2006级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷A参考答案
(完整word版)06年专四真题及答案,推荐文档
PARTⅠDICTION [15 MIN]Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A CONVERSATIONSQuestions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1.How did Mark get there?A.By train and by car.B.By plane and by coach.C.By train and by bus.D.By bus and by plane.2.Mark used to wear all the following EXCEPTA.short hair.B.glasses.C.moustache.D.beard.3.Where is the meeting for new students to be held?A.In the third room on the right.B.In the Common Room.C.In a room at the other end.D.In Room 501. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4.What did Steve originally plan to do?A.To go to a park near the beach.B.To stay at home.C.To see a new film.D.To do some study.5.Maggie finally decided to go to see a film becauseA.there was no park nearby.B.the weather wasn’t ideal for a walk.C.it would be easier to go to a cinema.D.Steve hadn’t seen the film yet.6.Where did they plan to meet?A.Outside the Town Hall.B.Near the bank.C.In Steven’s place.D.At the cinema.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.7.The following details are true about the new device EXCEPTA.it has colour.B.it has a moving image.C.it costs less money.D.it is not on the market.8.Why didn’t Bill want one of them?A.He wanted to buy one from Japan.B.He wasn’t sure about its quality.C.He thought it was for business use.D.He thought it was expensive.9.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the woman?A.She had never read the magazine herself.B.She knew who usually read the magazine.C.She was quite interested in the new device.D.She agreed with Bill at the end of the conversation.10.The conversation is mainly aboutA.a new type of telephone.B.the cost of telephone.C.some features of the magazine.D.the readership of the magazine.SECTION B PASSAGESQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11.In the old days dogs were used for the following EXCEPTA.hunting other animals.B.driving sheep.C.guarding chickens.D.keeping thieves away.12.Which of the following is CORRECT?A.Dogs are now treated as part of a family.B.Dogs still performed all the duties they used to do.C.People now keep dogs for the same reasons as before.D.Only old people are seen walking their dogs.13.The passage is mainly aboutA.what dogs can do.B.how to keep dogs.C.dogs and their masters.D.reasons for keeping dogs. Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14.According to the passage, the working conditions in the new placeA.are the same as the speaker is used to.B.are expected to be rather poor.C.are just as adequate.D.are not yet clear.15.What is the speaker going to do in the new place?A.Travelling.B.Studying.C.Settling down.D.Teaching.16.The speaker expectsA.fewer choices of food.B.many ways to do washing.C.modern lighting facilities.D.new types of drinking water.17.From the passage we learn that the speakerA.is unprepared for the new post.B.is unclear about the conditions there.C.is ready for all the difficulties there.D.is eager to know more about the post.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18.According to the passage, when are children first expected to study hard?A.Before 6 years of age.B.Between 6 and 10.C.After 10 years of age.D.After 12 years of age.19. Parents who abuse their children tend to have the following problems EXCEPTA.religious problems.B.emotional problems.C.financial problems.D.marriage problems.20.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Boys and girls are equally energetic.B.Parents have higher expectations for boys.C.Some parents lack skills to deal with their kids.D.Some parents are ill-educated and ill-tempered. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.21.What has happened to the Cubans?A.They set foot in Floria.B.They were drowned.C.They were flown to the U.S.D.They were sent back to Cuba.22.How did the Cubans try to enter the U.S.?A.In a small boat.B.In an old truck.C.By swimming.D.By driving.Questions 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23.How many cities will have air quality monitoring systems installed by the end of this year?A.42 cities.B.220 cities.C. 150 cities.D. 262 cities.Questions 24 and25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.24. Altogether how many people were reported missing?A. 68.B.90.C. 150.D. 40.25.Which of the following details is INCORRECT?A.The two ferries sank on different days.B.The accidents were caused by storms.C.The two ferries sank on the same river.D.More people were rescued from the first ferry.Questions 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.26.What is the news item mainly about?A.Indonesian government policies.B.Australia’s support to the UN assistance mission.C.Opening of an Australian consulate in East Timor.D.Talks between Australia and Indonesia.Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.27. The news item is mainly about a joint venture betweenA.a US company and a UK company.B.a Swiss company and a UK company.C.two Taiwanese companies.D.a mainland company and a US company.28.Who will provide the distribution networks in the joint venture?A.Unilever.B.Nestle.C.PepsiCo.D.Coca Cola.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.29.Who staged the protect on Saturday?A.The soldiers.B.The peace camp.C.The militants.D. The hardliners.30. Which of the following details about the news is INCOPPECT?A.13 soilders were killed last week.B.100,000 people participated in the protest.C. The protesters demanded a pullout from Gaza.D.The Prime Minister rejected the pullout plan.PART ⅢCLOZE [15 MIN]There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most ( 31 )＿held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder--- even if it means (32)＿the pavement into a busy street! (33)＿you must pass under a ladder you can (34)＿bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35)＿them crossed until you have seen a dog. (36)＿, you may lick your finger and (37)＿a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38)＿has dried.Another common (39)＿is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house---it will either bring (40)＿to the person who opened it or to the whole (41)＿. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42)＿, as it inevitably brings rain! The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43)＿on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44)＿.The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45)＿it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (46)＿in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47)＿witchcraft. It is (48)＿lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails. Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49)＿luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never (50)＿, touch wood?”31. A broadly B widely C quickly D speedily32. A running from B jumping off C stepping off D keeping from33. A If B As C Though D Unless34. A erase B remove C avoid D ease35. A keep B keeping C kept D to keep36. A Consequently B However C Comparatively D Alternatively37. A make B print C perform D produce38. A label B symbol C mark D cut39. A argument B superstition C opinion D idea40. A loss B difficulty C tragedy D misfortune41. A house B household C home D circle42. A unwise B unintelligent C unpopular D unfortunate43. A falls B arrives C drops D happens44. A away B outdoors C indoors D far45. A when B as C if D though46. A have originated B be originating C be originated D originate47. A concerned about B related with C associated with D connected in48. A especially B specially C frequently D rarely49. A as B for C in D of50. A broken up B broken off C broken away D broken downPART IV GRAMMAR＆VOCABULARY [15MIN]51. __ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However52. If only I __ play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might53. The party, __ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which54. It’s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find56. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone __ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have57. I am surprised __ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not __ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough59. It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A attractsB shall attractC attractD has to attract60. Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk __ far.A /B suchC thatD as62. The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove63. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.A not countingB not to countC don’t countD having not counted64. It was __ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?A didn’t itB doesn’t thereC usedn’t it?D didn’t there66. It is an offence to show __ against people of different races.A distinctionB differenceC separationD discrimination67. A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing68. The thieves fled with the local police close on their __.A backsB necksC toesD heels69. The economic recession has meant that job __ is a rare thing.A securityB safetyC protectionD secureness70. Many people nowadays save money to __ for their old age.A caterB supplyC provideD equip71. The tone of the article __ the writer’s mood at the time.A reproducedB reflectedC imaginedD imitated72. This is not the right __ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen!A momentB situationC opportunityD circumstance73. The job of a student accommodation officer __ a great many visits to landladies.A concernsB offersC asksD involves74. Our family doctor’s clinic __ at the junction of two busy roads.A restsB standsC staysD seats75. She was so fat that she could only just __ through the door.A assembleB appearC squeezeD gather76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __.A leakingB tricklingC drippingD floating77. The reception was attended by __ members of the local community.A excellentB conspicuousC prominentD noticeable78. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __ slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB recoveredC restoredD revived79. His __ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A richB quickC productiveD fertile80. The couple has donated a not __ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderableB inconsiderateC inaccurateD incomparablePART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSION [25MIN]TEXT AIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First, let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me aroun d 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”,two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out ot her people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.81 when people plan to meet nowadays, theyA arrange the meeting place beforehandB postpone fixing the place till last minuteC seldom care about when and where to meetD still love to work out detailed meeting plans.82 According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen onA TALKERSB the "speakeasy"C the “spacemaker”D texters83 We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters areA quite revealingB well writtenC unacceptable by othersD shocking to others84 according to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?A TalkersB T he “speakeasy”C T he “spacemaker”D Texters85 an appropriate title for the passage might beA The SMS effectB Cultural implication of mobile useC Change in the use of the mobileD Body language and the mobile phone!TEXT BOver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class-whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class”--are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job-security, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gapbetween the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups. 86, which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?A Life style and occupationB Attitude and incomeC Income and job securityD Job security and hobbies87 the writer seems to suggest that the description of＿＿is closer to truth?A middle –class ways of spending moneyB working-class ways of spending the weekendC working-class drinking habitsD middle-class attitudes88 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the middle -class?A Desiring for securityB Making long-term plansC Having priorities in lifeD Saving money89 Working-class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPTA better social securityB more job opportunitiesC higher living standardD better legal protection.90.