高三限时训练5-8
高三地理一轮复习 限时训练(八)

限时训练(八)-等值线专题图5示意1月、7月北半球纬向风的平均风向及风速(单位:m/s)随纬度和高度的变化。
读图回答1~2题。
1.图中风向和风速季节变化最大的是 ( )A.①B.②C.③D.④2.下列地理现象与图中风向、风速纬度分布规律相似的是 ( )A.气温分布B.降水分布C.地势起伏D.洋流分布图3为我国某区域冬季某日8时至次日8时的降雪量和积雪深度分布图,该时段该区域风向主要为偏东风,云量分布差异不明显。
完成3-5题。
3.造成该区域东西部积雪深度差异的主要因素是 ( )A. 降雪量B.温度C.光照D.地形4.图中M地积雪深度低于周围地区,该地可能是 ( )A.农田B.林地C.城区D.乡村5.道路积雪会影响交通,应用GPS技术可以 ( )A.获取道路积雪影像数据B.解译积雪遥感影像C.分析道路积雪空间分布D.确定待救援车辆位置图5(a)为某班一次地理野外实习的观测点分布图,①-④为观测点编号。
图5(b)为该班某小组在其中一个观测点所做的记录卡片。
完成6-7题。
6.根据图5(b)中记录的信息判断,卡片中“观测点编号”应为图5(a)中的A.①B.②C.③D.④7.图5(b)中地质剖面示意图所示沉积岩层由老到新顺序是A.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢB. Ⅱ、Ⅰ、ⅢC.Ⅲ、Ⅰ、ⅡD.Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ(2011年大纲全国卷,9~10)一般情况下,空气的密度与气温、空气中的水汽含量呈负相关。
如图示意北半球中纬某区域的地形和8时气温状况剖面。
高空自西向东的气流速度约20千米/时。
据此回答8~9题:8.此时甲、乙、丙三地的大气垂直状况相比较( )A.甲地比乙地稳定B.乙地对流最旺盛C.乙地比丙地稳定D.丙地最稳定9.正午前后( )A.甲地气温上升最快B.乙地可能出现强对流天气C.丙地刮起东北风D.甲地出现强劲的偏南风(2010年山东文综,3)如图为北半球中纬度某地某日5次观测到的近地面气温垂直分布示意图。
当日天气晴朗,日出时间为5时。
高三英语晚自习限时训练

高三英语晚自习限时训练一、阅读理解AExperience College at HarvardChallenge yourself in college-level academics. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.Pre-College ProgramAn intense and exciting glimpse into the college experience. During this intensive two-week program, you will take the first steps toward your college j ourney alongside a diverse group of exceptional high school students.• Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades.• Engage with your peers in structured co-curricular activities, college readiness workshops, and social events.• Two weeks, non-creditSecondary School ProgramImmerse yourself in college life for seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week program, you can earn college credit while experiencing firsthand what it’s really like to be a college student.• Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school.• Prepare for the future as you experience what it’s really like to balance responsibility with independence in one of three program formats – online, commuting, or residential. • Seven weeks, college creditApplication is now open for both high school programs! See program calendars for important dates and deadlines.To get our updates, join our mailing list for helpful information and important deadlines. Start your education journey today!1. What can we learn about the two programs?A.All the learning activities take place online.B.They are required procedures for college application.C.They challenge the students with college-level courses.D.Students can earn college credits after learning the two programs.2. According to this passage, applicants can .A.start to apply for both programs nowB.pay for the program calendars from todayC.apply for the programs throughout the yearD.download a mailing list to get helpful updates3. What is the purpose of this passage?A.To raise money for Harvard Summer Programs.B.To show the diverse courses in Harvard University.C.To share the college learning experience with readers.D.To introduce Harvard Summer Programs for high school students.BOne third of adults over 65 in America have never used the Internet, and half don’t even have Internet access at home. In San Francisco, “the center of tech”, 40% of older adults do not have basic digital literacy skills.This situation is becoming appalling as over 10,000 Americans turn 65 every single day. By 2050,22% of Americans will be 65 or older. Meanwhile, technology is developing very fast. This means that a large number of people will be unable to proficiently use emergent technology.Many people believe that seniors aren’t required to participate in our tech future because they’ll be retired and relaxed soon. But this is the farthest thing from the truth. Baby boomers are currently experiencing a different boom: With more people getting older than ever before, their life expediencies are also increasing dramatically. With medical advancements, the number of American people projected to live into the ir 90’s has doubled since 1965.However, they don’t have strong financial or educational support. This is not a problem; it’s a crisis. More than half of employees over 50 have been laid off in what’s being called ”forced retirement“. And few organizations are actively helping older employees make the transition from full-time jobs to part-time ones. For those fortunate enough to be employed, 3 out of 5 older workers experience prejudice.The easiest solution is to teach digital literacy. If baby boomers want to survive the forthcoming retirement crisis, they should get enough digital knowledge and skills to operate today’s tools and tomorrow’s platforms. With every crisis comes an opportunity. Tutoring, customer service, editing, research, book-keeping, and other virtual assistance-based work open the doors. But again, digital knowledge is first required to live in our high-tech society and gig economy. So try to get more online and navigate the growing number of sites and apps.;4. What does the underline d word “appalling” probably mean in paragraph2? A.Confusing. B.Terrible. C.Controllable. D.Inspiring.;5. What problem may baby boomers face?A.A crisis after retirement. B.Being knocked out in the future. C.Failing to receive good healthcare. D.Tending to double their life expediencies.;6. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.The features of high-tech jobs. B.The way out for baby boomers. C.Potential industries in the future. D.The importance of developing technology.;7. What does the author advise baby boomers to do?A.Have a good sense of crisis. B.Avoid retiring at an early age. C.Look for many part-time jobs. D.Improve digital literacy actively.CGrowing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become toomuch? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn't exclusive to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet x k w someone. Within five minutes they have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学),says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could really be.However, Dr. Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become-provided that the posts that we bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avo id showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense-if your date is going “that well", would you really have time to share a photo with text?So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.;8. What does the underlined word “exclusive" in paragraph 2 mean?A.Unique.B.Similar.C.Relevant.D.Fundamental.;9. Why do some people prefer oversharing at parties?A.To draw others' attention.B.To satisfy others' curiosity.C.To remove negative feelings.D.To develop good relationships.;10. Which of the following may Dr. Hand agree with?A.Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy.B.Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help.C.Sharing negative posts can't help one become socially attractive.D.Oversharing isn't likely to happen online when things go wrong.;11. According to the text, what should be avoided for online sharing?A.Reflecting on past bad manners.B.Showing a great many expensive goods.C.Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast.D.Recording unforgettable moments with friends.二、七选五阅读For most Americans, the weeks between Thanks giving and New Year’s Day are a time when we’re eating more than we should. 12 The problem wasn’t really thesmall weight increase but that study participants never lost what they put on during the holiday season.So, how do you avoid gaining weight without missing out on the holiday fun? There are several small changes we can make.We have to make time to exercise. With all the shopping that needs to be done and the holiday get-togethers, the first thing cut out of our schedules is often exercise. 13 Exercise not only burns off those holiday treats, it reduces our stress as well.14 Allow yourself to enjoy the foods you really love, but choose wisely and watch your portion (份额) size. If you’ve looked forward to Aunt Sally’s Christmas cookies all year, have one. Mindful eating is the key. Take a small portion of your favorite dessert or high-calorie dish and then enjoy it.Try never to go to a holiday celebration hungry. When you are really hungry, you tend to eat more than you normally would. 15 Then you’ll find it easier to control how much you eat.Weigh yourself at least once a week on the same day, at the same time and on the same scale (称). It’s important to keep in mind that our weight can change because of salt intake or other factors. 16A.Mind your table manners while eating.B.You don’t need to give up all of the holiday goodies.C.However, knowing your weight helps to keep you on track.D.Have a high-fiber, low-calorie snack before attending a party.E.A study found participants gained just over a pound during this time.F.Instead, this is the time we should put working out at the top of our to-do list. G.Researchers suggest people eat smaller meals more times during the course of the day.三、完型填空Sammie Vance approached her principal at Haley Elementary with the idea of installing “buddy benches” into her school playground to help others feel less lonely. The principal 17 of the idea. But wooden benches are18 . Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars. However, a bench made of 19 bottle caps would only be around $250. So Sammie 20 others in her community to collect enough caps to make one bench. 21 , she managed to get bottle caps from 50 states. And th us, the initiative of “Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project” was 22 .Pretty soon, Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project began commanding the 23 of several news media. For her amazing efforts, Sammie has been chosen the receiver of several 24 and was 25 one of People magazine’s “Girls Changing the World”. And 26 , more than 200 bottle cap buddy benches have been around at schools and parks across the country, plus Mexico and Australia.This is, of course, not just a beautiful story ab out helping others. It’s also a major win for 27 . It is reported that 1.3 billion bottle caps are used each year. These caps cannot be recycled in the same way along with plastic bottles 28 each has a different melting point, and when they are 29 in, it can ruin an entire batch (一批). And that’s when they get discarded. Millions of caps have been found in our 30 alone, whichcan be devastating to marine life. In fact, it’s one of the leading 31 of death. It’s big carin g hearts like Sammie’s that help our planet heal against damage.17. A.complained B.allowed C.approved D.spoke18. A.costly B.heavy C.productive D.valueless19. A.reviewed B.recreated C.removed D.recycled20. A.kept track of B.reached out to C.sang high praises for D.got rid of21. A.Unfortunately B.Accordingly C.Apparently D.Eventually22. A.born B.promoted C.obtained D.commented23. A.attraction B.attention C.acceptance D.admission24. A.campaigns B.contests C.assemblies D.awards25. A.nicknamed B.introduced C.defined D.named26. A.the other day B.to date C.by then D.until recently27. A.sustainability B.changeability C.adaptability D.visibility28. A.though B.as C.if D.when29. A.combined B.mixed C.involved D.fitted30. A.fields B.walls C.oceans D.rains31. A.explanations B.questions C.ways D.causes四、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
高考语文 考前30天三轮专题提分必练绝密之5——8(课标专用)

2012年高考前30天三轮专题提分必练绝密专题之五[语言基础知识+语言运用]一、语言基础知识(9分)1.下列各句中,加点词语使用正确的一句是(3分)( )A.日本接连发生的大地震和核泄漏事件,正在考验着菅直人的政治能力,日本经济的现状也已如履薄冰....,濒临崩溃的边缘。
B.期中考试后,老师展示了同学们的扫描版试卷,有些同学的卷面真是惨不忍睹,个别更是笔走龙蛇....,看不清楚写的是什么。
这给我们敲响了警钟,以后一定好好练字。
C.近年来,文艺创作存在一些问题,主要是创新意识不强,模仿之风盛行。
如《印象·刘三姐》成功之后,各地一哄而起,大同小异,在视觉上和审美上使观众和游客感到疲劳,对此啧有烦言....。
D.去年,一名乞丐——“犀利哥”引起了国人的注意,其照片风靡网络,犀利哥也迅速走红,由于他的行为举止特立独行....,有些人开始怀疑他乞丐身份的真实性。
2. 下列各句中,没有语病的一句是(3分)( )A.南山风景区在省内首家推出了免费智能电子导游服务项目,每位购票游客都可以领取一个电子导游器,享受一对一的讲解服务,这项服务丰富了景区的旅游品质和文化内涵。
B.北京交响乐团“高雅艺术进校园”活动日前启动,主办方希望通过这种方式,让更多的观众尤其是广大青少年近距离欣赏交响乐。
C.在杨善洲住院的最后几十天里,一直陪伴着他的除了家人,还有两位特殊的“亲人”:大亮山林场原场长自学洪和他以前的秘书苏加祥。
D.由于社会和家庭对素质教育的推广,促进了中学生的阅读选择,青少年从简单的功能型阅读、功利性阅读、从众型阅读逐渐向知识型阅读、愉悦型阅读、个性化阅读转变。
3.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是(3分)( )参窝水库是辽宁省大型水库之一,位于辽阳县、灯塔县和弓长岭区交界处的太子河干流上。
参窝水库________, ________,________,________,________,________,山鸡鸿雁分布沟渠水边。
高三数学限时训练(8)

2014-2015学年高三数学(理科)限时训练(8)一、选择题1.已知)2,23(,1312cos ππαα∈=,则=+)4(cos πα ( ) A.1325 B. 1327 C. 26217 D. 2627 2.若均βα,为锐角,==+=ββααcos ,53)(sin ,552sin 则( ) A. 552 B. 2552 C. 2552552或D. 552- 3.=+-)12sin12(cos)12sin12(cosππππ( )A. 23-B. 21-C. 21D. 234.=-+0tan50tan703tan50tan70 ( )A.3 B.33 C. 33- D. 3- 5.=⋅+ααααcos2cos cos212sin22( ) A. αtan B. αtan2 C. 1 D.21 6.已知x 为第三象限角,化简=-x 2cos 1( )A.x sin 2 B. x sin 2- C. x cos 2 D. x cos 2-7. 已知等腰三角形顶角的余弦值等于54,则这个三角形底角的正弦值为( ) A .1010 B .1010- C .10103 D .10103-8. 若).(),sin(32cos 3sin 3ππϕϕ-∈-=-x x x ,则=ϕ( )A. 6π- B.6π C. 65π D. 65π-二、填空题9.已知βα,为锐角,的值为则βαβα+==,51cos ,101cos .10.在ABC ∆中,已知tanA ,tanB 是方程23720x x -+=的两个实根,则tan C = .11.若542cos ,532sin-==αα,则角α的终边在 象限. 12.代数式sin15cos75cos15sin105oooo+= _______.13. 化简sin 2sin cos 2cos 1θθθθ+++=________________.14.函数22sin cos()336x x y π=++的图象中相邻两对称轴的距离是_______________. 答题栏姓名:_____________________学号:_____________________分数:_____________________9.___________________ 10._________________ 11._________________12.___________________ 13._________________ 14.__________________15.已知函数2())2sin ()()612f x x x x R ππ=-+-∈.(1)求函数()f x 的最小正周期; (2)求函数()f x 取得最大值的所有x 组成的集合.答题栏姓名:_____________________学号:_____________________分数:_____________________9.______43π______ 10.____7-______ 11._______第四____12.______ 1_____ 13.______tan θ___ 14._____ 32π_____15.解:(1())1cos 2()612f x x x ππ=-+--)cos(2)166x x ππ=---+1)cos(2)]1626x x ππ=---+2sin[(2)]166x ππ=--+2sin(2)13x π=-+。
