《定语从句的翻译》PPT课件
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定语从句的翻译
但情感和智力方面在发展，也 开始在道德伦理方面感悟世界。
融合法
❖翻译时把主句与定语从句 融合成一个简单句，定语 从句译成简单句中的谓语 部分，主句压缩成汉语词 组做主语。
1. We have a social and political system which differs in many respects from your own.
❖（前置法） ❖（后置法）
❖工人们坐在旁 ❖工作台很高， 边的工作台很 工人们坐在旁 高，很不舒服。 边很不舒服。
4. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas.
❖日光来自太阳，太阳是一 团炙热、发光的气体。
❖她在银行里的存款，足够使 她在各个方面都受到欢迎。
转换法
❖英语中，有些定语从句在逻辑上 与主句有状语关系，说明原因、 结果、目的等，翻译时应找出这 种暗含的逻辑关系，然后译成汉 语相应的句子。
1. Individuals who are infected
with HIV but remain healthy and
4. How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesn’t know what the students are thinking and demanding?
❖ 一个教师如果不知道他的学生在想什么， 需要什么，怎能指望他成为一个合格的 教师？
定语从句的翻译
（Attributive Clause）
四种方法
❖前置法 ❖后置法 ❖融合法 ❖转换法
前置法/后置法
❖1. I think we should be worried about the values that are nurturing the new generation.
英语知识-定语从句的翻译PPT
• Translation skills for related pronouns guiding related clion strategies for related advertisements guiding related claims
• Analysis of Translation Examples of Complex Structure Attributive Clause
Translation of English
Knowledge Attributive Clause
目录
• Basic concepts and structures of relevant clauses
• Classification and characteristics of relevant clauses
noun or pronoun it modifications
Structure
Typical, a restrictive attribute clause follows the noun or pronoun it modifications and is not set off by commas It usually begins with a relative
Use of relative proofs/advertisements: Both types of classes can begin with relative proofs or advertisements, but their functions differ In restrictive clauses, these words introduce essential information, while in non restrictive clauses, they introduce non essential information
• Analysis of Translation Examples of Complex Structure Attributive Clause
Translation of English
Knowledge Attributive Clause
目录
• Basic concepts and structures of relevant clauses
• Classification and characteristics of relevant clauses
noun or pronoun it modifications
Structure
Typical, a restrictive attribute clause follows the noun or pronoun it modifications and is not set off by commas It usually begins with a relative
Use of relative proofs/advertisements: Both types of classes can begin with relative proofs or advertisements, but their functions differ In restrictive clauses, these words introduce essential information, while in non restrictive clauses, they introduce non essential information
英汉基础翻译要点—定语从句的译法PPT课件
第9页/共67页
5.2 译成后置的并列分句
• A．一些结构较复杂，或者意思上又较强的独立性 的限定性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列分句。 采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词， 有时可在这词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”等， 以使译文明确。如：
第10页/共67页
• 例1．But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.
• 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也 许能为许多需要工作的人提供就
第3页/共67页
• 例2．There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.
第7页/共67页
• 例1．This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students of engineering who have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects.
• 在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不 畏劳苦，沿着陡峭的山路攀登的人，
5.2 译成后置的并列分句
• A．一些结构较复杂，或者意思上又较强的独立性 的限定性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列分句。 采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词， 有时可在这词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”等， 以使译文明确。如：
第10页/共67页
• 例1．But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.
• 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也 许能为许多需要工作的人提供就
第3页/共67页
• 例2．There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.
第7页/共67页
• 例1．This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students of engineering who have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects.
• 在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不 畏劳苦，沿着陡峭的山路攀登的人，
Unit11英语定语从句翻译PPT课件
总结词：直译法
详细描述：直译法是指将英文定语从句按照原文的句式和结 构进行翻译，尽可能保留原文的表达方式和意义。这种方法 能够保持原文的语气和风格，但有时可能会显得生硬或不够 流畅。
Free translation method
总结词：意译法
详细描述：意译法是指将英文定语从句按照汉语的表达习 惯进行翻译，不拘泥于原文的句式和结构，以传达原文的 含义和精神为主。这种方法能够使译文更加流畅自然，但 有时可能会牺牲原文的一些细节或风格。
translating attributive clauses • Translation exercise and answer analysis of
relative clauses
01
Introduction to relative clauses
The definition of attributive clauses
ellipsis
总结词：省略法
VS
详细描述：省略法是指将英文定语从 句中的某些成分进行省略或简化，以 使译文更加简洁明了。这种方法适用 于一些较为冗长或复杂的定语从句， 能够减少译文的篇幅和复杂度。需要 注意的是，省略法可能会牺牲原文的 一些信息或风格，因此在使用时需要 谨慎考虑。
03
Translation Practice of Attributive Clause
Answer Analysis: The correct translation of this sentence is " 中了彩票的那个人现在成了百万 富翁。" The relative clause "who won the lottery" modifies "person". In Chinese, we use "那" to indicate the specific person, and "中了彩票 的" as the modifying phrase.