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B The gap between working -class and middle- class young people is narrowing.C Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.TEXT CFor several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenl y turned, and asked me, “do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre?”The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‘No, sir.”“A h, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.”“Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn’t matter, or something like that,”“No, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.”I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly,“Yes, you’re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different.I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn’t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you’re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn’t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “you don’t relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You’re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you’ll fly very high. Good night.”91. At the beginning Miss Eyre 's impressions of Mr.Rochester were all EXCEPTA busyB sociableC friendlyD changeable92. In "....and all my knowledge of him was li mited to occasional meetings about the house,…”(the second paragraph), the word “about” meansA aroundB onC outsideD concerning.93. Why did Mr.Rochester say" ..and the you stab me in the back!" (the 7th paragraph)?.A Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.B Because Jane had intended to be more critical.C Because Jane had regretted having talked to him.D Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.94. From what Mr.Rochest told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted toA tell her all his troubles.B tell her his life experience.C change her opinion of him.D change his circumstances.95. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester soundedA rudeB coldC friendlyD encouraging.TEXT DThe ideal companion machine-the computer- would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing.Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that people obtain from interpersonal friendships. The machine would participate in interesting conversation that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user’s life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer’s own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.96. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?A Active in communicationB Attractive in personality.C enjoyable in performance.D unpredictable in behaviour97. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n)___ way.A quickB unpredictableC productiveD inconspicuous.98. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?A Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B Being sensitive to earlier contact.C Being ready to learn about the person's life.D Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.99Throughout the passage, the author is ____ in his attitude towards the computerA favourableB criticalC vagueD hesitant100. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?A Artificial relationships .B How to form intimate relationshipsC The affectionate machineD Humans and computers。
2005级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷A参考答案
2、All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction; that is, they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it.
答：从废水排入江河处的下游取用饮水时,不仅要特别注意从废水中清除有机物,而且要注意进行纯化微生物的消毒处理.也要关注从工厂排出的有机化学污染物,还要关注,沿杀虫剂和除草剂所污染的河流所灌溉的农田流出的排出物。
得
分
五、判断以下各句下画线部分何处有错，并改错。（每句只有一处有错）
（每小题2分，共10分）
答：所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说得更精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力。
3、Architecture calls for good proportions—a pleasing relationship of voids to solids, of height to width, of length to breadth.
3
Where wastewater discharges into rivers from which drinking water is takendownstream(下游), special attention is given not only to the removal of organic matter from the wastes but also to the disinfection processes that inactivatemicroorganisms(微生物). Also of concern are discharges of organic chemical contaminants from industry or runoff from farm lands along the river contaminated bypesticides(杀虫剂) andherbicides(除草剂).
土木工程英语测试一
Specialized English （civil engineering）土木工程专业英语测试一班级_______________ 姓名_______________ 学号___________得分________ Part I Translate the following Chinese terms into English.结构工程师____________土木工程师____________土木工程_______________ 建筑工地______________水力学________________建筑学_________________ 环境卫生系统__________港口设备_______________ 水流_____________________ 污水处理系统______________ 城市规划__________________ 水的净化_________________ 军事工程_________________ 变更___________________绿化层______________室内游泳池______________ 健身俱乐部______________ 技术规范______________Part II Translate the following English terms into Chinese.Winter Palace_____________ The Sydney Opera House_________________ Greek Acropolis_____________________superimposed load __________________________teaching office building area __________________the students dormitory area __________________civilian use____________________ structural engineering _________________ permanent structures _________________hydraulic engineering _________________ water supply _________________ advice and consultation_________________ technical investigation and analysis_________________construction consultation and inspection_________________construction management _________________ recreation facilities______________ solar zone______________service road ______________vehicular access______________maintenance period ______________multi-storey residential building______________Ground Floor ______________basement floors______________water tank ______________tenant amenities______________External Landscape Area______________front –of-house(FOH)______________main residential drop-off______________outdoor terrace seating______________plenum floor ______________duplex apartment______________cladding works ______________permanent power substation ______________construction program ______________construction sequences______________build up area ______________Part III. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. _1. 校园大致分(be divided into)教学区(teaching area)、教工宿舍区(staff area)、服务区(service area)、学生宿舍区(dorm area)、活动区(activity area)和绿化区(plant area)。
