答案一概用2B 铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。
答题前，请认真阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号(听力Section C部份除外)，答案一概写在答题纸上，不然无效。
五、本考试全数时刻为150分钟，采纳试卷一与试卷二分卷计时的方法。
试卷一考试时刻为90分钟，听力明白得部份以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部份共计时65分钟，每部份所占时刻均标在试卷上，考生可自行把握。
试卷二共计时60分钟，每部份所占时刻均标在试卷上，考生可自行把握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取别离收卷的方法。
每次终了时刻一到，考生一概搁笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。
全数考试终止后，须待监考教师将全数试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试终止，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes，20 points)Section A(1 point each)Directions：In each section，you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be read only once．Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．1．A．He was beaten by a fellow worker．B．He was laughed at by a fellow worker．C．He was fired from his work．D．He was replaced by his co-worker．2．A．He did it like everyone else．B．He was not speeding basically．C．He would like to pay the fine．．D．The policeman was unfair to him．3．A．Talk about their fishing experiences．B．Drive the woman’s dad to the station together．C．Put off their fishing plan for the next weekend．D．Go fishing after the woman sees her dad off．4．A．She thought the man’s project had been finished．B．She didn’t know the man’s project was urgent．C．She thinks the man shouldn’t be so stressed．D．She thinks the man has exaggerated about his project．5．A．He knows psychology very well．B．Psychology is beyond his comprehension．C．Psychology is his major．D．He has forgotten the theory of psychology6．A．It’s a pleasant surprise．B．It’s really unexpected．C．It’s very sad．D．It’s a pity．7．A．He was disappointed with the service．B．He Was satisfied with the service．C．He finally got what he wanted．D．He would like to try it again．8．A．He didn’t finish his finals week．B．He failed most of his examinations．C．He couldn’t remember what he had prepared in the exams．D．He couldn’t concentrate during the exams．9．A．Not enjoyable．B．Just so so．C．It’s his favorite．D．He likes it．Section B(1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini．talks．At the end of each talk, there will be some questions．Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once．After each question，there will be a pause．During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetMini-talk One10．A．T0 start up her own business．B．To gain experience．C．To save for her tuition．D．To help her family．11．A．Because he could have more spare credits．B．Because the 15-credit-plan was more cost-efficient．C．Because he had to make up 15 credits．D．Because the 15-credit-plan was easier．12．A．To become an intern．B．To challenge traditions．C．To start up her own business．D．To get a full time job．Mini-talk Two13．A．The United States has declared its independence．B．Lady Liberty is a gift from the people of France．C．American people have shaken off the oppression．D．The United States has broken off its relations with UK．14．A．Lady Liberty．B．Liberty Lady．C．The Statue of Liberty．D．Liberty Enlightening the World．15．A．By bus．B．By boat．C．By car．D．By subway．Section C (1 point each)Directions：In this section you will hear a short lecture．Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture．You will hear the recording twice．After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet．You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below．(请在录音终止后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上)16. Mental health experts also include other disorders like ___________ (4 words) that affect millions of people．17．Mental health problems are most severe in poor countries that __________(3 words) to deal with them．18．About half of all mental health problems first appear before __________(4 words)．19．According to WHO，how many people suffered from depression in 2020? (4 words) 20．The disability caused by mental disorders can have a big impact on __________.(3 words)PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY(10 minutes，10 points)Section A point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined .Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A , B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. It was fascinating to watch my husband as he literally became President before my eyes．A. liberallyB. wisely C．actually D．theoretically22. The rights that the citizens of those countries enjoy can all be incorporated in the laws of those individual countries．A．embodied B．excluded C．immersed D．interpreted 23．These are the men and women who run the house and tend to the special needs of its residents．A．take to B．amount to C．attend to D．object to 24．These women hoped that the cease-fire would continue and that the violence would end once and for all．A. quickly B．conclusively C．universallyD．temporarily25. There is some excitement on the horizon, but I can’t tell you about it．A. in the distance B．soon to happen C．without a question D．at first sight26. Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housing construction boom and encouraging consumption．A. contaminating B．extinguishing C．stimulating D．transporting 27．War involves inflicting the greatest amount of damage in the briefest space of time．A. imposing B．avoiding C．compensating D．fabricating28. Inflation can destroy the fabric of society by adversely affecting fixed income groups．A. stabilityB. perplexity C．evolution D．structure29. The participants of the meeting were astonished by the discrepancy between the mayor’s words and his actionsA．difference B．correlation C．conformity D．separation 30．The English writing of college students in China is generally redundant for lack of specific words．A．ambiguous B．wordy C．unconvincing D．stereotypedSection B point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section．Each question is a sentence with something missing．Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D． Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence．Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．31． Without mutual trust，the willingness to engage _______ in the learning processis hindered．A．deliberately B．collaboratively C．destructively D．individually32． Humans have to settle the problems with food, clothes and _______ before they call survive．A．cabin B．mansion C．shed D．shelter33． How did it ________ that in English the correlation between spelling and pronunciation is not very close?A．come about B．come on C．come to D．come by34．While the test-oriented approach to teaching is _________ desirable，it is widely used in China．A．other than B．not only C．nothing but D．far from35．In January 1995，George M . Bush ________ was as the new governor of Texas．A．turned in B．taken in C．sworn in D．put in 36．The latest data showed that global ozone ________ had dropped several percent over the last decade．A．penetrations B．concentrations C．dimensions D．extensions 37．Scientists have been trying to ________ what factors can cause aging．A．find out B．turn out C．set out D．carry out38．Ten years ________ her career as a lawyer, she decided to start her own firmin Chicago．A．within B．during C．into D．amid39．The tower of the World Trade Center ________ after it was hit by the plane．A．dissipated B．paddled C．hedged D．collapsed40．I could speak their language and ________ with their problems because I have been there myself.A．collide B．coincide C．identify D．associatePART Ⅲ CLOZE TEST(10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions：There are 10 questions in this part of the test．Read the passage through．Then , go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A．B．C. orD for each blank in the passage．Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on),our machine-scoring Answer Sheet．Early in January 2020，the temperature in Tanana，Alaska, fell to 55 below zero F．It was so cold that when the airport runway lights stopped working，crews were 41 from going outside to fix them．So it was a real concern when Vicky Aldridge，a nurse practitioner at the village health center, realized that 61-year-old Winkler Bifelt was bleeding 42 and needed medical treatment at Fairbanks Memorial Hospital， 43 150 miles away．The sun was already down when Aldridge made the 44 telephone callto Frontier Flying Service in Fairbanks．“We told them the only way we could fly was if they could find enough vehiclesto 45 the runway with headlights so we could land,” said Bob Hajdukovich，the company’s president．Aldridge’s next calls went to airport and town officials，who， 46 called villagers．Forty five minutes later, enough cars，trucks，minivans and snowmobiles had lined up SO that the runway was 47 .Pilots Nate Thompson and David Fowler landed without 48 , and then tookoff again，with Bifelt．“There is this wonderful caring 49 in the village，”Aldridge said．“If anyone needs anything，all I have to do is call one or two people and everything will get 50 .41．A．objected B．obstructed C．obliged D．observed 42．A．intimately B．integrally．C．intentionally D．internally 43．A．1ess B．some C．but D．even 44．A．eagerness B．pressure C．emergency D．hurry45．A．1ine B．cross C．span D．park46．A．by turns B．in turn C．in order D．in return47．A．1ightened B．illustrated C．cleared D．widened 48．A．reason B．support C．hesitation D．consideration 49．A．status B．occasion C．surrounding D．atmosphere 50．A．into control B．out of danger C．done well with D．taken care ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes，30 points，1 point each)Directions：In this part of the test, there are five short passages．Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow．Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．Passage OneNovember 25 is the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women．This day was recognized by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1999 with a view to raising public awareness of violations of the rights of women．Why was this step necessary?In many cultures women are viewed and treated as inferior or as second class citizens． Prejudices against them are deep rooted． Gender based violence in all its forms is all its forms is an ongoing problem，even in the so-called developed world．According to former UN Secretary General Kofi Anna, “violence against women is global in reach, and takes place in all societies and cultures. It affects women no matter what their race, social origin, birth or other status may be.”Radhika Coomaraswamy, UN expert of the Commission on Human Rights on violence against women, says in his report that for the vast majority of women, violenceagainst women is “a taboo issue，invisible in society and a shameful fact of life.”Statistics issued by a victim study institution in Holland indicate that 23 percent of women in one South American country, or about 1 in 4, suffer some form of domestic violence. Likewise, the Council of Europe estimates that 1 in 4 European women suffer domestic violence during their lifetime. According to the British Home Office in England and Wales in one recent year, an average of two women each week were killed by current or former partners. The magazine India Today International reported that “for women across India, fear is a constant companion and rape is the stranger they may have to confront at every corner, on any road，in any public place at any hour.”UN experts described violence against women and girls as “today’s most serious human fights challenge.”51．This passage is intended to _________.A．point out the root of violence against womenB．find solutions 10 violence against womenC．criticize the governments’ inaction about violence against womenD．make people better aware of violence against women52．The word “gender” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.A．race B．society C．culture D．sex53．According to former UN Secretary General Kofi Anna，violence against women could be widely found _________.A．in South American countriesB．in rich countriesC．in developing countriesD．across the world54．