2019托福写作备考策略之独立话题.doc
2019托福写作备考策略之独立话题
2019托福写作备考策略之独立话题【托福】选择2016年9月独立机经部分题目1.Somestudents prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others prefer to have their grades determined by only afew large ones. Which do you prefer and why?2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listed in the following do you prefer?Build a public garden to provide quiet environment to benefit allBuild a sports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.ernmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they are today.6.In the past,young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to make decisions on their own.7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.8.We should state our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important thanexcellent knowledge.10.People spend too much time communication throughsocial media and text messages.11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.12.Technology designed to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to moviesand programs made in other countries.14.It is as important for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achieve success.16.It is important to know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal life.实用方法介绍丨1.常用论点/理由针对独立写作的常见话题，大致可归成三类：个人类（关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择）；古今类（题目中有明显的now… past … 让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较）；决策类（题目中通常有government这个词出现，讨论政府的投资或者政策，有些题目虽然没有government这个词出现，但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题，也能够划为政府类，比如 A/D Professional athletes such as the football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries that they are paid.）1）个人类常用理由学知识、练技能、拓展视野……..工作机会、赚钱…….交朋友、陪伴家人……. (合作、沟通) …….品质（自信，独立，坚持，乐观 ) / 兴趣爱好身体健康、放松心情…….省时间、省钱、省精力………..2）古今类常用理由现代社会的优点：教育：先进全面鼓励个性工作：种类丰富机会多医疗：治愈缓解更多疾病技术：网络电子产品汽车公共设施：便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮法律制度：保障个人权利媒体：揭露真相传播信息人与人：互动频繁、方便经济进步：更充裕的钱和无助。
2019年托福独立写作备考模拟试题及答案(6)
2019年托福独立写作备考模拟试题及答案(6)【观点类】Some people believe that video games could inspire young students’ interest and make their study more efficient rather than distracting them and a waste of time, so young students should be allowed to play video games. Do you agree or disagree? 有人认为游戏能够激发学生的学习兴趣，提升他们学习效率，而不是分散他们的精力和浪费他们的时间，是否认同? (2016年1月23日)【头脑风暴】我们已从互联网时代进入到无线互联网时代。
手机游戏成为年轻人放松娱乐的重要方式之一。
游戏是一把双刃刀，对于玩家来说，在放松消遣的同时，也耽误了宝贵的时间，影响了学习和工作。
但是，我们不能因噎废食。
【作家立场】即使游戏可能给学生们带来一些弊端，但是，只要能够合理安排和控制学生们的游戏时间，阻止他们玩游戏也是没有必要的。
【思路拓展】1 鼓励孩子们玩游戏的利好① 丰富多彩的游戏节目成为很多学生缓解压力，释放情绪的一种有效方式。
设想，孩子们在校努力学习，课后读补习班，作业繁重，鲜有大量的时间休闲娱乐，玩游戏可令学生们暂时忘记现实生活中的烦恼和压力。
② 一些竞技类的游戏其实是锻炼玩家的反应水平和布局水平的，所以，学生玩家也会培养多方面水平，例如手眼并用，危机处理，团队协作等。
③ 有些游戏的设计，以学习为导向，寓教于乐，让玩家在娱乐中学习知识，这也能够提升他们的学习效率，激发他们的学习热情。
2 鼓励孩子们玩游戏的弊端① 学生们的主要任务是学习知识，考虑到孩子们的自律性较差，允许孩子们玩优秀容易使他们分散精力，耽误学习。
② 过度沉迷游戏有害健康，具体来说，玩家会视力下降，养成懒惰和久坐的生活习惯，不愿从事户外运动，因而导致肥胖。
如何复习托福写作之独立写作~
上次跟大家谈到了综合写作的复习，今天来说说独立部分。
说到独立写作，就不得提到众所周知的“机经”。
所谓“机经”，是指考过托福的同学通过回忆还原出来的托福考试原题，通常听说读写四部分都有，但是最有价值的，当然是口语和写作这两个主观题的独立部分。
尤其是提前知道作文题目，确实是件振奋人心的事。
“机经预测”源自于2007年，一部分细心的老师发现大陆的托福考题经常重复北美考过的老题，而且这种重复呈现出一定的规律性，于是，中国大陆的托福考试界拉开了“机经预测”的大幕，并涌现出众多风云人物，在这里不一一列举。
07年至11年，多少学生因为机经而改变命运，我自己的学生里就有很多例子，甚至也出现过三个月之内从19分到71分的奇迹。
然而，2011年9月，ETS忍无可忍，开始改变出题的逻辑，使得机经预测连续“扑空”，直到几个月后，“机经预测”才慢慢再次步入正轨，只是范围比以前要更大，一个月一般有20-30套，命中的概率也不如以前。
那么，现在准备考托福的同学到底该怎么使用机经呢？首先，大家应该忘掉机经本身，专注于我们最终的目的——托福写作。
这正像学习听力的同学应该专注于托福听力本身，而不是漫无目的地疯狂听写一样。
托福独立写作底考什么，满分文章到底需要什么，才是我们应该首先搞清楚的问题。
下面我们来说说托福考试独立写作的出题模式。
