5商业银行答案
商业银行试题及答案
商业银行试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 商业银行的主要业务不包括以下哪一项？A. 存款业务B. 贷款业务C. 投资业务D. 制造业务2. 以下哪个不是商业银行的负债？A. 客户存款B. 同业存款C. 银行债券D. 银行股票3. 商业银行的资产业务中，风险最高的是：A. 现金及银行存款B. 贷款C. 证券投资D. 固定资产4. 以下哪项不是商业银行的中间业务？A. 信用卡服务B. 保险代理C. 外汇交易D. 存贷款业务5. 商业银行的信用风险主要来源于：A. 存款B. 贷款C. 投资D. 同业拆借6. 以下哪项不是商业银行的资本充足率的计算指标？A. 核心一级资本B. 一级资本C. 二级资本D. 负债总额7. 商业银行的流动性风险主要是指：A. 资产负债不匹配B. 贷款违约C. 投资失败D. 存款流失8. 以下哪项不是商业银行的监管指标？A. 资本充足率B. 资产质量C. 管理费用D. 盈利能力9. 商业银行的表外业务不包括：A. 信用证B. 贷款承诺C. 银行承兑汇票D. 定期存款10. 商业银行的内部控制不包括：A. 风险控制B. 合规性检查C. 员工培训D. 客户关系管理答案：1. D2. D3. B4. D5. B6. D7. A8. C9. D10. D二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 商业银行的信贷管理包括以下哪些方面？A. 信贷政策制定B. 信贷风险评估C. 信贷产品开发D. 信贷资金分配2. 商业银行的资产负债管理需要关注哪些因素？A. 资产配置B. 负债结构C. 利率变动D. 市场流动性3. 商业银行的内部控制体系应包括哪些要素？A. 风险识别B. 风险评估C. 风险控制D. 风险监测4. 商业银行的合规性检查包括哪些内容？A. 法律法规遵守B. 内部政策执行C. 业务操作规范D. 客户信息保护5. 商业银行的财务报表主要包括哪些？A. 资产负债表B. 利润表C. 现金流量表D. 股东权益变动表答案：1. ABCD2. ABCD3. ABCD4. ABCD5. ABCD三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）1. 简述商业银行的存款保险制度的作用和重要性。
商业银行题目及答案2010
1-3、银行的组织形式有哪些？近年来，银行控股公司为什么发展迅速？P18答：银行的组织形式主要有三种：1、单一银行制；2、分行制；3、银行控股公司制。
因为银行控股公司可以使银行更便利地从资本市场筹集资金，并通过关联交易获得税收上的好处，还可以通过系统内部的操作调节资本杠杆，相对其他的公司，可以投资风险更大的项目，因此银行控股公司发展会比较迅速。
1-5、政府对银行业的监管理由是什么？未来的发展趋势如何？P18答：首先，为了保护储蓄者的利益，因为商业银行的特殊性，储户和商业英航之间存在严重的信息不对称。
如果银行发生倒闭而使储户资金受到损失，其社会和经济后果都是非常严重的。
因此政府必须承担保护储户利益的责任。
其次，政府对银行业实施监管的原因还在于银行是信用货币的创造者。
在信用经济条件下，货币数量的多少与经济发展密切相关，一国经济增长率、失业率和通货膨胀率都受到信用规模的影响。
虽然中央银行可以通过调节基础货币来控制货币供应量，但商业银行作为中央银行货币政策传导的中枢，对中央银行的货币政策作何反应仍是中央银行关注的事情。
最后，当今世界各国的银行业正向综合化方向发展，银行业、证券业和保险业综合经营导致商业银行的概念在延伸，同时，世界经济一体化又使得银行国际化进程在加快。
这使得政府实施银行的监管提出了新的课题，近年来频发的全球性金融危机也恰恰证明了加强政府对银行的监管仍然有着重要意义。
当今世界各国的银行业正向综合化方向发展，银行业、证券业和保险业综合经营导致商业银行的概念在延伸，同时，世界经济一体化又使得银行国际化进程在加快。
，因此各国政府应该也更加强调国际间银行业监管的合作，因此随着经济的发展，如果监控综合性银行，跨国性银行是各国政府应该考虑的问题。
2-3、怎样理解资本充足？资本充足是否意味着银行在稳健经营？p60答：首先应该明确的是，所谓资本充足只是相对于银行的资产负债的状况而言，资本充足并不意味这银行没有倒闭的风险。
商业银行管理学课后题答案
第一章商业银行：商业银行是以追求利润最大化为目标，以多种金融欠债筹集资本，以多种金融财富为其经营对象，能利用欠债进行信用创建，并向客户供应多功能、综合性服务的金融公司。
信用中介：是指商业银行经过欠债业务，把社会上各样闲散钱币资本集中到银行，经过财富业务，把它投向需要资本的各部门，充任有闲置资本者和资本欠缺者之间的中介人，实现资本的融通。
作用：使闲散的钱币转变为资本、使闲置资本获取充分利用、续短为长，知足这会对长久资本的需要。
支付中介：是指商业银行利用活期存款账户，为客户办理各样钱币结算、钱币收付、钱币兑换和转移存款等业务活动。
CAMELS：美国联邦贮备委员会对商业银行看管的分类检查制度，这种分类检查制度的主要内容是把商业银行接受检查的范围分为六大类：资本（ capital）、财富（ asset ）、管理（ management）、利润（ earning ）、流动性（ liquidity）和对市场风险的敏感性（ sensitivity）。
分行制：分行制银行是指那些在总行之下，可在当地或外处设有若干分支机构，并能够从事银行业务的商业银行。
这种商业银行的总部一般都设在多半市，部下所有分支行须由总行领导指挥。
长处：第一，有益于银行汲取存款，有益于银行扩大资本总数和经营规模，能获得规模经济效益。
第二，便于银履行用现代化管理手段和设施，提升服务质量，加快资本周转速度。
第三有益于银行调理资本、转移信用、分别和减少多种风险。
第四，总专家数少，有益于国家控制和管理，其业务经营受地方政府干涉小。
第五，因为资本根源宽泛，有益于提升银行的竞争实力。
弊端：简单加快垄断的形成；并且因为其规模大，内部层次许多，使银行管理的难度增添等。
流动性：指财富变现的能力，商业银行保持随时能以适合的价钱去的可用资本的能力，以便随时对付客户提存以及银行其余支付的需要。
其权衡指标有两个：一是财富变现的成本，二是财富变现的速度。
4.成立商业银行制度的基根源则有哪些？为何要确定这些原则？答：（一）有益于银行业竞争。
商业银行（习题及答案）
商业银⾏（习题及答案）第⼀章商业银⾏导论⼀、单项选择题（每个题⽬只有⼀个正确答案，请选择正确答案）1.银⾏业产⽣于（C）。
A．英国B．美国C．意⼤利D．德国2.最早设⽴股份制银⾏的国家（A）。
A．英国B．美国C．意⼤利D．德国3.1694年英国政府为了同⾼利贷做⽃争，以满⾜新⽣的资产阶级发展⼯业和商业的需要，决定成⽴⼀家股份制银⾏是（A）。
A．英格兰银⾏B．曼彻斯特银⾏C．汇丰银⾏D．利物浦银⾏4.北宋真宗时，由四川富商发⾏的（A），成为我国早期的纸币。
A．交⼦B．汇票C．飞钱D．当票5.1897年在上海成⽴的（C），标志着中国现代银⾏的产⽣。
A．交通银⾏B．浙江兴业银⾏C．中国通商银⾏D．北洋银⾏6.最早到中国来的外国银⾏是（A）。
A．英商东⽅银⾏B．伦敦银⾏C．汇丰银⾏D．英格兰银⾏7.英国式的商业银⾏提供资⾦融通的传统⽅式主要有（A）。
A．短期为主B．长期为主C．债券D．股票8.现代商业银⾏的发展⽅向是（A）。
A．⾦融百货公司B．贷款为主C．吸收存款为主D．表外业务为主9.商业银⾏是以（B）为经营对象的信⽤中介机构。
A．实物商品B．货币C．股票D．利率10.商业银⾏的（D）被称为第⼀级准备。
A．贷款资产B．证券资产C．股票资产D．现⾦资产11.商业银⾏的性质主要归纳为以追求（B）为⽬标。
A．追求最⼤贷款额B．追求最⼤利润C．追求最⼤资产D．追求最⼤存款12.（C）是国家的⾦融管理当局和⾦融体系的核⼼，具有较⾼的独⽴性，它不对客户办理具体的信贷业务，不以营利为⽬的。
A．⼯商银⾏B．股份制银⾏C．中央银⾏D．专业银⾏13.（A）是商业银⾏最基本也最能反映其经营活动特征的的职能。
A．信⽤中介B．⽀付中介C．清算中介D．调节经济的职能14.⾦融市场上利率的变动使经济体在筹集或运⽤资⾦时可能遭受到的损失是指（A）。
A．国家风险B．利率风险C．信⽤风险D．流动性风险15.借贷双⽅产⽣借贷⾏为后，借款⽅不能按时归还贷款⽅的本息⽽使贷款⽅遭受损失的可能性是指（C）。
商业银行管理学课后习题答案
商业银⾏管理学课后习题答案《商业银⾏管理学》课后习题及题解第⼀章商业银⾏管理学导论习题⼀、判断题1. 《⾦融服务现代化法案》的核⼼内容之⼀就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。
2. 政府放松⾦融管制与加强⾦融监管是相互⽭盾的。
3. 商业银⾏管理的最终⽬标是追求利润最⼤化。
4. 在⾦融市场上，商业银⾏等⾦融中介起着类似于中介经纪⼈的⾓⾊。
5. 商业银⾏具有明显的企业性质，所以常⽤于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投⼊要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适⽤于商业银⾏。
6. ⾦融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银⾏在⾦融市场中的主体地位。
7. 企业价值最⼤化是商业银⾏管理的基本⽬标。
8. 商业银⾏管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信⽤资⾦的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。
9. 商业银⾏资⾦的安全性指的是银⾏投⼊的信⽤资⾦在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。
⼆、简答题1. 试述商业银⾏的性质与功能。
2. 如何理解商业银⾏管理的⽬标？3. 现代商业银⾏经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银⾏管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银⾏的三性⽬标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。