超实用高考英语复习:填写板块限时模拟训练08 语法填空+应用文写作+读后续写(原卷版,含答题卡)

填写板块限时模拟训练08语法填空+应用文写作+读后续写时间:45分钟满分:55分Ⅰ.语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)(2022·河北正定中学)Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a ___36___ (total) different country? If so, then you are a third-culture kid.The term “third-culture kid” ___37___ (use) in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while ___38___ (research) North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit ___39___ their intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.Yet many ___40___ (difficulty) may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt ___41___ (they) completely to their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard ___42___ (develop) new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often ___43___ (easy) to move to a new country than to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country ___44___ she was born. She didn’t know anything about current TV shows ____45____ fashion trends. And she didn’t share the same values as other teens of her age.Ⅰ.写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)(2022·浙江五校联考)假定你是李华,近日你校举办了以“中国传统文化之美”为主题的首届校园文化节。
2022届高三阅读理解专项训练5+含答案

阅读理解限时训练五(请在35分钟内完成)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AA Visitor's Guide to Bike Hire in AmsterdamMany of the must-see spots in Amsterdam can be seen on a one-day bike tour. Some of the city's major bike rental shops include:Yellow BikeYellow Bike has two locations in Amsterda-Nieuwezijds Kolk 29 and Nieuwe Nieuwstraat 16.They are only a 3-minute walk from Central Station.The company's trademark bright yellow bikes make renting from Yellow Bike great for beginners. Bike rental costs € 12 for 24 hours and €20 for 48 hours.Open 09:30-17:00.MacBikeMacBike rents out more than 2,000 bikes across five branches in Amsterdam. Its offices are located at Central Station, Oosterdok, Leidseplein,V ondelpark and Waterlooplein.The cost of the hire depends on which model you choose. Three-gear(齿轮)city bikes cost €14.75 for 24 hours.You can also rent electric bikes, tandems(前后双人自行车),children’s bikes and bikes with child seats. Open 09:00-18:00.Bike CityJust around the corner from Anne Frank House,Bike City rents out two types of black city bike.One comes with three gears. The other comes with seven,which is ideal for covering larger distances. Rental costs E 17 for 24hours for the basic bike.Open 09:00-17:30.Discount Bike RentalDiscount Bike Rental offers bikes of all shapes and sizes at a reasonable price. With daytime prices that start at € 7.50 for pedal-brake bikes, this one's perfect for anyone exploring the Dutch capital on a budget. Open 09:00-17:30.1.How much will you pay if you rent a Yellow Bike for two days?A.€20.B.€14.75.C.E17.D.€24.2.Which rental shop allows you to enjoy a bike trip with your kids?A.Yellow Bike.B. MacBikeC.Bike City.D. Discount Bike Rental.3.Who are most likely to rent a bike from Discount Bike Rental?A.People who have to get off work after 17:30.B.People who want to cycle for a larger distance.C.People who visit the capital of Holland for the first time.D.People who expect to explore Amsterdam with less money.BAdrian’s “Amazing Race” started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn’t hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired(听觉受损的), he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children, However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor,she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words. Later on, Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so,saying regular schools couldn't take care of a special needs student.His parents were determined to take the risk and pushed him hard to go through his work every day because they wanted to prove that,given the opportunity, he could do anything.Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge.The pace(节奏)was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn’t always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school.The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a lop high school.He also achieved a lot in life outside school.He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains.He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06-being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so.But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother. “If you believe in yourself and work hand, you can achieve great results.” She often said.4.How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school?A. By speaking.B. By using sign language.C.By reading lips.D.By making loud noises.5.Why did Adrian's parents decide to send him to a regular school?A. They wanted him to live a normal life.B. They wanted to prove the headmaster wrung.C. He wouldn't mix with other disabled children.D. He wasn’t taken good care of in the special school.6.How did Adrian finally succeed in his study?A. He did a lot of outdoor activities.B. He was serious about his class.C. He attended private classes after school.D. He worked very hand both in and after class.7.Why is Adrian's life described as an “Amazing Race"?A. He did very well in his study.B.He succeeded in entering a regular school.C. He reached his goals in spite of his disability.D. He took part in the World Yacht Race 05/06.CUsing too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌)amad can lead to less useable fresh water,A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱)than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher(洗碗机)only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.8.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?ing river water.B.Throwing batteries away.C. Paving parking lots.D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.9. What can be inferred about the water supply from the text?A. All water shortages are due to human behavior.A.To tell us how to run a dishwasher.B. To show us how to fix leaks at home.C.To prove what drinking glass is best for us.D. To suggest what we do to save water at home.11.What is the text mainly about?A. Why paving roads reduces our water.B. How much we depend on water to live.C. Why droughts occur more in dry climates.D. How human activity affects our water supply.DAnimals can move from place to place,but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away.For example,the leaves of the holly plant have sharp sines刺)that discourage grass-eating animals.Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches.This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree,have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to reach. grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction.Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a caterpillar(毛虫)bites a tobacco leaf,the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has -prickly(多刺的)leave, and catch pricklecontains poisonous venom.A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.12.Why does the holly plant have more spines on the lower leaves?A. Most animals are not tall enough.B. Most animals are not clever enough.C.Most animals like the lower leaves only.D.Most animals can gel the lower leaves easily.13. What do oak trees use to defend themselves?A. Chemical means. B Physical means.C.Bitter chemicals.D.Sandy materials.14. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?A.Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D.Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Plants and AnimalsB. Attacks and DefensesC. How Animals Eat Plant LeavesD.How Plants Defend Themselves第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
高三英语晚自习限时训练 (1)

高三英语限时训练一、阅读理解A7-Day Tour from London to EdinburghA London guide will show you the city’s famous landmarks like Buckingham Palace, Downing Street and Westminster Abbey. Then, in Edinburgh, you’ll tour the castle and see Scotland’s Crown Jewels. From the historical sights to the beautiful scenery, this guided tour of England and Scotland is a great way to experience everything Britain has to offer.Starting at: $849 per person9-Day Tour from Dublin to LondonYour guided tour of Ireland and Britain begins in the capital cityof Dublin. Enjoy seeing the “Fair City”, including the statue-lined O’Connell Street, Trinity College, and St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Your local guide will show you the famous sights, including the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey and Buckingham Palace. This guided tour of Ireland and Britain is a welcome escape with fewer crowds and lower costs than high-season tours.Starting at: $1069 per person7-Day Tour from London to ParisYour guided vacation in London begins with a welcome dinner and a cruise on the Thames River to admire the Tower Bridge and the Houses of Parliament. You’ll spend three nights in London to see the sites ofthis historic city—from Big Ben to Buckingham Palace, and also St. Paul’s Cathedral. Then you’ll enjoy a 3-night stay in Paris. This includes sightseeing at the Arc de Triomphe, Concorde Square, Champs-Elysees, and a Seine cruise. This guided tour of London and Paris is certain to be enjoyable with fewer crowds in the off-season!Starting at: $1149 per person1. How much would a couple pay for the 7-day tour from London to Edinburgh?A.$849. B.$1149. C.$1698. D.$2138.2. Which place can you visit if you take the 9-day tour from Dublin to London?A.Downing Street. B.Trinity College. C.The Thames River. D.Concorde Square.3. What do the three tours have in common?A.They are all guided tours for visitors.B.People will spend the same amount of time.C.They all begin in the capital city of London.D.People can enjoy the same number of sights.BRace walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rulesrequire that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of theleg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such anattractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistantprofessor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon amo ng race walkers. But thesport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to becautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.4. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A.They must run long distances.B.They are qualified for the marathon.C.They have to follow special rules.D.They are good at swinging their legs.5. What advantage does race walking have over running?A.It’s more popular at the Olympics.B.It’s less challenging physically.C.It’s more effective in body building.D.It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.6. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A.Getting experts’ opinions.B.Having a medical checkup.C.Hiring an experienced coach.D.Doing regular exercises.7. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.CAn unconventional method for growing rice has been found to increase yields(产量) by 20 to 50 percent. Reports from China, India, Southeast Asia and Africa suggest that average yield increases of 20 to 50 percent are regularly being achieved by farmers adopting the "system of rice intensification(集约化)"(SRI),which needs one-tenth as many seeds and aims to stimulate the root system of plants rather than trying to increase yields in the conventional way by using improved seeds and fertilizers.The idea of using less to gain more is seen as an important innovation(革新) for adapting farming to climate change and a way to increase yields at a time when human populations are growing fast but traditional plant breeding and genetically modified techniques have failed to increase yields more than a few percentage points, says Norman Uphoff, professor of international agriculture at Cornell.The new way to grow rice needs only half as much water, and is proving most popular in water-stressed countries, says Tavseef Mairaj Shah, a Ph.D.researcher. "Rice growing in Kashmir largely depends on irrigation systems that draw water from the river Jhelum. But climate change is leading to drier winters, untimely rains, and warmer summers."“SRI is a great technique, not just from the water-savingperspective but because it offers better yields and soil conditions. Different studies, both at the experimental level and farmer-participative level, have shown that SRl improves yields with less water.” Shah adds.Some academic, the global seed industry and the international community once rejected reports of “fantastic” yields, accusingfarmers of falsifying(篡改)records and researchers of carelessness and "non-science". But more than 600 articles, checked by SRI Internationalat Cornell University, have shown benefits.Uphoff says, “Attitudes are changing.The original hostility(敌意)has gone." However, the early opposition has resulted in comparativelylittle scientific research being conducted into SRI and a slow understanding by funders.8. How does SRI increase the yields of rice?A.By sowing more seeds B.By using improved seeds.C.By improving its root system. D.By adopting special fertilizers. 