土木工程专业英语课后题答案汇编
英译汉Lesson One Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from Portland cement and sand in a ratio of circa 1:8.It is the main building material for walls of single-storey buildings (such as houses and schools)in countries such as Ghana and Nigeria. Measured strengths fo commercially available Sandcrete blocks in Nigeria were found to be between 0.5 and 1 N/mm2,which is well below the 3.5 N/mm2that is legally required there. This may be due to the need of the manufacturers to keep the price low,and since the main cost-factor is the Portland cement, they reduce that, which results in a block that starts behaving more like loose sand.翻译：sandcrete是黄白色建筑材料制成的波特兰水泥和沙子的比例大约1:8.it是主要的建筑墙体材料的单层建筑（如房屋和学校）在加纳和尼日利亚等国家。
测量优势的商用sandcrete块在尼日利亚被发现之间的0.5和1牛顿/毫米，这是远远低于3.5牛顿/毫米，是法律所要求的有。
这可能是由于需要的厂家保持价格低，因为主要cost-factor是波特兰水泥，他们减少，从而在一块，开始表现得更像松砂。
土木工程专业英语课后答案
土木工程专业英语课后答案Unite 22、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .（1）cross section 截面（2）bending moment 弯矩（3）live load 活载（4）force due to gravity 重力（5）building code 建筑规范（6）functional design 功能设计（7）nonstructural components 非结构构件（8）Nonprofit organization非赢利组织（9）the Uniform Building Code统一建筑规范（10）the Standard Building Code标准建筑规范3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.（1）The structural design of buildings ,whether of structural steel(结构钢) or reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土),requires the determination of the overall proportions(整体比例) and dimensions of the supporting framework(支撑结构) and the selection of the cross sections of individual members.建筑的结构设计，不论是用结构钢还是用钢筋混凝土材料，都要决定其整体比例和支撑结构的大小，以及选择单个构件的截面尺寸。
（2）The architect decides how the building should look; the engineer must make sure that it doesn’t fall down.建筑师决定建筑物的外观，结构工程师必须保证它不会倒塌。
2006年英语专业四级考试真题+解析
1 TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN.]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN.]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of each conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.1. How did Mark get there?A. By train and by car.B. By plane and by coach.C. By train and by bus.D. By bus and by plane.2. Mark used to wear all the following EXCEPT _______.A. short hairB. glassesC. moustacheD. beard3. Where is the meeting for new students to be held?A. In the third room on the right.B. In the Common Room.C. In a room at the other end.D. In Room 501.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of each conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.4. What did Steve originally plan to do?A. To go to a park near the beach.B. To stay at home.C. To see a new film.D. To do some study.5. Maggie finally decided to go to see a film because_______.A. there was no park nearby.B. the weather wasn’t ideal for a walk.C. it would be easier to go to a cinema.D. Steve hadn’t seen the film yet.6. Where did they plan to meet?A. Outside the Town Hall.B. Near the bank.C. In Steve ’s place.D. At the cinema.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of each conversation you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.7. The following details are true about the new device EXCEPT_______. A. it has color. B. it has a moving image.C. it costs less money.D. it is not on the market.2 8. Why didn’t Bill want one of them?A. He wanted to buy one from Japan.B. He wasn’t sure about its quality.C. He thought it was for business use.D. He thought it was expensive.9. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the woman?A. She had never read the magazine herself.B. She knew who usually read the magazine.C. She was quite interested in the new deviceD. She agreed with Bill at the end of the conversation.10. The conversation is mainly about _______.A. a new type of telephone.B. the cost of telephones.D. some features of the magazine. D. the readership of the magazine.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answerthe questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of each passage, you will begiven 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the passage.11.In the old days dongs were used for the following EXCEPT________.A. hunting other animals.B. driving sheepC. guarding chickens.D. keeping thieves away.12.Which of the following is CORRECT?A. Dogs are now treated as part of a family.B. Dogs still perform all the duties they used to do.C. People now keep dogs for the same reasons as before.D. Only old people are seen walking their dogs.13. The passage is mainly about_______.A. what dogs can doB. how to keep dogsC. dogs and their mastersD. Reasons for keeping dogsQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of each passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.14. According to the passage, the working conditions in the new place _________.A. are the same as the speaker is used toB. are expected to be rather poorC. are just as adequateD. are not yet clear15. What is the speaker going to do in the new place?A. TravelingB. StudyingC. Settling downD. Teaching16. The speaker expects _________.A. fewer choices of foodB. many ways to do washingC. modern lighting facilitiesD. new types of drinking water17. From the passage we can learn that the speaker______.A. is unprepared for the new post.B. is unclear about the conditions there.C. is ready for all the difficulties there.D. is eager to know more about the post.3 Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of each passage, you will begiven 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.18. According to the passage, when are children first expected to study hard?A. Before 6 years of age.B. Between 6 and 10.C. After 10 years of age.D. After 12 years of age.19. Parents who abuse their children tend to have the following problems EXCEPT_______.A. religious problemsB. emotional problemsC. financial problemsD. marriage problems20. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Boys and girl are equally energetic.B. Parents have higher expectations for boys.C. Some parents lack skills to deal with their kids.D. Some parents are ill-educated and ill-tempered.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.21. What has happened to the Cubans?A. They set foot in Florida.B. They were drowned.C. They were flown to the U.S.D. They were sent back to Cuba.22. How did the Cubans try to enter the U.S.?A. In a small boat.B. In an old truck.C. By swimming.D. By driving.Question 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.23. How many cities will have air quality monitoring systems installed by the end of this year?A. 42 cities.B. 220 cities.C. 150 cities.D. 262 cities.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. Altogether how many people were reported missing?A. 68B. 90C. 150D. 4025. Which of the following details is INCORRECT?A. The two ferries sank in different days.B. The accidents were caused by storms.C. The two ferries sank on the same river.D. More people were rescued from the first ferry.Questions 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.26. What is the news item mainly about?A. Indonesian government policies.B. Australia ’s support to the UN assistance mission.C. Opening of an Australian consulate in East Timor.D. Talks between Australia and Indonesia.Question 27and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. .Now listen to the news.27. The news item is mainly about a joint venture between _____.A. a US company and a UK companyB. a Swiss company and a UK companyC. two Taiwanese companiesD.A mainland company and a US company28. Who will provide the distribution networks in the joint venture?A.Unilever.B. Nestle.C. PepsiCo.D. Coca Cola. Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.29. Who staged the protest on Saturday?A. The soldiers.B. The peace camp.C. The militants.D. The hardliners.30. Which of the following details about the news is INCORRECT?A. 13 soldiers were killed last week.B. 100,000 people participated in the protest.C. The protesters demanded a pullout from Gaza.D. The Prime Minister rejected the pullout plan. PART IV CLOZE [15 MIN.]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most (31)_______ held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder—even if it means (32)_______ the pavement into a busy street! (33)_____ you must pass under a ladder you can (34)_____bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35)_____them crossed until you have seen a dog. (36)_____, you may lick your finger and(37)______ a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38)______ has dried. Another common (39)_______ is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house—it will either bring (40)______ to the person who opened it or to the whole (41)_______. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42)_____, as it inevitably brings rain! The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43)_______ on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44)_______.The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45)_____ it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (46)_________ in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods. Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47)______ witchcraft. It is (48)_____ lucky if a black cat crosses your path—although in America the exact opposite belief prevails. Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49)_______ luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never (50)_______, touch wood?”31. A. broadly B. widely C. quickly D. speedily32. A. running from B. jumping off C. stepping off D. keeping from33. A. If B. As C. Though D. Unless34. A. erase B. remove C. avoid D. ease4535. A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. to keep36. A. Consequently B. However C. Comparatively D. Alternatively37. A. make B. print C. perform D. produce38. A. label B. symbol C. mark D. cut39. A. argument B. superstition C. opinion D. idea40. A. loss B. difficulty C. tragedy D. misfortune41. A. house B. household C. home D. circle42. A. unwise B. unintelligent C. unpopular D. unfortunate43. A. falls B. arrives C. drops D. happens44. A. away B. outdoors C. indoors D. far45. A. when B. as C. if D. though46. A. have originated B. be originating C. be originated D. originate47. A. concerned about B. related with C. associated with D. connected in48. A. especially B. specially C. frequently D. rarely49. A. as B. for C. in D. of50. A. broken up B. broken off C. broken away D. broken down PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.51. _______dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However52. If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might53. The party, _______I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which54. It’s high time we ________ cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ________ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find56. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone________ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have57. I am surprised________ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not________ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough59. It is imperative that the government ________ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to660. Land belongs to the city; there is ________ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk_______far.A /B suchC thatD as62. The statistics _______ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove63. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, _______ the spoilt ones.A not countingB not to countC don’t countD having not counted64. It was _______ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, _______?A didn’t itB doesn’t thereC usedn’t it?D didn’t there66. It is an offence to show ________ against people of different races.A distinctionB differenceC separationD discrimination67. A great amount of work has gone into _______ the Cathedral to its previous splendor.A refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing68. The thieves fled with the local police close on their _________.A backsB necksC toesD heels69. The economic recession has meant that job________ is a rare thing.A securityB safetyC protectionD secureness70. Many people nowadays save money to ________ for their old age.A caterB supplyC provideD equip71. The tone of the article ________ the writer’s mood at the time.A reproducedB reflectedC imaginedD imitated72. This is not the right _______ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listenA momentB situationC opportunityD circumstance73. The job of a student accommodation officer_______ a great many visits to landladies.A concernsB offersC asksD involves74. Our family doctor’s clinic ________at the junction of two busy roads.A restsB standsC staysD seats75. She was so fat that she could only just ________ through the door.A assembleB appearC squeezeD gather76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ________.A leakingB tricklingC prominentD noticeable77. The reception was attended by _________ members of the local community. A excellent B conspicuous C prominent D noticeable778. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ______slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB recoveredC restoredD revived79. His_______ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A richB quickC productiveD fertile80. The couple has donated a not_______ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderableB inconsiderateC inaccurateD incomparablePART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN.]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First. Let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well. In thei r paper, “insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaki ng on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk .881. When people plan to meet nowadays, theyA. arrange the meeting place beforehandB. postpone fixing the place till last minuteC. seldom care about when and where to meetD. still love to work out detailed meeting plans.82. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen on ______.A. talkersB. the "speakeasy" C . the “spacemaker” D. texters83. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters areA. quite revealingB. well writtenC. unacceptable by othersD. shocking to others84. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?A. talkersB. the speakeasyC. the spacemakerD. texters85. An appropriate title for the passage might be_____.A. the SMS effectB. cultural implication of mobile useC. change in the use of the mobileD. body language and the mobile phone!TEXT BOver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class-whether a person is “working -class” or “middle -class” are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house of these provide him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There9seems to be much less difference than in precious generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.86. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?A. life style and occupationB. Attitude and incomeC. income and job securityD. job security and hobbies87. The writer seems to suggest that the description of __________is closer to truth?A. middle –class ways of spending moneyB. working-class ways of spending the weekendC. working-class drinking habitsD. middle-class attitudes88. According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle -class?A. desiring for securityB. Making long term plansC. having priorities in lifeD. saving money89. Working -class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factor except_________.A. better social securityB. more job opportunitiesC. higher living standardD. better legal protection.90. Which of the following statement is incorrect?A. Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B. The gap between working -class and middle- class young people is narrowingC. different in income will remain but those in occupation will disappearD. middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class peopleTEXT CFor several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighborhood called and some times stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, “do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre?”The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‘No, sir.”“Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.”“Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn’t matter, or something like that,”10 “N o, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticize my appe arance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good pointsI thought to myself that he might have too. He s eemed to read my mind, and said quickly,” yes, you’re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty -one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wis er. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn’t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you’re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn’t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “You don’t relax or laugh very much; perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You’re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you’ll fly very high. Good night.”91. At the beginning miss Eyre’s impressions of Mr. Rochester were all except _________A. busyB. sociableC. friendlyD. changeable92. I n "....and all my knowledge him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,…”.the word about means_________A. aroundB. onC. outsideD. concerning93. Why did Mr. Rochester say “..and the you stab me in the back!” the (7thpara.)