2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银⾏在⾦融体系中的作⽤。
第⼀章习题参考答案⼀、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√⼆、略；三、略。
第⼆章商业银⾏资本⾦管理习题⼀、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银⾏的核⼼资本充⾜率仍为4％。
2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银⾏附属资本的合计⾦额不得超过其核⼼资本的50%。
3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银⾏信⽤风险提供了两种⽅法：标准法和内部模型法。
4. 资本充⾜率反映了商业银⾏抵御风险的能⼒。
5. 我国国有商业银⾏⽬前只能通过财政增资的⽅式增加资本⾦。
6. 商业银⾏计算信⽤风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。
商业银行试题及答案
商业银行试题及答案一、单选题1. 商业银行的主要业务不包括以下哪项？A. 存款业务B. 贷款业务C. 投资业务D. 军事服务答案：D2. 下列哪项不是商业银行的三大风险？A. 信用风险B. 市场风险C. 操作风险D. 道德风险答案：D3. 商业银行的存款准备金率是指：A. 商业银行必须存放在中央银行的最低准备金与存款总额的比率B. 商业银行的贷款总额与存款总额的比率C. 商业银行的存款总额与贷款总额的比率D. 商业银行的净利润与总资产的比率答案：A4. 商业银行的资本充足率是指：A. 银行的资本与风险加权资产的比率B. 银行的总资产与总负债的比率C. 银行的存款总额与贷款总额的比率D. 银行的净利润与总资产的比率答案：A5. 商业银行的不良贷款率是指：A. 不良贷款与贷款总额的比率B. 不良贷款与总资产的比率C. 不良贷款与资本的比率D. 贷款总额与不良贷款的比率答案：A二、多选题6. 商业银行的中间业务包括哪些？A. 支付结算业务B. 信用卡业务C. 资产管理业务D. 存贷款业务答案：A, B, C7. 商业银行的风险管理措施包括：A. 风险分散B. 风险转移C. 风险对冲D. 风险规避答案：A, B, C, D8. 下列哪些属于商业银行的表外业务？A. 信用证B. 贷款承诺C. 存款证明D. 外汇交易答案：A, B, C9. 商业银行的资产负债管理包括哪些方面？A. 资产配置B. 负债结构C. 资本充足率D. 风险控制答案：A, B, D10. 商业银行的贷款五级分类包括：A. 正常B. 关注C. 次级D. 可疑E. 损失答案：A, B, C, D, E三、判断题11. 商业银行的表外业务不会产生风险。
（对/错）答案：错12. 商业银行的流动性风险是指银行无法满足客户提款需求的风险。
（对/错）答案：对13. 商业银行的信用风险是指借款人无法按时偿还贷款的风险。
（对/错）答案：对14. 商业银行的利率风险主要来源于市场利率的变动。
商业银行考试题库(500道) 及答案
1.票据贴现的期限最长不得超过（）。
A.3个月B.6个月C.12个月D.24个月【答案】B2.某银行最近推出一种新的贷款品种，该品种的利率每年根据通货膨胀利率调整一次，则该贷款品种属于（）。
A.固定利率B.行业公定利率C.市场利率D.浮动利率【答案】D3.公司信贷是以（）为接受主体的资金借贷或信用支持活动。
A.自然人B.公司C.企业D.非自然人【答案】D4.在减免交易保证金业务中，从风险的角度看，（）承担了交易中的（）风险。
A.银行，价格 B.银行，信用 C.客户，信用 D.客户，价格【答案】B5.我国中央银行公布的贷款基准利率是（）。
A.浮动利率B.法定利率C.行业公定利率D.市场利率【答案】B6.认为银行稳定的贷款应建立在现实的归还期限与贷款的证券担保（合格票据）基础上，从而导致银行长期设备贷款、住房贷款、消费贷款迅速发展的信贷理论是（）。
A.资产转换理论B.超货币供给理论C.真实票据理论D.预期收入理论【答案】D7.以下说法中，错误的是（）。
A.狭义公司信贷专指银行的信用活动，包括银行与客户往来发生的存款业务和贷款业务B.广义的银行信贷指银行筹集债务资金、借出资金或提供信用支持的经济活动C.公司信贷是指以非自然人法人、其他经济组织委接受主体的资金信贷或信用支持活动D.信用证是银行开立的一种无条件的承诺付款的书面文件【答案】D【解析】银行开立信用证后，只有持证方在提交了信用证上规定的单据、满足规定的条件后，银行才予以付款。
所以，信用证付款是有条件的。
8.从贷款提取完毕（或最后一次提款）之日开始，到第一个还本付息之日间的时间为（）。
A.贷款期B.提款期C.宽限期D.还款期【答案】C9.自营贷款的期限一般最长不得超过（）年。
A.5B.6C.10D.15【答案】C10.短期贷款的展期期限累计不得超过（），长期贷款的展期期限累计不得超过（）。
A.原贷款期限的一半；原贷款期限一半B.原贷款期限；3年C.原贷款期限；原贷款期限一半D.原贷款期限一半；3年【答案】B11.目前我国商业银行资金的主要来源为（），利润的主要来源为（）。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap5
CHAPTER 5MEASURING AND EVALUATING BANK PERFORMANCEGoal of This Chapter: To help the reader learn how to analyze and evaluate a bank's performance, especially its rate of return, efficiency, and risk exposure, from the data provided in bank financial statements.Key Terms Presented in This ChapterBank Profitability Equity MultiplierROA Credit RiskROE Liquidity RiskEfficiency Market RiskNet Interest Margin Interest-Rate RiskNoninterest Margin Earnings RiskNet Profit Margin Solvency RiskAsset Utilization UBPRChapter OutlineI. Introduction: Performance Pressures Faced by Banks TodayII. Evaluating a Bank's PerformanceA. Determining the Bank's Long-Range ObjectivesB. Maximizing The Value of the Firm: A Key Objective for Any BankC. Profitability Ratios: A Surrogate for Stock Values1. Key Profitability Ratios in Banking2. Interpreting Profitability Ratios3. Useful Profitability Formulas4. Breaking Down Equity Returns for Closer Analysis5. Break-Down Analysis of a Bank's Return on Assets6. What a Breakdown of Bank Profitability Measures Can Tell UsD. Measuring Risk in Banking1. Credit Risk2. Liquidity Risk3. Market Risk4. Interest-Rate Risk5. Earnings Risk6. Solvency (or Default) Risk7. Other Forms of Risk in Banking (Inflation Risk, Currency orExchange-Rate Risk, Political Risk, and Crime Risk)E. Other Goals in BankingIII. The Impact of Bank Size on PerformanceIV. Watching out for Size, Location and Regulatory Bias in Analyzing Bank Performance V. Using Financial Ratios and Other Analytical Tools to Track Bank Performance--The UBPR.VI. Summary of the ChapterAppendix to the Chapter - Improving Bank Performance Through Knowledge: Sources of Information for Bankers, Their Customers, and Bank RegulatorsConcept Checks5-1. Why should banks be concerned about their level of profitability and exposure to risk? Banks in the U.S. and most other countries are private businesses that must attract capital from the public to fund their operations. If profits are inadequate or if risk is excessive, they will have greater difficulty in obtaining capital and their funding costs will grow, eroding profitability. Bank stockholders, depositors, and bank examiners representing