总的来说，有两种主要出题形式：1、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? XXX2、Some people prefer to XXX, while others like to XXX. Which do you prefer?其中，第一种最常见，大约占80-90%，这种题目要么agree，要么disagree，没有中间状态，但是需要注意的是，不管是“完全不同意”还是“不完全同意”都是不同意。
比如，问题说：Do you agree or disagree? If parents want their children to do well at school, they should limit the time that their children spend on watching TV. 写的时候就可以完全不同意，因为Limiting children will only create problems instead of inviting better performances. 而如果问题是：Do you agree or disagree? Advice from our grandparents is no longer useful, for the world has changed so much over the past 50 years. 写的时候就可以说some of their advice may be no longer useful due to the rapid social or technological changes, but they can still provide valuable suggestions in many ways since they have experienced many things that we are experiencing today. 这就叫不完全同意，也属于disagree的范畴。
托福toefl独立作文写作方法和模板整理.doc
托福toefl独立作文写作方法和模板整理toefl独立写作模板整理-个人整理1. toefl独立写作的基本要求是什么？独立写作在toefl中，位于最后一项考试内容，在综合写作之后。
要求考生在30分钟内就某一问题或者观点给出自己的想法和选择等，最少不少于300words（但是写到400字左右才有把握取得较好的分数）。
2. 独立写作框架是什么？从目前的整理的内容和在网上看到的内容来看，框架基本可以分为总-分-总的格式，基本分为5大段。
第一段：开头第二段：支持段落1第三段：支持段落2，如果还有其他观点，可以继续另起段落，写支持段落3第四段：让步段落+重申自己坚持的观点第五段：结尾、结论3. 独立写作的题型有哪些？从写作的基本内容来看，独立写作的题型基本可以归纳为两种。
一种是观点选择类，一种是比较对比类。
这两者可以转换。
观点选择类。
属于非强制比较的题型，即题目中并不要求考生对题目中的观点进行比较，但是也不禁止。
观点选择类的题型基本是给出两个对立的观点（如：你是否认为受过教育的人比没有受过教育的人更有可能成功？），或者一个观点的两个方面，要求你支持其中的一个观点或者方面。
比较对比类。
属于强制比较的题型。
即题目中明确要求进行观点比较。
比较对比类题型基本是给出两个观点或者一个观点的两个方面，然后要求考生就这两个观点或者一个观点的两个方面进行比较，并且要给出自己的观点和偏好。
二者的转化。
两种题型可以互相转化，但是为了更多的写字、凑字数，一般将“比较对比类”题型作为主要的题型，“观点选择类”题型转化为“比较对比类”来写。
即：若题目要求考生选择a观点或者b观点的时候，我们就可以说选择a，然后写a的两个优点，然后说b的一个优点，然后说a比b更好。
为什么说“比较对比类”更容易凑字数呢？很好理解，比较对比类的题型，我们不得不对两个观点都进行论述，理论上讲字数要多一些的，而“观点选择类”很容易就其中一个观点来写，假如一不小心考生没有那么多的想法，就很难凑够字数了。
2019年8月3日托福独立写作范文
2019年8月3日托福独立写作范文「From：勤劳的魔君」点击周徐敏托福写作关注就是对魔君最大滴支持啦托福改革后第一场的托福独立写作题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement : in modern days, parents can learn more from their children than children can learn from their parents.分析题干:通过分析，很明显可以看出来考察的范围属于教育类别话题。
考察对象围绕的是家长和孩子。
这道题目的破题角度对于大部分同学们来说还是存在不小的难度，此处魔君建议采用拆分方法去展开。
按照课上经常和学生讲解的方法，从不同的人生阶段进行拆分。
本文魔君选择孩子从父母那学到的更多，因此文章的观点选择不同意；文章的主题段设置为：首先，孩子们在学生阶段，需要从父母那学习到很多；其次，当他们步入社会以后，依然需要从父母那学习到很多；下面来看下魔君是如何展开的吧：The relationship between parents and children has become closer than ever before because of the overall improvement of educational level. In this case, there appears to a controversy whether parents learn more from their children than their children learn more from them. From my perspective, though some people may point out that today’s children are exposed to more knowledge, I still believe there are a lot more they need to learn from their parents for the following reasons and examples.Firstly, during children’s academic career, they need to learn a lot from their parents. To be specific, there are a wide range of challenges, except for those academic obstacles, that children have to confront. Parents would be whom they depend on to seek solutions. For instance, feeling unconfident and even intimidated to interact with teachers, while difficulties, such as failing to understand to how use the axiom and theory to work on some Mathematics problems, happen to children, is not a rare thing. In order to achieve academic performance, eliminating the emotion of communication fright is required and parents could teach children how to interact with their teachers in an effective way, such as exhibiting the honesty and humbleness to their teacher. Also, the experience of what parents had undergone as students can be shared with children to