详细描述：直译法是指将英文定语从句按照原文的句式和结 构进行翻译，尽可能保留原文的表达方式和意义。这种方法 能够保持原文的语气和风格，但有时可能会显得生硬或不够 流畅。
Free translation method
总结词：意译法
详细描述：意译法是指将英文定语从句按照汉语的表达习 惯进行翻译，不拘泥于原文的句式和结构，以传达原文的 含义和精神为主。这种方法能够使译文更加流畅自然，但 有时可能会牺牲原文的一些细节或风格。
translating attributive clauses • Translation exercise and answer analysis of
relative clauses
01
Introduction to relative clauses
The definition of attributive clauses
ellipsis
总结词：省略法
VS
详细描述：省略法是指将英文定语从 句中的某些成分进行省略或简化，以 使译文更加简洁明了。这种方法适用 于一些较为冗长或复杂的定语从句， 能够减少译文的篇幅和复杂度。需要 注意的是，省略法可能会牺牲原文的 一些信息或风格，因此在使用时需要 谨慎考虑。
03
Translation Practice of Attributive Clause
Answer Analysis: The correct translation of this sentence is " 中了彩票的那个人现在成了百万 富翁。" The relative clause "who won the lottery" modifies "person". In Chinese, we use "那" to indicate the specific person, and "中了彩票 的" as the modifying phrase.
定语从句的翻译ppt课件
21
当从句具有转折意义时，除重复关系代词所 代的名词之外，还须加连词“而”、 “但”、“可是”等。
22
Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.
物质是由分子构成的，而分子又是由原子构 成的。
A metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not.
液压仿形适合于宇航工业，但这种工业当时 在欧洲尚处于发展阶段。
24
The additional ozone may absorb more than the usual amount of the sun's heat, which in turn may effect our weather.
增加的臭氧吸收比正常量更多的太阳的热量，从 而影响到我们的天气。
所有生命体都由极小的细胞构成，借助显微镜可 以看到其形状。
The control unit is an important part of the computer, which can cause the machine to operate according to man’s wishes.
控制器是计算机的重要部分，它能使计算机按人 们的意愿进行操作。
Strength, hardness and plasticity of metals are the properties that make them so useful for industry.
6
So the preparation of a pure culture involves the isolation of a given microorganism from a mixed natural microbial population
当从句具有转折意义时，除重复关系代词所 代的名词之外，还须加连词“而”、 “但”、“可是”等。
22
Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.
物质是由分子构成的，而分子又是由原子构 成的。
A metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not.
液压仿形适合于宇航工业，但这种工业当时 在欧洲尚处于发展阶段。
24
The additional ozone may absorb more than the usual amount of the sun's heat, which in turn may effect our weather.
增加的臭氧吸收比正常量更多的太阳的热量，从 而影响到我们的天气。
所有生命体都由极小的细胞构成，借助显微镜可 以看到其形状。
The control unit is an important part of the computer, which can cause the machine to operate according to man’s wishes.
控制器是计算机的重要部分，它能使计算机按人 们的意愿进行操作。
Strength, hardness and plasticity of metals are the properties that make them so useful for industry.
