大学英语阅读汇总

Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for atleast six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it.Modern ingenuity (创造力) has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present,it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons, may before long,offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never bedone until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon internationalquestions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killingpeople, but by arbitration (调解) in accordance with a greed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mentalhabits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a bigerror. All ideologies are based on dogmatic (教条式的)statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totallyfalse. Their adherents believe in them fanatically (狂热地) that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It hasbecome a commonplace (老生长谈)that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in theworld, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to bethought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reachagreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be under stood that theimportant conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atom bomb.1、This passage implies that war now is _________A. as necessary as in the pastB. as bad as in the pastC. not so dangerous as in the pastD. worse than in the past2、In the sentence To do this, we need to persuade mankind... (Line 6, Para.1), his refers to _________A. abolishing warB. improving weaponsC. solving international problemsD. living a peaceful life3、From Paragraph 2, we learn that the author of the passage____A. is a supporter of some modem ideologiesB. does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent warC. believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent war D .has no doubt about the truth of anyideologies4、The last paragraph suggests that_________A. international agreements can be reached more easily nowB. man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC. nuclear war will definitely not take placeD. world opinion welcomes nuclear war5、According to the author,_________.A. war is the only way to solve international disputesB. war will be less dangerous because of the improvement ofweaponsD. war must be abolished if man wants to surviveC.it is impossible for man to live without warA useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere insuch quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or material adversely (有害地.. Air pollution requires a veryflexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England inthe fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled—a far cry (悬殊的差别. from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of thehealth aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even watervapor (水蒸气)might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, arefound in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations (浓度)of these pollutants were altered by variouschemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical (生物地球化学的) cycles. These serve as an airpurification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature'soutput of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occursin a localized area, such as a city.In this localized region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purificationscheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious (有害的)chemicals in the air. Theconcentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than theconcentrations that the pollutants wouldhave in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant;in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentrationthat would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at0.08 parts permillion (ppm., which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppmand is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.6、It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _________A. water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areasB. a substance becomes an air pollutant only in citiesC. the definition of air pollution will continue to changeD. most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled7、In what way can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?A. They function as part of a purification process.B. They are dwarfed by the pollutants produced by human activities.C.They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants.D.They have existed since the Earth developed.8、According to the passage, the numerical value Of the concentration level of a substance is only useful ifA. the other substances in the area are knownB. it is a localized areaC. it can be calculated quicklyD. the naturally occurring level is also known9、Which of the following is best supported by the passage?A. To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly revise the air pollution laws.B. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.C. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.D. Human activities have great impact on air pollution.10、The passage mainly discusses _________A. how much damage air pollutants can cause.B. the economic impact on air pollutionC. what constitutes an air pollutantD. the quantity of compounds added to the atmosphere【答案解析】1-6 DABAD6-10 CADDAIf it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis orto findind thegifted few andtake them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for thejob must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,wemust produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation,largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The publicschool musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wisejudgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relationof thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ among the natural sciencestbemselves.Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn ourattention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.A. awardedB . heavilyC. classicalD. displayE. establishedF. systemG. involvedH.defeatedI.continuallyJ. speciallyK.emphasesL. establishmentM. specialistsN. cardedO. judge答案解析：36-45 FNBMO HKCIEThe National Park Service in the United States will mark its_____1_________________ anniversary in 2016.As it nears its second century, the Park Service plans to__2_____________ its educational programs for students andteachers.national visit each year to for plans include___3____________________ one hundred thousand students Theparks to learn about nature and history Yellowstone is believed to have been the world's first national park when itwas established in __4_________. Other students will __5_____________________ to see parks in faraway placesthrough Skype and other _6_____________ programs.nonprofit a partners is provide education. One of its Park The National Service also works with partners toorganization called __7_____________________. Nature Bridge is celebrating its fortieth anniversary and says onemillion young people___8__________________________ its programs. The organization works with students fromparks as its uses national classrooms. It kindergarten through_9___________________ andprovides___10__________________________ at Yosemite National Park and four other locations in California andthe northwestern state of Washington.The National Park Service in the United States will mark its one hundredth anniversary in 2016. As it nears itssecond century, the Park Service plans to increase its educational programs for students and teachers.The plans include transportation support for one hundred thousand students each year to visit national parks tolearn about nature and history. Yellowstone is believed to have been the world's first national park when it wasestablished in 1872. Other students will get a chance to see parks in faraway places through Skype and other onlineprograms.The National Park Service also works with partners to provide education. One of its partners is a nonprofitorganization called Nature Bridge. Nature Bridge is celebrating its fortieth anniversary and says one million youngpeople have taken part in its programs. The organization works with students from kindergarten through twelfth gradeand uses national parks as its classrooms. It provides field science programs at Yosemite National Park and four otherlocations in California and the northwestern state of Washington.Now, Nature Bridge is launching an East Coast center with a four-million-dollar grant from Google. Theprogram will begin in April at the Prince William Forest Park in Virginia. Students stay for three to five days inNatureBridge programs. The activities are aimed at developing their science skills. For example, they learn aboutdifferent soils and study water quality under a microscope.Jason Morris is executive vice president of Nature Bridge. He says when they are not sleeping, eating or in alaboratory, the students spend their time outdoors. Julia Washburn is associate director of education and interpretationfor the National Park Service. She says in a time of budget cuts, the agency has to find ways to still meet its goals. Ms.Washburn says one of the most important services that the Park Service provides every day is nature interpretation.Park rangers (公园管理员) try to make visiting the outdoors more meaningful. Interpretation is a form of informaleducation. Essentially, it is a word that we use for the people in parks that explain the park or help orient(确定方向)you. So park rangers are interpreters. They orient you to the place you are in and help you make connections,emotional and intellectual connections, with the place.New research shows that overweight or even mildly obese people have a lower risk of early death than peopleconsidered to be normal weight. Researchers examined the results of 97 studies. Most of the studies were less than 10years old. They included almost three million adults from around the world, including the United States, Canada,China, Taiwan, Brazil, India and Mexico.The researchers work at the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the United States Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention.They found that people who are considered overweight or slightly obese were five to six percent less likely todie from all causes than people of normal weight. People with higher obesity ratings, however, had almost a 30percent greater risk of death compared to normal-weight individuals.Katherine Flegal was the lead author of the study. She says she was not surprised that overweight people wouldnot have a higher risk of death.“Because we'd actually already read a lot of this literature and realized it waslikely that [mortality rates for]overweight would be at least not higher than normal weight. I guess I was a little bit surprised that it was definitelylower. And I was also surprised that the lower rates of obesity also didn't seem to differ from normal weight.”But she says the difference in death rates appears to be small betweennormal-weight people and those who areoverweight or mildly obese.The study has raised new questions about “body mass index,”or BMI. This is a measurement of body fat as aratio of height to weight. BMI guidelines were used as a basis for the study. In recent years, many public healthexperts have promoted body mass index as a way to predict the risk of health problems. But a person's BMI can bemisleading in some cases.Steven Heymsfield is the executive director of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge,Louisiana. He says people can be physically fit and in good health, but might weigh more because they are moremuscular.“It's very common in the military, for example, where you have young men and women who are very physically fit --their BMI can be a little higher. And so the military knows that, and they check people with body fat measurement ifthey exceed the BMI guideline.”Still, Dr. Heymsfield says people should not think gaining extra weight is OK just because of the new findings. Hesays being at a healthy weight lowers the risk for heart disease and diabetes. He and a colleague wrote an editorialthat appeared along with the study in the Journal of the American Medical Association.。