the regulatory community are all interested in the quality of bank performance. The stockholders are primarily concerned with profitability as a key factor in determining their total return from holding bank stock, while depositors (especially large corporate depositors) and examiners typically focus on bank risk exposure.5-2. What individuals or groups are likely to be interested in these aspects or dimensions of bank performance?The individuals or groups likely to be interested in bank profitability and risk include other banks lending to a particular bank, borrowers, large depositors, holders of long-term debt capital issued by banks, bank stockholders, and the regulatory community.5-3. What factors influence a bank's stock price?A bank's stock price is affected by all those factors affecting its profitability and risk exposure, particularly its rate of return on equity capital and risk to shareholder earnings. A bank can raise its stock price by creating an expectation in the minds of investors of greater earnings in the future, by lowering the bank's perceived risk exposure, or by a combination of increases in expected earnings and reduced risk.5-4. Suppose that a bank is expected to pay an annual dividend of $4 per share on its stock in the current period and dividends are expected to grow 5 percent a year every year, and the minimum required return to equity capital based on the bank's perceived level of risk is 10 percent. Can you estimate the current value of the bank's stock?In this constant dividend growth rate problem the current value of the bank's stock would be: P o = D1 / (k – g) = $4 / (0.10 – 0.05) = $80.5-5. What is return on equity capital and what aspect of bank performance is it supposed to measure?Return on equity capital is the ratio of Net Income After Taxes/Total Equity Capital. It represents the rate of return earned on the funds invested in the bank by its stockholders.5-6. Suppose a bank reports that its net after-tax income for the current year is $51 million, its assets total $1,444 million, and its liabilities amount to 926 million. What is its return on equity capital?The bank's return on equity capital should be:ROE = Net After Tax Income = $51 million = .098 or 9.8 percentEquity Capital $1,444 mill.-$926 mill.5-7. What is return on assets and why is it important in banking?Return on assets is the ratio of Net Income After Taxes/Total Assets. The rate of return secured on a bank's total assets indicates the efficiency of its management in generating net income from all of the resources (assets) committed to the institution.5-8. A bank estimates that its total revenues from all sources will amount to $155 million and its total expenses (including taxes) will equal $107 million this year. Its liabilities total $4,960 million while its equity capital amounts to $52 million. What is the bank's return on assets? Is this ROA high or low? How could you find out?The bank's return on assets would be:ROA = Net After Tax Income = $155 mill. - $107 mill. = 0.0096 or 0.96 percent Total Assets $4,960 mill. + $52 mill.The size of this bank's ROA should be compared with the ROA's of other banks similar in size and location to determine if this bank's ROA is high or low relative to the average forcomparable banks.5-9. Why do bankers pay close attention today to the net interest margin and noninterest margin? To the earnings base and spread?The net interest margin (NIM) indicates how successful the bank has been in borrowing funds from the cheapest sources and in maintaining an adequate spread between its returns on loans and security investments and the cost of its borrowed funds. If the NIM rises, loan and security income must be rising or the average cost of funds must be falling or both. A declining NIM is undesirable because the bank's interest spread is being squeezed, usually because of rising interest costs on deposits and other borrowings.In contrast, the noninterest margin reflects the bank's spread between its noninterest income (such as service fees on deposits) and its noninterest expenses (especially salaries and wages and overhead expenses). For most banks the noninterest margin is negative. Management will usually attempt to expand fee income, while controlling closely the growth of noninterest expenses in order to make a negative noninterest margin as least negative as possible.The earnings base indicates the proportion of the bank's earning assets (loans, leases, and investments) relative