prevent them from making some mistakes, like the ignorance of practicing oral English, which would ultimately contribute to their inability of talking with foreigners fluently. Therefore, children, during their school time, need to learn a lot from their parents.Secondly, after graduation from the university, children will still count on their parents in many aspects. How to adapt to the changing environment in the society filled with intense competition, because of the converted role of being students to employees, would be the first lesson they needto learn from parents. For instance, children whose major is Finance will be required to introduce some financial products to their clients and analyze how many profits they will gain in the next year during their daily work, which differs a lot from what they did at school. How to communicate with clients, though they might be arrogant, self-centered and suspicious, in a patient and polite way is what children can learn from their parents. Besides, the enormous professional pressure would drive those rookies to be crazy and how to maintain positive mentality is another lesson from parents who would advise them to spend their leisure time engaging in more social activities to widen their friends circles and participating in more physical exercises to maintain physical health. Only with high-quality physical and mental conditions can they ensure higher working efficiency. All in all, no matter how old children are, they would still need to learn a lot from their parents whose precious life experience is far more abundant than theirs. (476字Written by 魔君)。
托福独立写作备考攻略
托福独立写作攻略托福考试独立写作攻略！为了方便考生在考后对于托福写作有一个清楚的了解，时代焦点名师为考生整理出了托福独立写作的要点，考生可以参考。
A. 审题审题是托福独立写作的第一步也是最为关键的一步。
审题核心是在理解题意的基础上抓住题目中的三个关键点：绝对词、比较词和限定词。
1. 绝对词绝对词顾名思义是表达绝对概念的词，常见的有：only, always, any, anything, best等。
绝对的概念是非常难以证明的，因为需要证明绝对范围内的每一种情况都适用。
同时也是最容易反驳的，因为只需要找到一个突破口就可以推翻。
所以在审题过程中找到绝对词可以为我们提供一个基本的同意或者不同意的思路，以及论证的突破口。
例：Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.这个句子中包含Always, most important和Any三个绝对词。
通过这三个我们很容易找到反驳的论点：1.某些情况下我们不应该说真话2.说真话不是最重要的3.在一些特定的关系中我们不应该说真话这仅仅是通过绝对词找到的反驳点，针对题目的反驳还要结合整个句子的意思。
2. 比较词比较级属于比较词的范围。
比较词为我们圈定了论点的选择方向。
比如A比B好，那么论点选取就一定是A较于B优势的地方，突出比这个字。
例：In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different from others.3. 限定词限定词是题目中对讨论的范围进行限定的部分。
由于句子中可能会出现较多的限定内容，导致同学们在审题过程中漏掉一些不明显的限定词，尤其是目的类限定词。
例：It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents' jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents' jobs.这个题目中的定语从句吸引了找限定词的目光，导致其中一个最关键的限制词常常被忽略：for children. 目的类限定词，讨论的目的是对孩子好，许多同学会写对家庭或者社会的好处，都属于离题的论点。
2019年11月5日托福独立写作预测及思路解析
2019 年11 月 5 日托福独立写作预测及思路解析1. In order to help high school students learn the sense of responsibility, it is necessary for them to do household work after school.波波点睛：题目大意：为了协助中学生获得责任感，有必要要求他们在放学后做家务。
此题内部暗含因果关系，考生千万不要忽略此逻辑关系，否则会出现偏题。
波波思路如下：选择同意：即认为做家务能够培养责任感（对自己负责、对家庭负责）1）做家务--> 会学会生活技能d能够独立生活，照顾好自己--> 对自己负责2）做家务--> 分担家庭负担--> 体会到父母的辛苦--> 学会关心家人--> 增强家庭的归属感d对家庭负责选择不同意：即认为做家务不能够培养责任感做家务会占用孩子宝贵的学习时间d孩子不能即时完成作业d养成一种对自己不负责任的习惯Firstly, requiring high school students to do house chores can squeeze their time spent on studying. As we know, the main duty and obligation for high schoolers is to have a good command of knowledge imparted by teachers. In order to successfully fulfill the obligation, students have to devote large amounts of time and energy to their study. In other words, it is an irresponsible behavior that students fail to finish assignments and tasks in the process of learning whatever excuse they have. However, the fact is that thetrivial housework such as sweeping the floors and doing laundry will occupy a large proportion of time on the part of students, thus further tightening their already busy schedule. In this case, those students doing house chores are unlikely to assume the responsibility of finishing their schoolwork in time due to the limited time left.2. 