By “violence against women is a taboo issue”，Radhika Coomaraswamy means that the vast majority of women _________.A．turn a blind eye to the problemB．don’t want to talk about the problemC．turn a deaf ear to the problemD．have been accustomed to the problem55．According to the last paragraph，violence against women is _________.A．more serious in South American countriesB．more serious in European countriesC．equally serious in South American and European countriesD．1ess serious in developed countries56．According to the passage，women in India _________.A．often live in the fear of violence against themB．suffer more serious domestic violenceC．must have their companions everywhereD．are facing most serious human rights challengesPassage TwoWhen you think of monkeys，you probably think of the Tropics．Few species of monkeys venture into temperate lands．Nevertheless，there are one or two notable exceptions．In the high Atlas Mountains of North Africa，where snowfall is common during the winter, small groups of Barbary apes roam through forests of cedar and oak．One isolated group of these monkeys can be found 200 miles to the north，living on the Rock of Gibraltar, at the southern most tip of Europe．How do naturalists explain this mystery? Some believe that the monkeys colonized other areas of Europe in the distant past and that those of Gibraltar are the only surviving group．Others think that Arabic or British colonizers brought them to the Rock．Legend has it that the monkeys crossed the narrow straits dividing Europe from Africa by means of a long—lost underground tunnel．Whatever their origin，they are now the only free range monkeys found in Europe．The Barbary apes are not actually apes．They are tailless monkeys．The Barbary apes inhabit the pine woods that cover the upper part of the Rock．Although they number only a hundred or so, they have become “the peninsula’s most famous residents,” according to the International Primate Protection League．Since seven million tourists visit Gibraltar every year，the mischievous monkeys have an ample food supply．Although they feed on wild plants．they have becomeskilled at begging and occasionally stealing food from visitors．Local authorities also provide the monkeys with fruit and vegetables．Apart from feeding，the monkeys spend 20 percent of their day grooming each other. Both male and female monkeys care for and play with the young ones. They live in close knit groups, where stress sometimes leads to confrontation. While the older monkeys use threats and screams to chase away the younger ones，they also have an unusual tooth—chattering behavior that seems to calm them down．Their arrival on Gibraltar may remain a mystery；still，these sociable monkeys add a special charm to the limestone headland that guards the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea．Gibraltar world not be the same without them.57．The monkeys on the Rock of Gibraltar are special because _________.A．they live in tropic areasB．they inhabit temperate landsC．they live in forestsD．they came from North Africa58．Which of the following is NOT the possible origin of the Gibraltar monkeys?A．They may be the surviving group of European monkeys．．B．They may have been brought to Gibraltar by colonizers．C．They may have come from Africa through the long—lost tunnel．D．They may have swum across the narrow straits from Africa．59．The population of “the peninsula’s most famous residents”_________.A．is growing rapidlyB．outnumbers the local peopleC．is threatened by too many visitorsD．is about five scores60．We can learn from the 5th paragraph that Gibraltar monkeys _________.A．mainly feed on food from visitorsB．often threaten local touristsC．are very naughtyD．are raised by．the local authorities61．The word “grooming” in the 6m paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.A．cleaning B．biting C．fighting D．isolating62．According to the passage, _________.A．Gibraltar would be better without the monkeysB．the monkeys have added beauty to the Rock of GibraltarC·Gibraltar monkeys and those in the high Atlas Mountains are of different speciesD．the older Gibraltar monkeys are very fierce to the younger onesPassage ThreeWhich would You give up：TV, Cell，Or Web? From November 6 to December 3，a 1-question online Poll was placed on high-traffic websites in 15 countries (Australia，Brazil，Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Netherlands, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom, United States). A total of 150 respondents in each country participated in the poll．In this global survey, 11 of 15 countries say they’d turn off the TV before they’d silence their cell phone or log off the Internet. Women，especially, will give up their favorite shows，voting to do so by a greater percentage than men in all but four countries. “I work 50-plus hours a week and more importantly, the programs 1 watch on TV are free on the web.” Paula Kress of Georgia explains why she’d give up on TV.Younger respondents are more likely to take a pass on television，but older folks don’t necessarily stay away from the online experience．In Singapore，not a single person over 45 voted to stop surfing．“I'm not much for sitting in front of the screens，but I need the Interact to keep in touch with friends and family．”Hanna Lama explains why she’d keep the web and ditch TVIn the United States，people voted to give up TV, yet Americans sit in front of the flat screen for an average of four hours，37 minutes a day．But if the decision had been made by respondents over 45，the cell phone would have．gotten the boot instead．In Canada people voted to give up the cell．The cost effect analysis shows thatpeople there pay some of the highest rates for their cell phone plans，which may be why they have the lowest number of cell users among the western countries polled．“I don’t want to be reachable at every moment”is another logical explanation．Why was Brazil the only country to pick the Internet (and by such a huge margin)? Brazil has some of the lowest rates of Internet use worldwide, with just 35 users per l00 people．