to its total assets. As competition increases, greater pressure is placed on the bank's management to maintain the quality and quantity of these earning assets. Additionally, the bank's managers typically will shift some of their emphasis to increasing noninterest income generated by fees.The earnings spread measures the effectiveness of the bank's intermediation function of borrowing and lending money, which, of course, is the bank's primary way of generating earnings. As competition increases, the spread between the average yields on assets and the average cost of liabilities will be squeezed, forcing the bank's management to search for alternative sources of income, such as fees from various services the bank offers.5-10. Suppose a banker tells you that his bank in the year just completed had total interest expenses on all borrowings of $12 million and noninterest expense of $5 million, while interest income from earning assets totaled $16 million and noninterest revenues added to a total of $2 million. Suppose further that assets amounted to $480 million of which earning assets represented 65 percent of total assets, while total interest-bearing liabilities amounted to 55 percent of the bank's total assets. See if you can determine this bank's net interest and noninterest margins and its earnings base and earnings spread for the most recent year.The bank's net interest and noninterest margins must be:Net Interest = $16 mill. - $12 mill. Noninterest = $2 mill. - $5 mill.Margin $480 mill. Margin $480 mill.=.00833 = -.00625 The bank's earnings spread and earnings base are:Earnings = $16 mill. - $12 mill.Spread $480 mill * 0.85 $480 mill. * 0.75= .0392 -.0333Earnings Base = $480 mill. - $480 mill. * 0.15 = 0.85 or 85 percent$480 mill.5-11. What are the principal components of ROE and what do each of these components measure?The principal components of ROE are:a. The net profit margin or net after-tax income to operating revenues which reflects theeffectiveness of a bank's expense control program;b. The degree of asset utilization or ratio of operating revenues to total assets which measures the effectiveness of managing the bank's assets, especially the loan portfolio; and,c. The equity multiplier or ratio of total assets to total equity capital which measures a bank's use of leverage in funding its operations.5-12. If a bank has an ROA of 0.80 percent and an equity multiplier of 12x what is its ROE? Suppose this bank's ROA falls to 0.60 percent. What size equity multiplier must it have to hold its ROE unchanged?The bank's ROE is:ROE = 0.80 percent *12 = 9.60 percent.If ROA falls to 0.60 percent, the bank's ROE and equity multiplier can be determined from:ROE = 9.60% = 0.60 percent * Equity MultiplierEquity Multiplier = 9.60 percent = 16x.0.60 percent5-13. Suppose a bank reports net income after taxes of $12, before-tax net income of $15,operating revenues of $100, assets of $600, and $50 in equity capital. What is the bank's ROE? Tax-management efficiency indicator? Expense control efficiency indicator? Asset management efficiency indicator? Funds management efficiency indicator?The bank's ROE must be:ROE = 50$12$ = 0.24 or 24 percentIts tax-management, expense control, asset management, and funds management efficiencyindicators are:Tax Management = $12 Expense Control = $15Efficiency indicator $15 Efficiency Indicator $100= .8 or 80 percent =.15 or 15 percentAsset Management = $100 Funds Management = $600Efficiency Indicator $600 Efficiency Indicator $50= 0.1666 or 16.67 percent = 12 x5-14. What are the most important components of ROA and what aspects of bank performance do they reflect?The principal components of ROA are:a. Total Interest Income Less Total Interest Expense divided by Total Assets, measuring a bank's success at intermediating funds between borrowers and lenders;b. Provision for Loan Losses divided by Total Assets which measures management's ability to control loan losses and manage a bank's tax exposure;c. Noninterest Income less Noninterest Expenses divided by Total Assets, which indicates the ability of management to control salaries and wages and other noninterest costs and generate tee income;d. Net Income Before Taxes divided by Total Assets, which measures operating efficiency and expense control; ande. Applicable Taxes divided by Total Assets, which is an index of tax management effectiveness.5-15. If a bank has a net interest margin of 2.50%, a noninterest margin of -1.85%, and a ratio