9. Compared with the conventional method for growing rice, SRI.A.needs less water B.increases labor costsC.requires better soil conditions D.depends on genetically modified techniques10. What was the global seed industry's initial attitude toward reportson SRI?A.Curious B.Skeptical. C.Approving D.Uninterested. 11. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.How to Increase YieldsB.People's Attitudes Towards SRIC.An Innovative Means of Growing RiceD.The Disadvantages of Conventional Plant Breeding二、完形填空A Florida man likes to shop at garage sales for old plaques(纪念匾)so he can reuse the wooden backs. Recently, he was looking through a 12 he bought years ago when one 13 a small ball caught hiseye.The man took a moment to 14 what was written on the plaque and quickly realized there was a 15 stone inside the ball-a piece ofmoon rock brought back on the Apollo 17 mission in 1972. The plaque and rock had been a 16 to the state of Louisiana by then-President Richard Nixon but 17 ended up in a garage sale for the man to find years later.“I can’t even tell you how long I 18 i t for. I’m not evensure how much I 19 for it. The wood in the plaques is such nicewood and that is what I 20 them for," the man said. The man 21 t he Louisiana governor’s office, which 22 him to the LouisianaState Museum. The man hand-delivered his 23 to the Louisiana State Museum. He didn’t want to take a chance that something might happen toit during 24 .The museum’s director is 25 for hisgenerosity and 26 for reuniting the state with this priceless object. “It is an extraordinary piece of Louisiana history,” he said. “We’re 27 to take possession of this piece and to share it withour audiences.”After Apollo 17 28 on Earth, Nixon 29 379 pieces of the satellite stone to all the states as well as foreign nations. Over time, those gifts began to 30 A 2002 search found that many were unaccounted for. To date, the fate(命运)of 171 rocks remains 3112. A.painting B.ball C.book D.collection13. A.linking B.featuring C.sharing D.obtaining14. A.read B.stress C.think D.remember15. A.normal B.new C.precious D.similar16. A.gift B.signal C.threat D.change17. A.sometimes B.somehow C.instead D.never18. A.borrowed B.returned C.owned D.lost19. A.paid B.earned C.saved D.charged20. A.carry B.prepare C.push D.buy21. A.passed B.contacted C.recognized D.trusted22. A.attracted B.added C.pointed D.reported23. A.work B.find C.receipt D.letter24. A.delivery B.discovery C.construction D.treatment25. A.eager B.responsible C.famous D.grateful26. A.reason B.demand C.concern D.claim27. A.likely B.free C.embarrassed D.excited28. A.landed B.existed C.wandered D.failed29. A.threw away B.put aside C.turned in D.handed out30. A.improve B.disappear C.drop D.matter31. A.unforgettable B.unacceptable C.unknownD.undoubted三、七选五阅读I love learning foreign languages so much that I learn a new language every two years. When people find I’m a polyglot(通晓多种语言的人),they always ask me,“How do you do that?” Honestly, my answerwill be, “I don’t know. I simply love learning languages.” 32 They want to know why they spend years learning even one language, never achieving fluency, and what’s the secret of being polyglots.33 And what do we have in common? I decided to find that out. I went to several events where language lovers gather to practice their languages, asked dozens of polyglots about methods they use, and heard dozens of approaches. Everybody seems to have a unique way to speak several languages fluently.34 All these polyglots talked about language learning as if it was great fun. They found ways to turn language learning from aboring subject into a pleasant daily activity. You should have seentheir faces when they were showing me their colorful grammar charts and handmade flash cards. 35 The methods are various, but they make sure it’s something enjoyable.I realized it’s actually how I learn. 36 Then interesting programs became my choice. So all is clear. If you don’t like writing words down on paper, type them in an app. If you’re a shy perso n, apply self-talk at home. This is how polyglots learn languages, and the best news is that it’s available to anyone willing to take the learning into their own hands.A.How can those with little talent be fluent?B.But people are never happy with the reply.C.There’s no shortcut to learning languages for anyone.D.One of them even made recipes in a foreign language.E.That made me wonder, too, how other polyglots actually do it. F.When learning Spanish last year, I was bored with textbooks. G.Polyglots simply found ways to enjoy the language-learning process.四、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which37 (name) by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate38 festival, a number of events took place at the ChineseBusinessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony.“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and the 39 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 40 (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help tobuild a community with a shared future 41 mankind,” he said.Th e “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the teaindustry to come together to promote (促进) international cooperation 42 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion-Tea RoadCooperative Plan-was also issued in accordance with the initiative.___42___ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,___43___( invite ) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the worldto have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was 43 (official) unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 44 (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth - A Special Exhibition o f Pu’er Tea.五、应用文写作47. 假定你是李华,你校将举办以“English Literature Reading”为主题的英语原阅读活动,请你用英语为本次活动写一则宣传稿,内容包括:(1)活动目的;(2)活动安排;(3)发出号召。
2023届高三英语晚自习限时训练(含答案)