(The U．S．and U．K．both have 72.) Brazil’s cost to hook up is also high，about $26 a month，compared with $7.4 in Germany．63．What is the most important reason for Paula Kress to give up TV?A．She doesn’t have time to watch TV．B．She doesn’t like sitting in front of screens．C．She can watch TV programs on the web．D．She finds online programs more interesting．64．Survey results in Singapore show that _________.A．women watch TV programs for a longer period of time than menB．men depend as much on cell phones as women doC．younger people use cell phones more than older peopleD．older people enjoy the Internet just like the younger ones65·Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to“get the boot”(Para．3)?A. be dismissed B．catch on C．be favored D．become dominant66．It is implied that among the Americans polled，there were more _________.A．men B．women C．younger people D．older people 67．How many countries picked the cell phone in the survey?A．2．B．3．C．4．D．5．68．In the last paragraph，the author mainly _________.A．describes the findings in the Brazilian surveyB．discusses the gap between Brazil and the western worldC．presents the reasons behind the Brazilian decisionD．analyzes the development of the Internet in BrazilPassage FourToday, world leaders are discussing climate change and what—if anything—can be done to combat global warming. Extreme weather conditions have brought home the fact that our climate is changing--and changing fast．It may be easy to be fatalistic about it, but the truth is that although we humans have caused the problem, we also have the solution. “Think global and act local,”said Friends of the Earth founder David Bower. In many small but important ways we can make a difference. Here are my top tips for how to begin：Count your food miles. What you eat and where you buy it affects global emissions. Pollution from transport is the fastest growing source of carbon dioxide emissions, so it is madness to fly out-of-season vegetables across the world to supermarkets．We should lobby supermarkets for a system of classifying food according to the distance travelled：0 for local food， l for British，2 for Europe，and 3 for intercontinental．Turn off anything that winks at you. A video recorder on standby uses almost as much electricity as one playing a tape．Turning down the thermostat by one degree．not leaving TV and music centre on standby，turning off lights，putting lids on cooking pots，and only half-filling kettles can cut energy consumption by 30％，saving your money as well as saving the planet．Just stop using petrol. Yes you can，and the car industry may (eventually) help you. Hydrogen-powered cars are loved by car designers and could become a reality in about 1 0 years. Meanwhile, consider convening to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)．You won’t be alone：a new pump for this is opening every day. Meanwhile，you can cut down on conventional petrol use just by changing driving habits—no rapid acceleration，lower speeds，keeping tires at the right pressure·Well，you can always walk. Or cycle. The majority of car journeys are less than five miles and．Honestly, once you’ve stepped out，you’ll find it’s really not that bad．The only energy used is your own and that’s healthy. You only have to look at the collective strength of the people’s fuel lobby to know this makes sense．These changes will save you money which you should invest in an ethical savingaccount. They are profitable and they put the pressure on business to clean up its act．69．In the first paragraph, the author tries to emphasize _________.A．his concern over climate changeB．his optimism in finding a way outC．the necessity of global actionsD．the difficulty in reaching an agreement70．Which conclusion can be drawn from paragraph 2?A．Centralized distribution of food is highly efficient and cost-effective．B．Organic food from abroad is better than food produced locally．C．Supermarkets do a great job of offering a wide selection of goods．D．It’s better for us consumers to shop in local farmers’ markets．71．In Paragraph 3 the author tries to convey the message that _________.A．small changes in small habits can make big differencesB．it is not easy for us to reduce energy consumption at homeC．the present way of using energy leaves much to be desiredD．we individuals may not help much in fighting global warming72．At present, to replace petrol-driven cars，people may choose cars driven by _________.A．electricity B．LPG C．hydrogen D．biofuel73．For most of the car journeys，walking or cycling _________.A．is a waste of time B．is undesirableC．is a feasible option D．is what people prefer74．The passage is focused on _________.A．the impact of climate change on people’s livesB．the importance of individuals improving the environmentC．the benefits of cutting energy consumptionD．the small ways that can help fight global warmingPassage FiveSome years ago，thumping，jumping noises routinely issued from the apartment upstairs as if baby elephants were competing in the 50-yard dash. I went up one day to politely inquire. “No, nobody’s making noise here”the husband and wife both insisted．It must be coming from elsewhere in the building.”Two children about five years old，each holding soccer balls, stood fight beside their parents. “Could the thumping be your kids running around, perhaps playing soccer?” I asked．“Oh no, we never let the kids play in the house．”For months, the pattern continued: the thumping and jumping above, our delicate check-in, the denial. It got so that every time I saw the couple, I glared without a word of greeting. When they moved out of the building, the thumping stopped.I suppose I could have forgiven my neighbors and spared them the glare. After a11, forgiveness is in, a trend advocated by best-selling books, foundations and research institutes．