of provision for loan losses, taxes, security gains, and extraordinary items of -0.47%, what is its ROA?The bank's ROA must be:ROA = 2.50 percent - 1.85 percent - 0.47 percent = 0.18 percent5-16. To what different kinds of risk are banks subjected today?a. Earnings Risk -- the probability that a bank's earnings (net income) will fall, subjecting its stockholders to actual losses or to lower rates of return.b. Credit Risk -- the probability that loans and securities the bank holds will not pay out as promised.c. Solvency Risk -- the possibility or probability the bank will fail.d. Liquidity Risk -- the probability the bank will not have sufficient cash on hand in the volume needed precisely when cash demands arise.e. Market Risk -- the probability that the value of assets held by the bank will decline due to falling market prices.f. Interest-Rate Risk - the possibility or probability interest rates will change, subjecting the bankto losses.5-17. What items on a bank's balance sheet and income statement can be used to measure it's risk exposure?There are several alternative measures of risk in banking. Solvency risk is often measured by bank capital ratios, such as the ratio of total capital to total assets or total capital to risk assets. Creditrisk can be tracked by such ratios as net loan losses to total loans or relative to total capital. Liquidity risk can be followed by using such ratios as cash assets to total assets or by total loans to total assets. Interest-rate risk may be indicated by such ratios as interest-sensitive liabilities to interest-sensitive assets or the ratio of money-market borrowings to money-market assets.5-18. A bank reports that the total amount of its net loans and leases outstanding is $936 million,its assets total $1,342 million, its equity capital amounts to $110 million, and it holds $1,150 million in deposits, all expressed in book value. The estimated market values of the bank's total assets and equity capital are $1,443 million and $130 million, respectively. The bank's stock is currently valued at $60 per share with annual per-share earnings of $2.50. Uninsured deposits amount to $243 million and money market borrowings total $ 1 32 million, while nonperforming loans currently amount to $43 million, and the bank just charged off $21 million in loans. Calculate as many of the bank's risk measures as you can from the foregoing data.Net Loans and Leases = $936 mill. Uninsured Deposits $243 mill.mill.0.7069 or 70.69 percent 0.2113 or 21.13 percentEquity Capital = $130 mill. Stock Price $60Total Assets $1,443 mill. Earnings Per Share $2.50 = 0.0901 or 9.01 percent = 24 XNonperforming Assets = $43 mill. =0.0459 or 4.59 percentNet Loans and Leases $1,443 mill.Charge-offs of loans = $21 Purchased Funds = $243 mill. + $132 mill. Total Loans and Leases $936 Total Liabilities $1,324 mill. - $110 mill.=.0224 or 2.24 percent .3089 or 30.89 percentBook Value of Assets = $1324 =0.9175 or 91.75 percentMarket Value of Assets $1443Problems5-1. First National Bank of Inesco is expected to pay a dividend of $12 per share at the end of the year and its stock dividends are expected to grow 8 percent a year indefinitely into the future. If the appropriate discount rate applied to the bank's expected dividend stream is 15 percent,Inesco's current stock price should be:P o = D (k g)1- = $12(.15.08)- = $171.43 per share.5-2.Price State Bank's expected stream of dividends over the next three years is as follows: Expected Dividends Per SharePeriod 1 $3.00Period 2 $4.50Period 3 $6.00Applying a discount rate of 12 percent to this dividend stream yields an estimated stockprice ofP o = $3(1.12)+ + $4.50(1.12)2+ + $6(1.12)3+ + $60(1.12)3+P 0 = $53.24 per share.5.3 Depositors and Merchants Bank has an equity-to-asset ratio of 7.5 percent which means its equity multiplier must be:1/(Equity Capital / Assets) = Assets EquityCapital = 1 / 0.075 = 13.33xIn contrast, Newton National Bank has an equity multiplier of:1/(Equity Capital / Assets) = 10.06= 16.67xWith an ROA of 0.85 percent Newton National would have an ROE of:ROE = 0.85 x 16.67x = 14.17 percent.In this case Newton National Bank is making greater use of financial leverage and is generating a higher return on equity capital.Depositors and Merchants has an ROE of:ROE = 0.85 x 13.33 x = 11.33 percent.5-4. The income and expense statement for Gilcrest Merchants National Bank, when arranged in proper order, would appear as follows:Gilcrest Merchants National Bank