中学生年纪尚小会把家务看作负担而不是责任，所以强求孩子做家务会引起孩子的反感甚至反抗Besides, high schoolers are too young to understand the good intention of requiring them to do housework. As we all know, given the immature psychology and limited life experience on the part of people in their puberty, the concept of responsibility is far beyond their ability of understanding. Meanwhile, the defining character of those young people is the degree to which they are have an inclination to say “no” t o any instruction which they areforced to follow. In this case, the request of making household chores mandatory for high school students may make them go against their parents. As a result, students will not gain a sense of obligation from the above request but have a terrible bond with their family members. What's worse, some rebellious high schoolers may even harbor hatred towards their family.2. Governments have done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.波波点睛：此题目含义为“政府是否在向人们倡导健康生活方式和均衡饮食方面做得充足好了”。
2019年托福9个独立写作高分技巧
2019年托福9个独立写作高分技巧01分配时间30分钟，转瞬即逝，在托福独立写作上必须要分秒必争，对每一个环节要了然于胸。
动笔前3-5分钟先构思，心里要布置一个框架，写完后需要3-5分钟检查。
所以实际的写作时间只有差不多20分钟。
02 切题仔细阅读问题或者论点，写得再好，如果离题了一切都是扯淡。
03 头脑风暴在下笔之前要实行一两个头脑风暴，想一个切入点去写04 列提纲构思你的文章，列提纲的时候不需要面面俱到，有时甚至连阿拉伯数字也不需要写，就一行几个关键字，写文章的时候看着这些关键字去展开。
05 逻辑性整篇文章必须是有逻辑性的，一般托福独立写作文章分为3个部分，第一部分：引入话题，通常就一个段落，或者几句话。
第二部分：文章主体，通常由2-3个段落组成。
第三部分：总结，通常也是一个段落或者几句话。
06 有理有据托福写作切忌只有理论，一定要有理有据才能够打动人。
所以每次给出一个论点的时候，一定记得要给出一个相对应的实例。
07 信号词无论你想表达的是并列的思想，还是转折的事情，亦或是其他，有一个信号词。
比如讲到递进关系的时候，能够用furthermore，what’s more, moreover等。
表示转折关系的能够用However，but，nevertheless等。
08 句式句式变化要丰富，长短句结合，简单句和复杂句结合。
这样能够使得整篇文章看起来错落有致，妙趣横生。
09 检查文章最后关头别去想是不是要增加新的论点了。
检查一下有没有出现低级错误，比如首字母是否大写，拼写错误，语法错误，或者标点错误。
一、对于topic sentence1. TPO 第一篇topic sentence：The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work.(缩短的周工作日能够提升公司的利润，因为员工能够感觉到更多的休整并且机警了，结果就是他们工作上犯错率减少了。
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2019 托福写作备考策略之独立话题【托福】
选择2016 年9 月独立机经部分题目
1.Somestudents prefer to have their final grades
determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others
prefer to have their grades determined by only afew large
ones. Which do you prefer and why?
2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they are
parts of a decision.
3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listed
in the following do you prefer?
Build a public garden to provide quiet environment to
benefit all
Build a sports field for students in high school which
doesn’t have its own.
ernmenthas done enough to educate people the
importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.
5.In the past,people were more interested in improving
their neighborhoods than they are today.
6.In the past,young people depended on their parents for
making decisions. Today young people are better able to make
decisions on their own.
7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a book
than by doing physical exercises.
8.We should state our honest opinions even though people
may disagree with us.
9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adapt
oneself to the new environment ismore important than
excellent knowledge.