The notion has gone well beyond spiritual leaders advising that forgiveness is good for the soul and that hard feelings will turn us bitter and hostile. Now the medical community cites studies showing that forgiveness can prevent heart attacks, lower blood pressure and even ease depression．I may be outnumbered，but I still believe in the healing power of the grudge(不满)．I’ve deployed grudges with an equal-opportunity sense of fairness—against teachers and classmates， bosses and colleagues，family and friends．I’ve chosen to stop speaking to certain people permanently and occasionally even spoken ill of them—but more with disbelief than a sense of revenge．I’m neither proud nor ashamed．But I’ve discovered that nothing feels quite as satisfying as a grudge well nursed．I’m not against forgiveness itself; I have forgiven people for rudeness as well as for deep misunderstandings and have done so without holding on to hard feelings. What I deplore is the propaganda about forgiveness. No longer an option，forgiveness is an official order. Forgiving so democratically cheapens the very act．A long standing grudge suggests that we hold certain standards, that we respect ourselves enough to reject bad behavior. Failure to forgive can be just as righteous, just as honorable as forgiveness itself.75．The author would probably describe the neighbors as __________.A．careless B．dishonest C．ignorant D．immodest76．Paragraph 3 is focused on __________.A．how forgiveness is good for US spiritually and physicallyB．how forgiveness has become a fashionable conceptC．what has changed people’s understanding of forgivenessD．what is the true meaning and virtue of forgiveness77. By “I may be outnumbered”(Para．4)，the author means that most people in her situation would probably _________.A．tell people how bad the neighbors areB．refuse to speak to the neighborsC．try to practice forgiveness to the neighborsD．ask the neighbors for an explanation78．The author seems ________ what she always does with grudges．A．ashamed of B．proud of C．satisfied with D．disappointed with 79．It can be 1earned that the author _________.A．has great difficulty forgiving peopleB．regrets failing to practice forgivenessC．wants to learn how to forgive peopleD．opposes “forgiveness without principle”80．The best title for the passage is __________.A．To Forgive is GodB．The Right Not to ForgiveC．Forgiveness in，Grudge outD．The Power of ForgivenessPAPER TWO译写答题注意事项一、小试卷(PaperTwo)答案一一概写在答题纸Ⅱ(Answer Sheet Ⅱ)一，草稿纸上的答题内容一概不予计分。
中国科学院大学研究生学位统考英语A分级考试真题及详解GET5 2004-6
Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A ( 1 point each)1. A. No women were allowed to take part in it.B. Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C. Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D. Unmarried women were allowed to watch it somewhere2. A. She needs to buy some new clothes.B. She cares a lot about what to wear.C. The man doesn't work hard enough.D. The man should buy some new ties.3. A. Takes a hot bath.B. Takes a long walk.C. Has a few drinks.D. Has more coffee.4. A. They have a very close relationship.B. They don't spend much time together.C. They are getting along with each other better.D. They are generally pretty cold to each other.5. A. His sixth sense told him.B. He is unskillful with his present job.C. His present job pays too little.D. His present job is too demanding.6. A. The accident caused injury or loss of life.B. Seven people were killed in the accident.C. Many people from other cars came to help.D. A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.7. A. 2754201.B. 2645310.C. 2745301.D. 2654310.8. A. She had no chance to speak.B. She was speechless.C. She talked a lot to the star.D. She saw too many people around the star.9. A. Because it tells the truth most of the time.B. Because it provides a lot of information.C. Because it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D. Because it is an inside newspaper.Section B (1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A. Because other scientists had raised questions about these claims.B. Because some of its scientists had made false claims before.C. Because the claims were very important to the study of physics.D. Because some of its scientists published too many papers in a year.11. A. He made up false data in the experiment to support his new findings.B. He used information from previous work to support his new findings.C. He denied other scientists' involvement in his experiments.D. He was not productive in writing scientific papers.12. A. They dismissed all Mister Schon's publications.B. They asked Mister Schon to apologize to the public.C. They recalled Mister Schon's title as a Nobel Prize winner.D. They removed Mister Schon from his position.Mini-talk Two13. A. The winner should write a report to the committee of the foundation.B. The winner should report to the committee before they spend the moneyC. The winner should not be a government official.D. The winner should be nominated by the foundation's directors.14. A. For her achievements in environmental protection.B. For her achievements in developing computer software.C. For her achievements in developing warships.D. For her achievements in developing robots.15. A. He was recognized as a genius by the foundation's directors.B. He helped the developing countries to fight .against earthquakes.C. He helped the third world countries to develop quickly.D. He ran a non-profit international organization.Section C ( 1 point each)16. What did the several hundred college students compete to build recently in Washington, D.C.?17. Which department in the United States organized the competition?18. How many teams took part in the competition?19. How much did each team spend on equipment and other materials?20. What is the purpose of the competition?PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of theconversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again and take in most of human life.A. acceptB. understandC. supportD. include22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bringout