？A. Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knifeB. Because Jane had intended to be more critical.C. Because Jane had regretted having talked to himD. Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.94. From what Mr. Rochester told miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to________A. tell her all his troublesB. tell her his life experience.C. change her opinion of himD. change his circumstances95. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded________A. rudeB. coldC. friendlyD. encouraging.TEXT DThe ideal companion machine-the computer- would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress toa more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would addits own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing11 or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user’s life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer’s own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.96. Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?A. Active in communicationB. Attractive in personality.C. Enjoyable in performanceD. Unpredictable in behavior97. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) _______way.A. quickB. unpredictableC. productiveD. inconspicuous.98. Which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?A. Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B. Being sensitive to earlier contact.C. Being ready to learn about the person's lifeD. Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.99. Throughout the passage, the author is _____in his attitude toward the computerA. favorableB. criticalC. vagueD. hesitant100. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?A. Artificial relationships.B. How to form intimate relationshipsC. The affectionate machineD. Humans and computersPART VI WRITING [45 MIN.]SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN.]Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou ,Xi 'an, Chengdu , Shanghai , Wuhan, Nanjing ,and Shenyang . The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow's money today is better, what do you think?Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic :Saving Money or Spending Tomorrow ’s Money You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state what you think is the best way.。
2006年6月大学英语三级(A级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2006年6月大学英语三级（A级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices A , B, C, and D.1．A．Reading a novel.B．Mailing a parcel.C．Writing a book.D．Typing a letter.正确答案：D解析：W: When do you need to have the letter typed?M: The sooner, the better. I’ve got to mail it tomorrow.Q: What are they talking about?信息明示题。
2006年英语试题及答案
2006年英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）第一部分：短对话理解（每题1分，共5分）1. A) 去图书馆。
B) 去超市。
C) 去电影院。
D) 去公园。
2. A) 8:00。
B) 8:30。
C) 9:00。
D) 9:30。
3. A) 老师。
B) 学生。
C) 医生。
D) 律师。
4. A) 雨。
B) 雪。
C) 风。
D) 雾。
5. A) 同意。
B) 不同意。
C) 不确定。
D) 未提及。
答案：1-5 CADBA第二部分：长对话理解（每题2分，共10分）6. 问题：What is the man's major?A) Biology. B) Chemistry. C) Physics. D) Mathematics.7. 问题：Why does the woman suggest going to the museum?A) To see the new exhibits. B) To meet her friend. C) To relax. D) To study.8. 问题：What does the woman plan to do after the exam?A) Go on a trip. B) Start a part-time job. C) Visit her parents. D) Take a course.9. 问题：What is the relationship between the speakers?A) Classmates. B) Teacher and student. C) Friends. D) Colleagues.10. 问题：What is the man's opinion about the restaurant?A) The food is delicious but expensive.B) The service is good but the food is not.C) The restaurant is too crowded.D) The restaurant is not worth the price.答案：6-10 BACDA第三部分：短文理解（每题2分，共5分）11. 问题：What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of education.B) The benefits of traveling.C) The impact of technology.D) The role of cultural exchange.12. 问题：According to the passage, what is the first step to success?A) Setting a goal. B) Taking action. C) Perseverance. D) Opportunity.13. 问题：What does the author suggest about learning a new language?A) It is easy for everyone.B) It requires practice and patience.C) It is only useful for traveling.D) It is not necessary in the modern world.14. 问题：What is the author's view on the future of technology?A) It will make life easier.B) It will replace human labor.C) It will lead to unemployment.D) It will create more problems than it solves.15. 问题：What is the purpose of the passage?A) To inform. B) To persuade. C) To entertain. D) To describe.答案：11-15 DBBAD二、阅读理解（共30分）A节：阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
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答：The form of a building is an outgrowth of its function, its environment, and various socioeconomic factors.
3、建筑学要求有恰当的比例，即令人愉快的虚与实、高与宽、长与宽的关系。
答：混凝土体系：尽管钢结构的高层建筑起步早，但钢筋混凝土结构的高层建筑以非常快的速度发展，这足以向用于办公楼和公寓楼的钢结构体系提出严峻的挑战。
2
Pipeline engineering. In this branch of civil engineering, engineers build pipelines and related facilities which transport liquids, gases, or solidsranging fromcoalslurries（泥浆）(mixed coal and water) and semiliquid wastes,towater, oil, and various types of highly combustible and noncombustible gases. The engineersdetermine①pipelinedesign,②the economic and environmentalimpactof a project on regions it must traverse,③the type ofmaterialsto be used-steel, concrete, plastic,④orcombinationsof various materials-installation techniques,⑤methodsfor testing pipeline strength, and⑥controlsfor maintaining proper pressure and rate of flow of materials being transported. When hazardous materials are being carried, safety is a major consideration as well.
1、They coordinate the activities of virtually everyone engaged in the work.
答：事实上，他们协调工程中每个人的活动。
2、They may also manage private engineering firms ranging in size from a few employees to hundreds.
4、The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area.