10.People spend too much time communication through
social media and text messages.
11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.
12.Technology designed to make people ’s life simpler in
fact make peoples life morecomplicated.
13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are
more interesting compared to moviesand programs made in other countries.
14.It is as important for older people to study and lean
new things as it is for youngpeople.
15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail is
more important than to achieve success.
16.It is important to know what is happening around the
world, even if it does not affect your personal life.
实用方法介绍
丨1. 常用论点/ 理由
针对独立写作的常见话题，大致可归成三类：个人类（关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择）；古今类（题目中有明显的now⋯past ⋯让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较）；决策类（题目中通常有government这个词出现，讨论政府的投资或者政策，有些题目虽然没
有government这个词出现，但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题，也能够划为政府类，比如A/D Professional athletes such as the
football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries
that they are paid. ）
1）个人类常用理由
学知识、练技能、拓展视野⋯⋯..
工作机会、赚钱⋯⋯.
交朋友、陪伴家人⋯⋯. ( 合作、沟通) ⋯⋯.
品质（自信，独立，坚持，乐观) /兴趣爱好
身体健康、放松心情⋯⋯.
省时间、省钱、省精力⋯⋯⋯..
2）古今类常用理由
现代社会的优点：
教育：先进全面鼓励个性
工作：种类丰富机会多
医疗：治愈缓解更多疾病
技术：网络电子产品汽车
公共设施：便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮
法律制度：保障个人权利
媒体：揭露真相传播信息
人与人：互动频繁、方便
经济进步：更充裕的钱和无助
世界和平：更少的战争伤亡
现代社会的缺点：
环境问题（污染，能源消耗）
生活压力（学习，工作）
欺骗敲诈
3）决策类常用思路
注：除了使用个人类常用理由，针对决策类这种和政府相关有社
会影响力的题目，建议多角度讨论，一下是常见的讨论角度：
1. 大众individuals
对我们有什么用？（放松健康省钱知识关系等等）
是不是我们每个人都需要的？（绝大部分/ 小众）
2. 相关群体relativegroups
题目中谈论到的比如artists,scientists, athletes 等等
3. 企业c ompanies
企业有钱，能够代替政府去投资有利可图的领域
4. 社会Society
Economy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement ⋯
丨2.对比段
通常来说，托福独立写作的论证写 3 段，上文介绍了最基本的常用理由，但有时候，因为各种原因只想出 2 个理由的时候，能够写一段对比段，即把对比论证写一段。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨3. 让步段
除了对比段之外，让步段也能够解决只有 2 个理由缺少第三个段落的问题。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨4. 拆分法/ 分情况讨论
针对一些比较抽象的独立写作话题，我们能够分情况讨论，或者对于关键词实行定义和拆分，在更加具体的情况下方便论证。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨5. 检验论点
没有标准答案，这是独立解题最自由的地方。
但这并不意味着什么样的理由都能够作为论点并且展开段落的。
课堂上，一些学生能够
马上相处三个理由，但仔细探究，可能只有一个理由是能够作为论点的。
这里说一下三个检验标准： 1. 支持观点 2. 论点相互不重叠 3. 易于展开
丨6. 灵活调整
根据ETS的出题，我们知道，题目是千变万化的，为了协助学生
更好的应对，老师们会总结出一些实用方法，对学生来说，比死记硬别、生搬硬套更重要的是，在题目的练习中，去使用这些方法，并且
灵活的调整。
如果觉得一些常用理由不适合支持某一道题，那么就放弃这个理由；
如果只想出两个理由，那么能够加一个让步段或者对比段；
如果一道题直接用常用理由去支持很难，能够试着拆分法；
如果完全同意/ 不同意很难，能够试着两边倒；
如果题目中有绝对词，能够部分同意/ 不同意。
... ...
实用方法在题目中的具体使用
使用第一部分的9 月机经部分题目
1.Some students prefer to havetheir final grades
determined by numerous small assignments, whereas
othersprefer to have their grades determined by only a few
large ones. Which do youprefer and why?
观点：small assignments
论点1：轻松
论点2：知识（学生复习；老师备课）
论点3：对比段/ 让步段
2.An effectiveleader tries to make others feel they are
parts of a decision.
观点：agree
论点1：来自领导的尊重要员工更快乐积极
论点2：员工的参与促动想法的完善
论点3：对比段
3.If a city has an amount ofmoney, which option listed
in the following do you prefer?
1）Build a publicgarden to provide quiet environment to
benefit all。