Income and Expense StatementInterest Fees on Loans $61Interest Dividends on Securities 12Total Interest Income 73Interest Paid on Deposits 49Interest on Nondeposit Borrowings 6Total Interest Expense 55Net Interest Income 18Provision for Loan Losses 2Noninterest Income and Fees 7Noninterest Expenses:Salaries and Employee Benefits 10Overhead Expenses 5Other Noninterest Expenses3Total Noninterest Expenses 18Net Income Before Taxes and SecurityGains or Losses 5Taxes 1Securities Gains (or Losses), Net ofTaxes1Net Income After Taxes $5Among the key ratios that can be calculated are the following:ROE = Net Income After Taxes = $5 =0.0180 or 1.80 percentEquity Capital $80ROA = Net Income After Taxes = $5 =0.005 or .5 percentTotal Assets $1000Net Interest Margin = Total Interest Income–Total Interest Expenses[($61 + $12) –($49 + $6)]=0.0180 or 1.8percent Total Assets $1000Net Noninterest = $7 - $18 =-0.011 or –1.1 percentMargin $1000Net operating margin = [Total Operating Revenues – Total Operating Expenses] /Total Assets = 1000$73$80$ = 0.0070 or 0.70 percent.Earnings = Total Interest Income - Total Interest Expenses = $61 + $12 - $49 + $6 Spread Total Earning Assets Total Interest Bearing $830 $710 Liabilities0.0880 – 0.0775 or 8.8 percent – 7.75 percent or 1.05 percentEarnings base = Total Assets – Nonearning Assets = $830 =0.83 or 83 percent in assets Total Assets $1000Profit Margin =Net income after taxes Total operating revenue = $5$80 = 0.0625 or 6.25 percent. Asset Utilization =Total operating revenue Total Assets = $80$1000 = $80$1000 = 0.08 or 8.0 percent Equity Multiplier =Total Assets Total Equity Capital = 12.5x Net Loans / Total Assets = 1000$670$ = 0.67 or 67 percentCash and Due from Bank = $120 = 0.12 or 12 percent Total Assets $1000Operating Efficiency Ratio = Total Operating Expenes Total Operating Revenues = $73$80 = 0.9125 or 91.25 percentEmployee Productivity = Net Operating Income = $80 - $73 = $175,000Ratio # of Full Time Employees $40 per employee5-5. The rates of return requested for Shadowwood National Bank are as follows:ROE = $105 ROA = $105$15,765 - $15,440 $15,7650.3231 or 32.31 percent 0.0067 or .67 percentNet Interest = $1875 - $1210 = $665 = 0.0527 or 5.27 percentMargin $12,612 $12,612(If total assets are used as the denominator, NIM = 4.22%.)Net Noninterest Margin =$501$685$12,612= 0.0146 or –1.46 percent.(If total assets are used as the denominator, the noninterest margin is –1.17%).Net Operating = ($1,875+- $501) – ($1,210 + $685 + $381) = $100 =0.0063 or.63 percent Margin $15,765 $15,765Net Return Before = ($1,875 + $501) – ($1,210 + $685 + $381 + $16) = $84 = 0.0053 or .53 Special Transaction Costs $15,765 $15,765 .percentEarnings per Share = 000,145000,000,105$ = $724.14 per share.Alternative Scenario 1:Suppose interest income, interest expenses, noninterest income, and noninterest expenses each increase by 5 percent, with all other items remaining unchanged.If we assume that the 5% increase flows through to net income, resulting in a 5% increase in net income, then the ROE, ROA, and EPS will increase by (at least) 5% also. Actually, the scenario which does not have provision for loan losses, securities gains, and taxes increasing would result in a greater than 5% increase in net income. This would, of course, result in the ROE, ROA, and EPS increases being greater than 5%.Alternative Scenario 2:Suppose Shadowood's interest income, interest expenses, noninterest income, and noninterest expenses decline by 5 percent, all other factors held equal. As with scenario 1, if we assume the decrease flows through to net income, then net income will decrease by 5%. This decrease will result in ROE, ROA, and EPS actually being greater than 5% as a result of the other items, such as provision for loan losses, taxes, and securities gains, not changing. Base Problem Alternative Scenario 1 AlternativeScenario 2Interest Income $1875 $1968.75 $1781.25 Interest Expense 1210 1270.50 1149.50 Net Interest Income $ 665 $ 698.25 $ 631.75Provision for Loan Losses $ 381 $ 381 $ 381Noninterest Income $ 501 $ 526.05 $ 475.95 Noninterest Expense 685 719.25 650.75 Net Noninterest Income ($184) ($193.20) ($174.8)Net Income Before Taxes $ 100 $ 124.05 $ 75.95 Income Taxes $ 16 $ 16 $ 16 Securities Gaines (orLosses)21 21 21 Net Income After Taxes $ 105 $ 129.05 $ 80.95Common SharesOutstanding145,000 145,000 145,000Base Problem AlternativeScenario 1AlternativeScenario 2a. ROE 32.31% 39.71% 24.91%b. ROA 0.67 0.82% 0.51%c. NIM (1) 5.27% 5.54% 5.01%NIM (2) 4.22% 4.43% 4.01%d. EPS $724.14 $890.00 $558.28e. NNIM (1) -1.46% -1.53% -1.39%NNIM (2) -1.17% -1.23% -1.11%f. NOM 0.63% 0.79% 0.48%g. Net Returns BeforeSpecial Transactions0.53% 0.69% 0.38%Notes: All figures except Common Shares in millions.Equity Capital = Total Assets - Total Liabilities = $ 15,765 - $15,440= $ 325 (millions) Total Assets =$15,765 millionsEarning Assets = $12,612 millionsNIM(1) uses Earning Assets in the denominator; NIM(2) uses Total AssetsNNIM(1) uses Earning Assets in the denominator; NNIM(2) uses Total Assets5-6. Selected balance sheet and income statement data for Farmers and Merchants National Bank are given as follows:Given: ROA = 0.0076 (i.e., 0.76%)Total Assets = $1.69 billion ($1,690 million)Equity Capital = $139 millionSolution:ROE = ROA * Total AssetsEquity Capital = 0.0076 * $1,690$139= 0.0924 or 9.24%Alternative Scenario 1:R0A increases by 50%, with no change in assets or equity capital.Therefore, the new ROA = 0.0076 * 1.5 = 0.0114 or 1.14%.New ROE = 1.14% * 12.16 = 13.86%This represents a 50% increase in ROE. With no changes in assets or equity, the investors' funds are more effectively utilized, generating additional income and making the bank more profitable. Alternative Scenario 2:ROA decreases by 50%, with no change in equity or assets.Therefore, the new ROA = 0.0076 * 0.5 = 0.0038 or 0.38%.New ROE = 0.38% * 12.16 = 4.62%This represents a 50% decrease in ROE. The bank's management has been less efficient, in this case, in managing their lending and/or investing functions or their operating costs.Alternative Scenario 3:ROA = 0.0076 or 0.76% (as in the original problem)Total assets double in size to $3.38 billion and equity capital doubles in size to $278 million. Therefore, the equity multiplier (i.e. total assets/equity capital) remains the same (E.M. =$3,380/$278 = 12.16). As a result, there is no change in ROE from the original situation (i.e., 0.76% * 12.16 = 9.24%).Alternative Scenario 4:This, of course, is just the reverse of scenario 3. Since the changes in both assets and equity capital are the same, the ratio of the two (i.e., the equity multiplier) remains constant. As a result, there is again no change in ROE.E.M. = Total Assets/Equity Capital = $845/$69.5 = 12.16.Therefore, ROE = 0.76% * 12.16 = 9.24%.5-7. Granite Dells State Bank reports the following information:Given:Total Operating Revenues = $135 millionTotal Operating Expenses = $121 millionTax Liability = $2 millionTotal Assets = $1.17 billionTotal Liabilities = $989 millionSolution:Net Income after Taxes = $135 million -$121 million -$2 million = $12 millionEquity Capital = $1.17 billion - $989 million = $181 million= $12 million / $181 million = 0.0663 or 6.63%.ROE = Net Income after TaxesEquity CapitalAlternative Scenario 1:Given: Total operating revenues, total operating expenses, and taxes each grow by 10%, but assets and liabilities remain fixed.Solution:Total revenues = $135 million * 1.10 = $148.5 millionTotal expenses = $121 million * 1.10 = $133.1 millionTax liability = $2 million * 1.10 = $2.2 millionNet Income after Taxes = $148.5 - $133.1 - $2.2 = $13.2 millionROE = $13.2 million/$181 million = 0.0729 or 7.29%= 10% (ROE increases by 10%)Change in ROE = 7.29% 6.63%6.63%Alternative Scenario 2:Given: Total assets increase by 10% (Total assets = $ 1.17 * 1.10 = $1.287 billion)Total liabilities increase by 10% (Total liabilities = $989 million * 1.10 =1.0879Revenues and expenses (including taxes) remain unchanged.Solution: Equity Capital = $1.287 billion - $1.0879 billion = $199.1 million= 0.063 or 6.03%ROE = $12 million$199.1 millionTherefore change in ROE = 6.03% - 6.63% = -0.6% = -9%6.63% 6.63% (ROE decreases by 9%)Alternative Scenario 3:Given: Total revenues decline by 10% (Total revenues = $135 million * 0.90 = $121.5 million) Total expenses decline by 10% (Total expenses = $121 million * 0.9 = $108.9 million)Tax liability declines by 10% (Tax liability = $2 * 0.9 = $1.8 million)Assets and liabilities remain unchanged (Therefore, equity remains unchanged)Solution: Net Income after Tax = $121.5 million - 108.9 million - $1.8 million = $10.8 ROE = $10.8 million = 0.0597 = 5.97%$181 millionTherefore, change in ROE = 5.97% - 6.63% = -0.66% = -10% (ROE decreases by 10%)6.63% 6.63%Alternative Scenario 4:Given: Assets and liabilities decrease by 10%; therefore,Equity capital decreases by 10%,Operating revenues, operating expenses, and taxes remain unchanged.Solution: Total