2023届高三英语晚自习限时训练一、阅读理解AParis is the most wooded city in Europe, and around one quarter of its area is taken up by parks, gardens and other green spaces.Jardin des Plantes: over 28 hectaresThis impressive botanical garden is home to four museums, including the Natural History Museum, which houses a variety of African animals. The gardens themselves boast thousands of species of plants. This is a lovely place to relax and explore the beautiful surroundings.Parc des Buttes-Chaumont: over 24 hectaresIf you want to get off the tourist trail and hang out with true Parisians, this park is the perfect spot for a relaxing picnic or a leisurely wander. It is in the 19th district and is one of the largest parks in Paris. Cross its lake on the suspension bridge, or admire the waterfalls and attractive temples.Jardin du Luxembourg: over 25 hectaresThese beautiful gardens were first laid out in 1612 as the gardens of the Luxembourg Palace. They include a geometric forest, French and English style gardens, as well as a large pond. There is so much to see and do with activities especially for children, such as slides, rides and puppet shows, as well as leisure and sporting activities for adults. The gardens are home to more than one hundred sculptures.Le Parc de la Villette: 55 hectaresThis urban cultural park is so much more than just a park as it is home to numerous music venues, exhibition spaces and cafes. It is also home to no less than 12 gardens, which all follow different themes. The Passenger Gardens, for example, which are built on what was once the sheep market, support a variety of ecosystems, demonstrating the importance of biodiversity.1. Which green space probably suits students who are interested in botany?A.Jardin des Plantes. B.Parc des Buttes-Chaumont.C.Jardin du Luxembourg. D.Le Parc de la Villette.2. Which is special about Jardin du Luxembourg?A.They used to be royal gardens. B.They are Parisian favourite gardens. C.They feature American style gardens. D.They house a variely of African animals.3. What can visitors do in Le Parc de la Villette?A.Visiting museums. B.Attending concerts.C.Admiring waterfalls. D.Watching puppet shows.BA team of researchers at ETH Zurich has the perfect long-lasting solution to our fog problem. They have developed a very thin and gold-based transparent coating (涂层) that can convert sunlight into heat, which can be applied to glass and other surfaces to prevent them from fogging.The special coating is developed using titanium oxide and gold particles. It selectively absorbs infrared radiations (红外线照射) from the sunlight and creates a heating effect that is powerful enough to keep fog away from the surface of an object.The coating basically employs heat to stop fogging. The coating absorbs a large part of the infrared radiation, which causes it to heat up-by up to 8℃.Previously, products like anti-fogging sprays create a very thin film of water on the surface to remove fog. The problem with such surfaces is pollution. Along with water, the sprays also attract dirt, dust, oil, and various other dirty substances, and just a little dirt on the surface makes it useless. However, the new coating repels (排斥) water. Furthermore, the coating is significantly thinner, which makes it more transparent as well as flexible. It is heated passively and requires, during daytime, no additional energy source.Gold might be expensive, but the researchers stress that their coating requires solittle that the material costs remain low. Their coating is produced with standardized and readily scalable methods, all cost-effectively. However, although this product can work at very low levels of solar irradiation, it does rely on a certain amount of light.The researchers will develop the coating further for other applications. In the process, they will examine whether other metals work just as well as gold. There is no need to fear. However, this would cause a car or a building to heat up more in the summer. The researchers have already filed a patent. Hopefully, this groundbreaking product will soon be available on the market.;4. How does the new coating work to remove fog?A.By reflecting part of sunlight selectively.B.By keeping cool air away from the object.C.By creating a thin film of water on the surface.D.By absorbing infrared radiations to heat the coating.;5. Why does the author mention previous anti-fogging products?A.To stress the advantages of the new coating.B.To introduce the inspiration behind the new coating.C.To prove the difficulty of creating anti-fogging products.D.To explain the reason for the anti-fogging coating being popular .;6. What is the limitation of the new coating?A.It is considerably expensive.B.It depends on sunlight to work.C.It takes too much time to produce.D.It is difficult to clean and maintain.;7. What do the researchers plan to do next?A.Apply for a patent for the invention.B.Develop the product for more practical uses.C.Explore the environmental impact of the coating.D.Seek a cheaper material as an alternative to gold.CAn exhibition of vivid photographs and a restored documentary give fresh insight into the Antarctic explorer, who died a century ago.One hundred years ago, the leader of the last great expeditio n of the heroic age of polar exploration died from a heart attack as his ship, Quest, headed for Antarctica. The announcement of the death of Ernest Shackleton on 30 January 1922 was greeted with an outpouring of national grief.This was the man, after all, who had saved the entire crew of his ship Endurance —which had been crushed and sunk by ice in 1915 — by making a daring trip in a tiny open boat over 750 miles of polar sea to raise the alarm at a whaling station in South Georgia.It remains one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history and led to the idolising of Shackleton in the United Kingdom, a reputation that survived undamaged for the rest of the century. As his contemporary Raymond Priestley, the geologist and Antarctic explorer, later put it: “When disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for Shackleton.”And here and now in 2022, his death is being marked with an elaborately illustrated exhibition —Shackleton’s legacy and the power of early Antarctic pho tography — which opens at the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), and which includes a range of images and artefacts from his expeditions. Additionally, a digitally remade version of South, a documentary film of Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition, is being screened at the British Film Institute.The film and most of the exhibition’s finest images are the handiwork of Frank Hurley, who sailed with Shackleton and who was one of the 20th century’s greatest photographers and film-makers. Both film and exhibition feature striking camera work and provide vivid accounts of the hardships that Shackleton and his men endured as they headed off to explore Antarctica.Even after he survived the great expedition, he still longed for another trip to Antarctica, and after long negotiations set sail in Quest, from England, with the aim of circumnavigating (环航) Antarctica, Shackleton was by now very ill and had suffered at least one heart attack. On 2 January 1922, he wrote in his diary: “I grow old and tired but must a lways lead on.” Three days later he had a major heart attack and died a few hours later. He is buried on South Georgia, scene of his greatest triumph.