答：管线工程：在土木工程的这个分支专业中，工程师们建设管线和有关运送液体，气体，或煤泥浆（煤和水的混合物），半流体废品，水，油，和各种易燃和不易燃的气体的设施。工程师们进行管线设计，并估计管线项目对所跨区域的经济环境影响，确定各种要用的材料－钢材，混凝土，塑料等，确定各种材料组合方法即安装技术，制定测试管线强度的方法，制定保持和控制被运送材料的合理流速和合适的压力。当运输有害物质时，主要还要考虑安全问题。
3
Environment may affectboththe shapeandappearance of a building. An urban school may create its own environment by usingblank wallstoseal outthe city completely, and a country school may develop as an integral part of the landscape, even though both schools fulfill the same function.
3、本科毕业生-------------------------------undergraduate students
4、refuse disposal----------------------------垃圾处理
5、水资源工程-------------------------------water resources engineering
答：Many teaching civil engineers engage in basic research that eventually leads to technical innovations in construction materials and methods.
得
分
二、将下述句子翻译成中文（每小题5分，共20分）
答：该体系由间距很小的பைடு நூலகம்子构成的外框筒与围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。
得
分
三、翻译下述专业词语（英译汉或汉译英）（每小题2分，共20分）
1、结构工程----------------------------------structural engineering
2、geotechnical engineering ---------------岩土工程
答：他们也可以管理规模从几个到数百个雇员的私营工程公司。
3、Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required.
答：因为所需墙体的厚度很大，承重墙结构限制了建筑物的高度。
湘潭大学2009年下学期2006级
《土木工程专业英语》课程考试试卷（A卷参考答案）
适用年级专业2006级土木工程专业
考试方式（开卷）考试时间120分钟
学院专业班级
学号姓名
题
号
一
二
三
四
五
六
七
八
总分
阅卷
教师
得
分
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
得
分
一、将下述四个汉语句子翻译成英语（每小题5分，共20分）
答：建筑学是建筑物的艺术。事实上，建筑学涉及到人类使用的一切空间和环境。在特定建筑物中开展的精细活动－从工厂的装配线到住宅中的客厅，都应该规定其几个区域的尺寸和形状。这些空间也应该按相互间的某种逻辑关系来排列。此外，人类在建筑物中的运动－以建筑术语来说的循环“运动”需要大厅，楼梯，或电梯等设施，这些设施的尺寸受预期的通道所支配。结构设计－建筑师首先要考虑的问题，是将这些不同用途的空间进行功能分区以实现建筑意图。良好的设计方案，显然关系到大厦中几个单元，引导来宾到达结构中的目的地，并潜意识地给人以深刻的印象。相反，一个坏的设计导致不方便，浪费和视觉混乱。
答：Architecture calls for good proportions—a pleasing relationship of voids to solids, of height to width, of length to breadth.
4、许多从事教学的土木工程师参与会导致建筑材料和施工方法技术革新的基础研究。
9、钢筋混凝土---------------------------------reinforced concrete
10、ultrahigh-rise building--------------------超高层建筑
得
分
四、将下述段落翻译汉语（每小题10分，共40分）
1
Systems in concrete. While tall buildings constructed of steelhad an early start, development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressedat a fastenough rate to providea competitive challengetostructural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings.
6、framed tube--------------------------------框架筒
7、转包合同-----------------------------------subcontractors
8、as discussed above ------------------------如上所述
1、所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说得更精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力。
答：All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction; that is, they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it.
答：环境可能影响建筑物的形状和外观。城市的学校可以用间隔围墙将它完全与城市隔开，而乡村学校可以开发一个完整的风景，即使这两种学校都能实现相同的功能，便它们的形状和外观大不相同。
4、Architecture is the art of building. Virtually all architecture is concerned with the enclosure of space for human use. The precise activities to be housed in any specificbuilding—rangingfroman assembly linein a factorytoa living room in a home—should dictate the size and shape of the several areas within. These spaces also must be arranged in some logical relation to each other. Furthermore, the movement of human beings within the building—“circulation” in architecturalparlance（n.谈话，说法，用法）—requires halls, stairs, or elevators whose size is governed by the expected load of traffic. The plan of a structure, always the first consideration of an architect, is the resolution of these different purposes into an organization of spaces that will fulfill the intent of the building. Good planning guides the visitor to his destination in the structure and impresses him, perhapssubconsciously（潜意识地）, byvisibly（显然）relating the several units of theedifice（大厦，大建筑物）.Conversely, a bad plan results in inconvenience, waste, and visual confusion.