6
So the preparation of a pure culture involves the isolation of a given microorganism from a mixed natural microbial population
《定语从句的翻译》课件
名词修饰
用来限定或说明名词的具体 内容
位置
一般是在先行词后面，由关 系词引导
举例
我住在一个很漂亮的城市， 这个城市有许多著名的景点。
定语从句的作用
定语从句可以使句子更加具体，更加清晰，更加精确，使句子的表述更丰富多彩。例如：“买了3 个苹果的那个人是谁？”
1
具体化
可以使句子更加具体、精确、丰富
2
举例
先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
定语从句的引导词
用于引导定语从句的关系代词分为：who, whom, whose, which和that五种，其中which和that还可作为关系代词， 引导非限制性定语从句。例如：“我认识那个穿红衣服的人。”
• who • whom • whose • which • that
宾语的定语从句。
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定语从句在口语和写作中的运用
在现代汉语口语和写作中，定语从句运用广泛，是表述语言的重要工具。例如：“那个坐在你后面的人，今天 上午迟到了吗？”
用于口语和写作
定语从句的运用广泛
表述更丰富多彩
为语言表述增加了更多的方式
定语从句的实际应用场景
英汉之间的翻译需要更多的思考
关系代词在定语从句中的作用
关系代词除了引导定语从句外，还在定语从句中充当成分。例如：“我认识那个穿红衣服的人。”
• who/that：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 • whom/that：在定语从句中作宾语。 • which/that/whose：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
• 注意是否需要重复先行词。 • 注意特殊用法，如省略关系代词、使用whose等。 • 注意关系代词的正确使用。
定语从句的翻译(共19张PPT)
定语从句的翻译涉及限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句与修饰词关系密切，通常置于其前，但需足够简短以保持主句完整，如“我想买一座又便宜又舒适的房子”。若定语从句可能引起歧义或逻辑错误，应置于修饰词后，作为独立句子，如“他们打死四人，并打伤了后来伤重死去的第五人”。某些定语从句可置于修饰词前后，意义无差，如“在欧洲大陆，有一个话题人们讳莫如深，那就是天气”。非限制性定语从句则通常与主句分开，译为独立句子，因其通常较长且具描述或解释性，如“第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，因而第二次世界大战比第一次更复杂”。但需注意，有些非限制性定语从句在意义的准确性和流畅性。
定语从句的翻译ppt课件
后置法的应用可以将原文从句的关系代词按 顺序重复出来，也可以省略，或者将从句处理为 独立的句子。
He saw in front that white-haired old woman, whose eyes flashed red with anger. 他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老太太， 眼睛里愤怒地闪着红光。（省略）
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再买一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。（强调 让步）
That man became desired for work, any work, which would help him to keep his family alive.
They went to Mr. Chang, who gave them a hearty welcome. 他们去看张先生，张先生热诚地欢迎他们。 I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting. 我遇到了一个问题。当我就要
The emphasis was helped by the speaker’s mouth, which was wide, thin and hard-set. 说话人那又宽又薄又紧绷绷的嘴巴，帮助他加强了语 气。 The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
融合法是把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在 一起，译成一个独立的句子。比如英语中“there are / is …”的句型处理，或者将定语从句转化而 成的谓语，与将英语主句压缩成汉语词组而形成 的主语结合起来，构成一个独立的汉语句子。
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4. The reason why he failed is still obscure. 5. The people who worked for him lived in
mortal fear of him. 6. He liked his sister, who was warm andFra bibliotek课堂练习
1. Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it every year.
2. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable.
3. Stratford is the native place of Shakespeare I have longed for.
It was he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
His laughter， which was infectious， broke the silence.
课堂练习
1. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying.
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.
课堂练习
1. There are many people who want to see the film.
2. There is much that we can learn from him today.
定语从句的翻译
定语从句虽然在英文中很常见，但却是 中文中所没有的结构之一。
在具体翻译时，必须正确体会原文的逻 辑概念，合理安排译文的语序，根据其
结构和含义采用不同的译法。
一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的 先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
三、融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的 先行词结合在一起翻译
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
2. Words are living things, the very bodies in which ideas and emotions become materialized.
3. Those who did not die from smallpox usually carried scars on their faces for life.
pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的 先行词后面，翻译为并列分句
I told the story to John， who told it to his brother.
4. Our records show that a large group of young people, about 95% of them boys, are computer freaks who live for nothing but the machine.
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
3. Premier Zhou Enlai is a great statesman whose name is known all over the world.
4. Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and lifestyles.
You，whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research，have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.
mortal fear of him. 6. He liked his sister, who was warm andFra bibliotek课堂练习
1. Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it every year.
2. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable.
3. Stratford is the native place of Shakespeare I have longed for.
It was he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
His laughter， which was infectious， broke the silence.
课堂练习
1. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying.
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.
课堂练习
1. There are many people who want to see the film.
2. There is much that we can learn from him today.
定语从句的翻译
定语从句虽然在英文中很常见，但却是 中文中所没有的结构之一。
在具体翻译时，必须正确体会原文的逻 辑概念，合理安排译文的语序，根据其
结构和含义采用不同的译法。
一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的 先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
三、融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的 先行词结合在一起翻译
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
2. Words are living things, the very bodies in which ideas and emotions become materialized.
3. Those who did not die from smallpox usually carried scars on their faces for life.
pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的 先行词后面，翻译为并列分句
I told the story to John， who told it to his brother.
4. Our records show that a large group of young people, about 95% of them boys, are computer freaks who live for nothing but the machine.
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
3. Premier Zhou Enlai is a great statesman whose name is known all over the world.
4. Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and lifestyles.
You，whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research，have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.