“Shackleton was an inspirational leader. He had an innate sense of what was possible and achievable. He also had a huge personality but led by example. At the same time, he was sensitive to the needs of the individuals he was leading. For example, after Endurance broke up, his men had lost their protection and shelter. Their social fabric had been destroyed. There would have been disagreement. Yet Shackleton succeeded in keeping them together and made sure they survived.”8. People were overcome with grief when Ernest Shackleton died because .A.it was a huge pity that such a brave explorer should ha ve died from a heart attack B.he was the man that wrote about one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history C.he came to his entire crew’s rescue and symbolised hope in extreme circumstances D.there was no one to pray to anymore when disaster came and there was no hope9. What can we learn about the exhibition?A.It presents Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition with powerful Antarctic photos.B.It celebrates the 100th anniversary of the great explorer Ernest Shackleton’s birth. C.It consists of vivid photographs, artefacts, and documentaries of Ernest Shackleton.D.It is created by Frank Hurley, who witnessed Shackleton’s heroic acts with his own eyes.10. Which of the following is NOT true about Ernest Shackleton according to the passage? A.He was the leader of a heroic exploration to the South pole, who died from a heart attack off shore.B.He saved the crew members of the sunken Endurance by travelling to raise the alarmin a tiny boat.C.He is universally recognised as the greatest Antarctic explorer who has enjoyed enduring fame.D.He was inspirational, practical, responsible, sensitive towards his men, but had a strong character.11. What does “Their social fabric had been destroyed. ” in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.What they wore would not be accepted by others upon returning.B.They could no longer socialise with others even if they went back.C.The ship could not keep them together even if they survived.D.They could not function socially as they had when there was shelter.二、七选五阅读Do you want lots of success in school and in your friendship? If you want to learn how to balance your friendship and study, read on.• Talk about your goals for school.Share what academic success looks like for both of you. 12 Before the semester starts, sit down and discuss what you’d both like to achieve.• Share tips and tricks with each other.Exchange study techniques to learn how to be more successful. Maybe you know some learning methods like making a list of key ideas and reviewing them one hour a day. Chat about how you’ll both try to master your subjects. 13• Remind each other to take your health seriously.Put your wellness above everything else to succeed in school. 14 Get at least 8 hours of rest. Make sure to eat nutritious meals that will keep you energized. When you take care of yourselves, you’ll both reduce stress and improve your academic performances.• 15Remember that you both can overcome any challenge s with enough effort. In orderto get the most out of your studies, keep a “growth mindset”, an optimistic outlook that lets you see any difficult topic or task as an opportunity to learn.• Prioritize (优先安排) exams and finals.16 When you and your friend are in the middle of a finals week or have a huge assignment to prepare for, that should come first. Block out times on your schedules that need all your focus.A.Keep positive attitudes about school.B.Fight for any challenges enthusiastically.C.Your methods will be always encouraging.D.Give each other space during more intense periods.E.It’s important to be clear about what your goals are.F.You’ll lift each other up and get an extra edge in class.G.So you can both be at your best physically and mentally.三、完型填空When I was 13, I climbed my first mountain near my home. I was overweight thenand 17 when I reached the top. But I loved the 18 .Two years ago, my friend Mel Olsen and I drove to Oregon to climb 11,240-foot Mount Hood.As we went higher, the trail (山路) grew 19 and steeper. At around 9 a.m., we reached an ice step. Confident I was safe, I put my full 20 on it. Suddenly, I heard a 21 , and the ice broke off the step, right under my foot.In a second, I fell backward. Soon, I came to a stop on a flat slope. I 22 my whole body, feeling 23 that I was fine, except that I was suffering from a sharp painin my left 24 and couldn’t move.I 25 for help, and immediately Mel and other climbers came to assist me and called Mountain Rescue. Then I was loaded into a(n) 26 and taken to a hospital,27 I stayed for four days. The doctors told me it would be a year before I could 28 again, but I was back on the trails within six months.The fall has made me more 29 . One slip (滑倒) on a mountain can change everything. But the experience also made me 30 as a person. Since the accident, I’ve climbed another 60 mountains. I’m not going to let one fall 31 me from doing my favorite thing.17. A.out of danger B.out of trouble C.out of balance D.out of breath18. A.opportunity B.memory C.challenge D.mountain19. A.wider B.flatter C.narrower D.nearer20. A.body B.strength C.foot D.weight21. A.cry B.crack C.crash D.call22. A.calmed B.looked C.tested D.checked23. A.fortunate B.satisfied C.grateful D.confident24. A.arm B.shoulder C.leg D.eye25. A.yelled B.asked C.begged D.arranged26. A.car B.ambulance C.truck D.shelter27. A.which B.that C.where D.when28. A.jump B.move C.drive D.climb29. A.positive B.cautious C.frightened D.anxious30. A.grow B.develop C.feel D.act31. A.protect B.ban C.addict D.keep四、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