a goodbye.A. blow outB. give outC. get away withD. come out with23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists.A. reformingB. yieldingC. breedingD. conceiving24. Once a proposal goes into place, it's next to impossible to reverse it.A. overthrowB. enhanceC. implementD. provoke25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended to.A. participated inB. seen toC. concentrated onD. involved in26. The majority of these graduate students have but one aspiration--to be top economists.A. inspirationB. ambitionC. requestD. acquisition27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room.A. absorbed inB. submerged inC. saturated withD. agonized by28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been eliminated.A. given outB. ruled outC. written outD. turned out29. We are obliged to the teaching stuff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.A. committedB. compelledC. gratefulD. respectful30. Humans have the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their peculiarideas and fancies.A. novelB. particularC. arbitraryD. fantasticSection B (0.5 point each)31. These ____ salespersons of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.A. prospectiveB. perspectiveC. respectiveD. protective32. Skin, being sturdy and ______ and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.A. flexibleB. looseC. elasticD. resourceful33. Since teacher behavior is ______ for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives.A. held upB. used upC. kept upD. dressed up34. The concept of personal choice _____ health behaviors is an important one.A. in face ofB. in case ofC. in relation toD. in charge of35. The so-called "brain drain" refers to the fact people carrying heavy responsibilities becomedisillusioned and end up by ________.A. immigratingB. migratingC. integratingD. emigrating36. As fulfillment seldom________ to anticipation, there is no need to feel upset.A. amountsB. correspondsC. addsD. contributes37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity __ withcancer-causing pathways.A. coupledB. stainedC. associatedD. integrated38. It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded security beyond what was really ____.A. called forB. called forthC. called upD. called at39. The display of goods needs to be ______ with the store's atmosphere.A. persistentB. existentC. insistentD. consistent40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an _____life.A. externalB. originalC. eternalD. optimalPART III CLQZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, I point each)The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth. According to 41 , there are over 13 billion chickens! And its meat is so popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are consumed each year. 42 , hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of chickens and eggs became a commercial 44.Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised by minions of households for domestic and commercial use.Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of the mostsuccessful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for just one person to care for from 25,000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds. Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off----some as 48 of the deadly disease--the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases.50 this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many countries.41. A. estimates B. evaluations C. judges D. legislations42. A. Surprisingly B. Essentially C. Additionally D. Generally43. A. up till B. rather than C. out of D. not until44. A. investment B. venture C. administration D. adventure45. A. by far B. by and by C. for good D. for all46. A. that B. those C. them D. it47. A. conceal B. condemn C. commence D. command48. A. witnesses B. sacrifices C. donations D. victims49. A. know-how B. how-so C. in-the-know D. how-come50. A. Because of B. Due to C. For D. AsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneOf all the accessories and adornments to clothes one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze--not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms: penalty for disobedience--a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)Most of the buttons on modem clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men's coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.On the tails of a modem tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm's way.With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?A. They have little function.B. They are the only useful accessory.C. They receive the least attention among accessories.D. They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.52. According to the author, ___________.A. buttons are used as ornaments only in modem timesB. buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th centuryC. buttons were used as ornaments before the 13thcenturyD. buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ___________.A. were a symbol of wealthB. were occasionally put on clothesC. began to have practical functionsD. represented the wearers' artistic taste54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once __________.A. loved by every citizenB. banned because they were a crazeC. considered harmful and nobody wore themD. forbidden on the upper arms55. It seems to the author that buttons _________.A. are worth a second lookB. have never served any functionC. should not be sewed on coatsD. play an important role in cur lives56. Male and female dress is now buttoned _________.A. on the right sideB. on the left sideC. on different sidesD. on the same sidePassage TwoBehind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when we finally clean up our act.If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn't apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself, provided the damage is not too great.The effects of some bad habits--smoking, in particular--can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed. “Any time you improve your behavior and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on”, says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It's like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance”.But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research:--A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that of women who eat less than one serving of fish a month.