assets = $1.17 billion * 0.9 = $1.053 billionTotal liabilities = $989 million * 0.9 =$890.1 millionEquity capital = $1.053 billion - $890.1 million = $162.9 million= 0.0737 or 7.37%ROE = $12 million$162.9 million5-8. Suppose a bank is projected to achieve a 1.25 percent ROA during the coming year. What must its ratio of total assets to total equity capital be if it is to achieve a 12-percent ROE goal? Given: ROA = 1.25% and target ROE = 12%Solution: ROE = ROA * (Total Assets/Equity Capital)Total Assets = ROE = 12% = 9.6 xEquity Capital ROA 1.25%If ROA unexpectedly falls to 0.75% and target ROE remains 12%:Solution:12% = .75% * Total AssetsEquity CapitalTotal Assets = 12% =16 xEquity Capital .75%Alternative Scenario 1:Given: ROA = 1.5% and target ROE = 12%Solution: Total Assets = 12% = 8xEquity Capital 1.5%Alternative Scenario 2:Given: Bank's ROA unexpectedly declines to 0.75%Solution: Total Assets = 12% = 16 x (The same as part 2 of original problem) Total Equity .75%5-9. The following information is given for Blythe County National Bank:Net Income after Taxes = $16 millionTotal Operating Revenues = $215 millionTotal Assets = $1,250 millionTotal Equity Capital Accounts = $111 millionSolve for the bank's net profit margin, asset utilization ration, equity multiplier, and ROE. Solutions:a. Net Profit Margin = Income After Taxes = $16 mill. = 0.0744 or 7.44%Total Operating Revenue $215 mill.b. Asset Utilization = Total Operating Revenues = $215 mill. = 0.172 or 17.2%Total Assets $1250 mill.c. Equity Multiplier = Total Assets = $1250 mill. = 11.26 timesTotal Equity Capital $111 mill.d. ROE = Net Income After Taxes = $16 mill. = 0.1441 or 14.41%Total Equity Capital $111 mill.Alternative Scenario:Given: Total Liabilities = $1,475 million。
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一、名词解释
1.单一银行制(c) a.商业银行可以经营一切银行业务，包括各种期限的存贷款业务，
还能经营证券业务、保险业务、信托业务等
2.商业银行(e) b.由某一个人或某一个集团购买若干家独立银行的多数股票，从而
控制这些银行的组织形式。
3.表外业务(g) c.业务只由一个独立的银行机构经营而不设任何分支机构的银行
组织制度
4.银行负债业务(f) d.银行运用自己通过负债业务所聚集的货币资金的业务，是银行创
造利润的重要渠道。
5.连锁银行制(b) e.从事各种存款、放款和汇兑结算等业务的银行，可开支票的活期
存款在所吸收的各种存款中占相当高的比重。
6.分业经营(j) f.银行吸收资金形成银行资金来源的业务。
7.中间业务(i) g.商业银行从事的不列入资产负债表内但能影响银行当期损益的
经营活动。
7.银行资产业务(d) h.银行在对借款客户信用状况的评价基础上与客户达成的一种具
有法律约束力的契约，约定按照双方商定的金额、利率，银行将
在承诺期内随时准备应客户需要提供信贷便利。
9.控股公司制(k) i.银行并不需要运用自己的资金而代理客户承办支付和其他委托
事项，并据以收取手续费的业务。
10.混业经营（a） j.在金融机构体系中，各个金融机构从事的业务具有明确的分工，
各自经营专门的金融业务。
11.分支银行制(l) k.是指由一家控股公司持有一家或多家银行的股份，或者是控股公
司下设多个子公司的组织形式。
12.信贷承诺(h) l.是银行在大城市设立总行，在本市及国内外各地普遍设立分支行
并形成庞大银行网络的制度。
二、填空
1. 银行类金融机构是指以_存款______为主要负债、以___贷款_____为主要资产、以______结算__为主要中间业务的金融机构。
2.目前，各国商业银行的经营体制主要有___职能分工型__ __和___全能型___两种模式，也称为分业经营和混业经营。
我国目前采用的是__职能分工型__模式。
3.商业银行的经营原则是“安全、盈利、流动性。
”
4、信用中介是商业银行最基本也是最能反映其经营活动特征的职能。
5、商业银行的信用创造职能是建立在信用中介职能和支付中介职能的基础之上的。
6、商业银行的业务大体可分为三类：资产、负债、中间和表外
7、库存现金和存放中央银行的款项共同组成商业银行的准备金。
库存现金是商业银行用于应付日常提存的现金资产。
8.商业银行的外部组织形式因各国政治经济制度不同而有所不同，目前主要有__单一银行制_、__分支银行制__、__控股公司制___、___连锁银行制______等。
三、选择
1. 1694年，英国商人们建立（a ），标志着现代银行业的兴起和高利贷的垄断地位被打破。
A.英格兰银行
B.丽如银行
C.汇丰银行
D.渣打银行
2. 在职能分工型的经营模式下，与其它金融机构相比，只有（b ）能够吸收使用支票的活期存款。
A.储蓄银行
B.商人银行
C.商业银行
D.信用合作社
3. 根据我国《商业银行法》规定，在改革开放后逐步建立起来的我国现行的商业银行体系，目前采用的是（d ）模式。
A.全能型
B.混业经营
C.单元型
D.职能分工
4. 商业银行从事的不列入资产负债表内但能影响银行当期损益的经营活动，是商业银行的（c），且其可以有狭义和广义之分。
A.资产业务
B.负债业务
C.表外业务
D.中间业务
5. 银行在对借款客户信用状况的评价基础上与客户达成的一种具有法律约束力的契约，约定按照双方商定的金额、利率，银行将在承诺期内随时准备应客户需要提供信贷便利的业务被称做（b）。
A.回购协议
B.信贷承诺
C.票据发行便利
D.单一银行贷款
6、下列 b 不属于商业银行的交易存款。
A、支票存款
B、储蓄存款
C、NOW
D、MMDA
7、下列 d 不属于商业银行的现金资产。
A、库存现金
B、准备金
C、存放同业款项
D、应付款项
8、下列 d 属于商业银行狭义的表外业务。
A、信托业务
B、融资租赁业务
C、信用卡业务
D、承诺业务
9、信托与租赁属于商业银行的 C 。
A．资产业务 B．负债业务
C．中间业务 D．表外业务
10、商业银行资产业务的主要内容有 ABCE。
A、现金资产
B、贷款
C、贴现业务
D、股票投资
E、证券投资
四、判断
1.银行作为经营货币信用的企业，它与客户之间是一种以借贷为核心的信用关系，这种关系在经营活动中表现为等价交换。
F
2.专业银行是指专门从事指定范围内的金融业务、提供专门金融服务的银行。
同政策性银行相同，一般有其特定的客户群和业务范围。
因此，专业银行应归属于政策性银行。
F
3.连锁银行制是为了弥补单一银行制的缺点而发展起来的。
那些被控制的银行在法律上是独立的，但实际上其所有权却控制在某一个人或某一个集团手中，其业务和经营管理由这个人或这个集团决策控制。
T
4.在分业经营的金融机构体系中，投资银行、储蓄银行和商业银行等银行性金融机构都能吸收使用支票的活期存款。
F
5.狭义的表外业务是那些虽未列入资产负债表，但同表内的资产业务或负债业务关系密切的业务。
银行在经办这类业务时，不垫付任何资金，但将来可能因具备了契约中的某个条款而转变为表内的资产或负债，因此又可称为或有资产业务、或有负债业务。
T
6.票据承销是指银行同意票据发行人在一定期限内发行某种票据，并承担包销义务，在这种方式下，借款人以发行票据方式筹措资金，而无须直接向银行借款。
F
7.商业银行的经营原则，即“三性”原则，是具有完全内在统一性的整体。
F
8、商业银行与其他金融机构的基本区别在于商业银行是唯一吸收活期存款、开设支票存款帐户的金融中介机构。
（T ）
9、商业银行的现金资产时一种无利资产或微利资产，银行现金资产过多，不利于银行盈利水平的提高（ T ）
10、商业银行的信用中介职能并不改变货币资金的所有权，而只是把货币资金的使用权在资金盈余单位和资金短缺单位之间融通。
（T ）
11、票据贴现是商业银行的负债业务。
（ F ）
12、非交易存款不能签发支票,因而不能直接充当交易媒介。
（ T ）
13、我国现阶段允许商业银行购买企业的股票。
（ F ）
五、简答
1.商业银行有哪些负债业务？
2.商业银行在经营过程中为什么要遵循三个基本原则？
3.试述商业银行的职能与作用？为什么商业银行成为各国金融当局监管的核心？
4.试述商业银行资产负债管理理论的发展脉络。