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高三限时训练517.某厂家拟在2009年举行促销活动,经调查测算,该产品的年销售量(即该厂的年产量)x 万件与年促销费用0()m m ≥万元满足31kx m =-+(k 为常数),如果不搞促销活动,则该产品的年销售量是1万件. 已知2009年生产该产品的固定投入为8万元,每生产1万件该产品需要再投入16万元,厂家将每件产品的销售价格定为每件产品年平均成本的1.5倍(产品成本包括固定投入和再投入两部分资金,不包括促销费用).(1)将2009年该产品的利润y 万元表示为年促销费用m 万元的函数; (2)该厂家2009年的促销费用投入多少万元时,厂家的利润最大?17.某公司2009年9月投资14400万元购得上海世界博览会某种纪念品的专利权及生产设备,生产周期为一年.已知生产每件纪念品还需要材料等其它费用20元,为保证有一定的利润,公司决定纪念品的销售单价不低于150元,进一步的市场调研还发现:该纪念品的销售单价定在150元到250元之间较为合理(含150元及250元).并且当销售单价定为150元时,预测年销售量为150万件;当销售单价超过150元但不超过200元时,预测每件纪念品的销售价格每增加1元,年销售量将减少1万件;当销售单价超过200元但不超过250元时,预测每件纪念品的销售价格每增加1元,年销售量将减少1.2万件.根据市场调研结果,设该纪念品的销售单价为x (元),年销售量为u (万件),平均每件纪念品的利润为y (元).⑴求年销售量为u 关于销售单价x 的函数关系式;⑵该公司考虑到消费者的利益,决定销售单价不超过200元,问销售单价x 为多少时,平均每件纪念品的利润y 最大?17.如图,在半径为30cm的半圆形(O为圆心)铝皮上截取一块矩形材料ABCD,其中点A、B在直径上,点C、D在圆周上。
(1)怎样截取才能使截得的矩形ABCD的面积最大?并求最大面积;(2)若将所截得的矩形铝皮ABCD卷成一个以AD为母线的圆柱形罐子的侧面(不计剪裁和拼接损耗),应怎样截取,才能使做出的圆柱形形罐子体积最大?并求最大面积.高三限时训练5答案17.解:(1)由题意可知,当0=m 时,1=x ,∴13k =-即2=k ,∴231x m =-+,每件产品的销售价格为8161.5xx+⨯元. ∴2009年的利润)168(]1685.1[m x xxx y ++-+⨯= m m m x -+-+=-+=)123(8484)0(29)]1(116[≥++++-=m m m ……8分(2)∵0m ≥时,16(1)81m m ++≥=+. ∴82921y ≤-+=,当且仅当1611m m =++,即3m =时,max 21y =.………………14分 答:该厂家2009年的促销费用投入3万元时,厂家的利润最大,最大为21万元.……15分17.高三限时训练616.某工艺品厂要生产如图所示的一种工艺品, 该工艺品由一个圆柱和一个半球组成, 要求半球的半径和圆柱的底面半径之比为2:3, 工艺品的体积为3cm 34π. 设圆柱的底面直径为)cm (x 4, 工艺品的表面积为)cm (S 2. (1) 试写出S 关于x 的函数关系式;(2) 怎样设计才能使工艺品的表面积最小?17.某市环保研究所对市中心每天环境污染情况进行调查研究后,发现一天中环境综合污染指数()f x 与时间x(小时)的关系为()[]212,0,2413x f x a a x x =+-+∈+,其中a 与气象有关的参数,且30,4a ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,若用每天()f x 的最大值为当天的综合污染指数,并记作()M a . (1)令[]2,0,241xt x x =∈+,求t 的取值范围; (2)求函数()M a ;(3)市政府规定,每天的综合污染指数不得超过2,试问目前市中心的综合污染指数是多少?是否超标?高三限时训练6答案16.【解】(1) 由题知圆柱的底面半径为x 2, 半球的半径为x 3. 设圆柱的高为)cm (h . 因为工艺品的体积为3cm 34π, 所以,.34h )x 2()x 3(342123π=π+⨯∴-=∴,x 29x 217h 2工艺品的表面积为 222)x 2(2)x 3(h )x 2(2)x 3(421S π⨯+π+π+π⨯=)..x 2x (17)x 29x217(x 4x 35222+π=-π+π=由0x >且,0x 29x 217h 2>-=得.351x 03<< 所以S 关于x 的函数关系式是.351x 0),x 2x (17S 32<<+π=(2) 由(1)知, .351x 0,x)1x (34)x 2x 2(17S 323<<-π=-π=' 令,0S ='得.1x =当1x 0<<时, S ,0S ∴<'关于]1,0(x ∈是单调减函数;当351x 13<<时, .S ,0S ∴>'关于)351,1[x 3∈是单调增函数∴当1x =时, S 时取得最小值π=+π=51)121(17S 2min , 此时.4h =答: 按照圆柱的高为cm 4, 圆柱的底面半径为cm 2, 半球的半径为cm 3设计, 工艺品的 表面积最小, 为.cm 512π 17.解(1)∵[]2,0,241xt x x =∈+,0x =时,0t =. 024x <≤时,1,21x t x x x x=+≥+,∴102t <≤.∴10,2t ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦。
(2)令()112,0,32g x t a a t ⎡⎤=+-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦.当1134a -<,即7012a ≤<时,()max 1552266g x g a a a ⎛⎫==-+=+⎡⎤ ⎪⎣⎦⎝⎭; 当1134a -≥,即73124a ≤<时,()()max 1102333g x g a a a ==-+=-⎡⎤⎣⎦ 。
所以()57,0,6121733,.3124a a M a a a ⎧+≤<⎪⎪=⎨⎪-≤<⎪⎩(3)当70,12a ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭时,()M a 是增函数,()7721212M a M ⎛⎫<=< ⎪⎝⎭; 当73,124a ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时,()M a 是增函数,()3232412M a M ⎛⎫≤=< ⎪⎝⎭. 综上所述,市中心污染指数是2312,没有超标.高三限时训练718.如图,实线部分的月牙形公园是由圆P 上的一段优弧和圆Q 上的一段劣弧围成,圆P 和圆Q 的半径都是2km ,点P 在圆Q 上,现要在公园内建一块顶点都在圆P 上的多边形活动场地.(1)如图甲,要建的活动场地为△RST ,求场地的最大面积;(2)如图乙,要建的活动场地为等腰梯形ABCD ,求场地的最大面积.17.如图所示,一科学考察船从港口O 出发,沿北偏东α角的射线OZ 方向航行,而在离港口a 13(a 为正常数)海里的北偏东β角的A 处有一个供给科考船物资的小岛,其中31tan =α,132cos =β.现指挥部需要紧急征调沿海岸线港口O 正东m 海里的B 处的补给船,速往小岛A 装运物资供给科考船,该船沿BA 方向全速追赶科考船,并在C 处相遇.经测算当两船运行的航向与海岸线OB 围成的三角形OBC⑴ 求S 关于m 的函数关系式)(m S ; ⑵ 应征调m 为何值处的船只,补给最适宜.(第17题甲) (第17题乙)TQPN MSR甲乙高三限时训练7答案18.【解】(1)如右图,过S 作SH ⊥RT 于H , S △RST =RT SH ⋅21. ……………………2分 由题意,△RST 在月牙形公园里, RT与圆Q只能相切或相离; ……………………4分RT 左边的部分是一个大小不超过半圆的弓形, 则有RT ≤4,SH ≤2,当且仅当RT 切圆Q 于P 时(如下左图),上面两个不等式中等号同时成立.此时,场地面积的最大值为S △RST =1422⨯⨯=4(km 2). (6)分(2)同(1)的分析,要使得场地面积最大,AD 左边的部分是一个大小不超过半圆的弓形,AD 必须切圆Q 于P ,再设∠BP A =θ,则有()11π22sin 222sin(π2)4(sin sin cos )0ABCD S =⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯-=+<<四边形θθθθθθ.……………………8分令θθθcos sin sin +=y ,则)sin (sin cos cos cos θθθθθ-++='y 1cos cos 22-+=θθ. ………………… 11分若0='y ,1πcos 23θθ==,,又()π03θ∈,时,0>'y ,()ππ32θ∈,时,0<'y , …………………14分函数θθθcos sin sin +=y 在π3θ=处取到极大值也是最大值,故π3θ=时,场地面积取得最大值为(km 2). …………………16分17.解 ⑴以O 为原点,OB 所在直线为x 轴,建立平面直角坐标系,则直线OZ 方程为x y 3=. …………………………………………………………………2 设点()00,y x A , 则a a a x 313313sin 130=⋅==β,a a a y 213213cos 130=⋅==β,即()a a A 2,3,又()0,m B ,所以直线AB 的方程为()m x ma ay --=32.上面的方程与x y 3=联立得点)736,732(am ama m am C -- (5))37(733||21)(2a m a m am y OB m S C >-=⋅=∴ (8)⑵328)3149492(314)37(949)37()(222a a a a a a m a a m a m S =+≥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡+-+-=…………………12 当且仅当)37(949372a m a a m -=-时,即a m 314=时取等号, (14)高三限时训练816. 袋中有大小、形状相同的红、黑球各两个,现依次不放回地随机取3次,每次取一个球.(1)试问:一共有多少种不同的结果,请列出所有可能的结果;(2)若摸到红球时得2分,摸到黑球时得1分,求3次摸球所得总分为5的概率.17.如图所示,某市准备在一个湖泊的一侧修建一条直路OC ,另一侧修建一条观光大道,它的前一段OD 是以O 为顶点,x 轴为对称轴,开口向右的抛物线的一部分,后一段DBC 是函数[]8,4),2||,0,0)(sin(∈<>>+=x A x A y πϕωϕω时的图象,图象的最高点为)338,5(B ,DF ⊥OC ,垂足为F. (Ⅰ)求函数)sin(ϕω+=x A y 的解析式;上乐园PMFE ,问点P 落在曲线ODy∠=现用长为l的拦网Aθ围成一养殖场,其中,B MAC NA∈∈.(1)若BC l=, 求养殖场面积最大值;(2)若B、C为定点,BC l<,在折线MBCN内选点D,使BD DC l+=,求四边形养殖场DBAC的最大面积;(3)若(2)中B、C可选择,求四边形养殖场ACDB面积的最大值.18.某商店经销一种奥运会纪念品,每件产品的成本为30元,并且每卖出一件产品需向税务部门上交a元(a为常数,2≤a≤5)的税收.设每件产品的日售价为x元(35≤x≤41),根据市场调查,日销售量与e x(e为自然对数的底数)成反比例.已知当每件产品的日售价为40元时,日销售量为10件.(1)求该商店的日利润L(x)元与每件产品的日售价x的函数关系式;(2)当每件产品的日售价为多少元时,该商店的日利润L(x)最大,并求出L(x)的最大值.高三限时训练8答案16.解:(1)一共有6种不同的结果. 列举如下:(红红黑)(红黑红)(黑红红)(红黑黑)(黑红黑)(黑黑红)…7分 (2)记“3次摸球所得总分为5”为事件A. 事件A 包含的基本事件为:(红红黑)(红黑红)(黑红红) 由(1)可知,基本事件总数为6 ∴事件A 的概率2163)(==A P . …14分 17.解:(Ⅰ)对于函数s in (y A x ωφ=+,由图象知,2234(85)6A T πππω====-……………4分将B 代入到sin()36y x πφ=+中,得52()62k k Z ππφπ+=+∈,又||2πφ<, 所以3πφ=-,故sin()363y x ππ=-………………………………………………………………7分(Ⅱ)在sin()363y x ππ=-中令4x =,得(4,4)A ,得曲线OA 的方程为24(04)y x x =≤≤…9分 设点2(,)(04)4t P t t ≤≤,则矩形P M的面积为2(4)4t S t =-(0x ≤≤……………………11分因为2344t S '=-,由0S '=,得3t =,且当(0,3t ∈时,0S '>,S 递增;当(4)3t ∈时,0S '<,S 递减,所以当3t =时,S 最大,此时点P 的坐标为4(,33……………………14分 17.解:(1)设,,0,0.AB x AC y x y ==>>2222cos222cos2l x y xy xy xy θθ=+-≥-,22222cos 24sin l l xy θθ≤=-,22211cos sin 22sin cos 224sin 4sin l l S xy θθθθθθ=≤⋅⋅=, 所以,△ABC 面积的最大值为2cos 4sin l θθ,当且仅当x y =时取到.(2)设,(AB m AC n m n ==,为定值). 2BC c =(定值) ,由2DB DC l a +==,a =12 l ,知点D 在以B 、C 为焦点的椭圆上,1sin 22ABC S mn θ∆=为定值.只需DBC ∆面积最大,需此时点D 到BC 的距离最大, 即D 必为椭圆短轴顶点.BCD b S ∆=面积的最大值为122c b c ⋅⋅=因此,四边形ACDB面积的最大值为1sin 22m n c θ⋅⋅+(3)先确定点B 、C ,使BC l <. 由(2)知DBC ∆为等腰三角形时,四边形ACDB 面积最大.确定△BCD 的形状,使B 、C 分别在AM 、AN 上滑动,且BC 保持定值, 由(1)知AB=AC 时,四边形ACDB 面积最大.此时,△ACD ≌△ABD ,∠CAD=∠BAD=θ,且CD=BD=2l . S=θsin 2122⋅⋅⋅⋅=∆AD AC S ACD . 由(1)的同样方法知,AD=AC 时,三角形ACD 面积最大,最大值为2tan4221θl l ⋅⋅. 所以,四边形ACDB 面积最大值为2tan82θl .18.解:(1)设日销售量为e x k ,则401e k =0,∴4010e k =. 则日销售量为4010e ex 件.日售价为x 元时,每件利润为(x -30-a )元,则日利润L (x )=(x -30-a )4010e ex=403010e e xx a--⋅.(2)40402e (30)e 31()10e 10e (e )e x x x xx a a x L'x ---+-=⋅=⋅.①当2≤a ≤4时,33≤31+a ≤35,而35≤x ≤41,∴L'(x )≤0,L (x )在[35,41]上是单调递减函数.则当x =35时,L (x )取得最大值为105(5)e a -. ②当4<a ≤5时,35<31+a ≤36, 令L'(x )=0,得x =a +31. x ∈[35,a +31)时,L'(x )>0,L (x )在[35,a +31)上是单调递增函数; x ∈(a +31,41]时,L'(x )<0,L (x )在(a +31,41]上是单调递减函数.L(x)在[35,41]上连续,∴当x=a+31时,L(x)取得最大值为109e a-.总之,5max910(5)e,(24), ()10e,(45).aa aL xa-⎧-⎪=⎨<⎪⎩≤≤≤。