--The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline Adopting healthy habits won't cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that many chronic diseases--from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers----can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.Not sure where to star? Surprisingly, it doesn't matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make enough changes, and you'll discover you've adopted a new way of life.57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that _________.A. they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decadesB. their bodies cannot be damaged by the bad habitsC. their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outsideD. they can force themselves to clean up the bad habits later58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible ___________.A. is seldom apparentB. is clearly shown in the mirrorC. will appear obvious sooner or laterD. is still a question59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits _________.A. when the damage is not very seriousB. no matter how serious the damage isC. after we have dropped our bad habitsD. much more slowly than we think60. According to the recent announcements,___________.A. women should eat as much fish as possibleB. women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than menC. eating a little more fish can improve women's healthD. men don't have to eat as much fish as women61. It is implied in the passage that ___________.A. smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokersB. the blood of smokers is more sticky, than that of non-smokersC. smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smokingD. chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _________.A. when we should start quitting our bad habitsB. it doesn't matter how we start quitting our bad habitsC. that making enough changes wilt make doctors unnecessary to usD. it's never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestylePassage ThreeOur true challenge today is not debts and deft, its or global competition but the need to find a way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet's biosphere, which supports all life. Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collapse of the very elements that keep us alive.An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance, you might assume that they are readily available and better yet, that you may pick from a wide variety. But do you know that there are far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100 years ago?Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter?In the 1840's, Ireland's population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called lumpers was the most widely grown.In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight struck mad wiped out almost the entire crop. “Most of Ireland survived that difficult year,” wrote Paul Raeburn in hisbook The Last Harvest--The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy American Agriculture. “The devastation came the next year. Farmers had no choice but to plant the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this time with overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.” Historians estimate that up to 1 million people died of starvation, while another 1.5 million emigrated, most to the United States. Those remaining suffered from crushing poverty.In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity, within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to disease or pests, which can destroy an entire region's harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides, even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting, attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But these trends may be destroying man's own food supply.63. The main idea of the passage is___________.A. it is important to protect the earth's bio-diversityB. man is destroying his own food supplyC. we now have fewer bio-species than beforeD. numerous strains of plants can resist plagues64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United States _________.A. it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant familyB. over 80% of its varieties have been destroyedC. we have done our best to protect itD. it is as wide as it was 100 years ago65. The author tells the story in Ireland in the 1840's to show that__________.A. farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South AmericaB. potatoes should not be gown as a dietary, mainstayC. lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoesD. biodiversity is essential to life on earth66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840's_________.A. caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedlyB. caused Ireland's population to decline by halfC. destroyed the whole Irish agricultural traditionD. seriously devastated Ireland's economy67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants _________.A. ward off some disastrous diseases and pestsB. resist natural disasters such as droughtsC. withstand the harmful effect of pesticidesD. yield bumper harvests68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties with one uniform crop?A. They want to make more money.B. They want to have a higher output.C. They want to prevent the destruction of human food.D. They want to make their products more attractive.Passage FourIt is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A man's purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.Okay, so that's the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man's lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well, men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises "good" cholesterol.As Perls's study points out: "Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and violet behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a 'testosterone storm.' Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide...and drownings."While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn't account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown it's true.If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New England Centenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, cancer diabetes and Alzheimer's. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92, and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. "Centenarians disprove the perception that 'the older you get, the sicker you get.' Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier you've been."69. This passage mainly discusses ____________.A. why women lead a healthier life than menB. how women can live longer and stay healthyC. what keeps men from enjoying a longer life spanD. whether men's life style leads to their early death70. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following a major factor is contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?A. Their natural urge to remain healthy.B. Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.C. Their need to bear healthy offspring.D. Their desire to have mere children.71. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dweller past” to ___________.A. support the argument about women's role in rearing childrenB. summarize a possible cause of different life expectanciesC. challenge the theory about our ancestors' behavior patternsD. illustrate the history of human evolution process72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that__________.A. increases as men grow olderB. reduces risk factors in male behaviorC. leads to aggressive behavior and heart diseaseD. accounts for women's dislike for violent films73. Compared with women, men as a whole______________.A. suffer from depression more oftenB. suffer from diseases later than womenC. are reluctant to have physical checkupsD. are not affected by violent movies74. Centenarians refer to people who ___________.A. live longer than femalesB. live at the turn of the centuryC. are extremely independentD. are a hundred years or olderPassage FiveLast year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new features in high-end cars: the OnStar personal security system.The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cellphone, to a member of the onStar staff. A Global Positioning System, or G.P.S., helps the employee give verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the company can track it to help arrest the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car's security features, the less secure he felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else--law enforcement officers, or hackers----could listen in on his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. "While I don't believe G.M. intentionally designed this system to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy," he said.Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal which company was involved. A three-judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the safety services. OnStar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An OnStar spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries were overblown. The signals that the company sends to unlock car doors or track location-based information can be triggered only with a secure exchange of specific identifying data, which ought to hinder all but the most determined hackers, she said.75. The most important feature of OnStar advertised by the company is that it can_____________.A. help people find their cars in the big parking lotB. give verbal direction to drivers lost in unfamiliar areasC. open car doors for owners unable to find their car keysD. make it difficult for thieves to get away with stolen cars76. We can conclude from the passage that OnStar is __________.A. too complicated to use especially for new driversB. not as useful and effective as the company claimsC. popularly used among the more expensive carsD. not widely used in the country except in a few states77. Mr. Dunnam felt dissatisfied with OnStar because ___________.A. his personal information might be revealedB. his demand for better services was rejectedC. OnStar posed potential danger to driving safetyD. OnStar had been developed mainly to facilitate police work78. The three-judge panel rejected the request of the federal authorities because_________.A. it was in violation of individual privacyB. it was against the Constitution of the nationC. the wiretap might affect the safety of personal dataD. the wiretap might reduce the efficiency of the system79. OnStar spokeswoman suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries ____________.A. exaggerated the problems that might occurB. represented reasonable concerns of customersC. presented problems for them to solveD. made sense due to the existence of hackers80. The passage is mainly written to___________.A. promote the brand and sale of OnStarB. point out the worries caused by OnStarC. introduce the new features of OnStarD. show the future trend represented by OnStarPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry and elaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification. When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children to native speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition won't be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。