轿车前麦弗逊悬架毕业设计
(完整版)SUV轿车悬架系统设计说明书毕业设计

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摘要随着汽车工业和减振器行业的发展以及生活条件的改善,人们对汽车的要求已经不仅仅局限于通行,乘客对汽车的运动性也提出了更高的要求。
在这种市场需求下一种兼具城市行走、野外运动,极其符合现代年轻人追求强烈个性的心态的SUV轿车应运以而生。
SUV能适应各种路况,而且对于悬架的舒适性和操纵稳定性也有更高的要求。
这次设计的SUV轿车悬架系统也是为了适应发展当前的这种实际的需要而设计。
本次设计主要研究SUV轿车的前、后悬架系统的结构设计。
前悬架采用目前较流行的麦弗逊式独立悬架系统,后悬架采用舒适性较好的二连杆式非独立悬架。
前、后悬架的减振器均采用双向作用式筒式减振器。
这种结构的设计,有效的提高了乘座的舒适性和驾驶稳定性。
在此次设计中还进行了悬架参数的确定、弹性元件的设计计算、导向机构和横向稳定杆的结构计算及强度校核。
而且,采用Matlab软件对悬架系统的平顺性性进行了编程分析,论证了该系统设计方案的合理正确性,能够满足工程实际的需要。
本设计对于提高汽车行驶平顺性、操纵稳定性等问题具有一定的的实际意义。
此外对于汽车生产企业悬架设计,具有一定的参考价值。
关键词:独立悬架;非独立悬架;汽车减振器;平顺性;ABSTRACTAs the auto industry and the shock absorber and the development of the industry to improve the living conditions of people in the car such a market demand of both urban walking, field sports, in line with modern young people to pursue an extremely strong personality of the mentality of SUV cars to be shipped and Health. SUV can adapt to all kinds of traffic, but also for suspension of comfort and of the SUV car suspension system is also in order to meet the current development of the actual needs of such a design.The design of major research SUV cars before and after the suspension system of structural design. Before the current suspension of the more popular Maifuxunshi independent suspension system, rear suspension better use of comfort-two-link independent suspension. Before and after the suspension of the shock absorber and effective use of the improved comfort and driving stability. Also in the design of a suspension parameters of the flexibility of the design elements, the orientation and structure of the calculation and strength checking. Moreover, the use of Matlab software on the ride suspension system of a programming analysis, demonstration of the system design of reasonable accuracy, to meet the actual needs.The design for improving the car on ride comfort, addition to auto enterprises suspension design, with some reference value.Key words: independent suspension; dependent suspension;automobile shock absorber; ride comfort;目录第1章绪论 (1)1.1悬架系统概述 (1)1.2课题研究的目的及意义 (3)1.3课题研究的主要内容 (4)第2章前、后悬架结构的选择 (4)2.1独立悬架结构特点 (4)2.2非独立悬架结构特点 (6)2.3前后悬架结构方案 (7)2.4辅助元件 (10)2.4.1横向稳定器 (10)2.4.2弹性元件 (10)第3章技术参数确定与计算 (11)3.1自振频率 (11)3.2悬架刚度 (11)3.3悬架静挠度 (11)3.4悬架动挠度 (12)第4章弹性元件的设计计算 (13)4.1前悬架弹簧(麦弗逊悬架) (13)4.1.1螺旋弹簧的端部形状 (13)4.1.2螺旋弹簧的参数计算 (13)4.1.3弹簧圈数 (14)4.2后悬架弹簧(二连杆悬架) (14)4.2.1螺旋弹簧的参数计算 (14)4.2.2弹簧圈数 (15)第5章减振器设计 (16)5.1减振器概述 (16)5.2减振器分类 (16)5.3减振器主要性能参数 (17)5.5.1相对阻尼系数 (17)5.5.2减振器阻尼系数 (18)5.4最大卸荷力 (18)5.5筒式减振器主要尺寸 (18)5.5.1筒式减振器工作直径 (18)5.5.2油筒直径 (19)第6章横向稳定器设计 (19)第7章平顺性分析 (21)7.1平顺性概念 (21)7.2汽车平顺性的研究方法 (21)7.3汽车振动系统模型的建立 (22)7.4平顺性的评价方法 (24)7.5影响平顺性的因素 (25)第8章结论 (26)参考文献 (27)致谢 (28)附录Ⅰ (29)附录Ⅱ (41)第1章绪论1.1悬架系统概述近年来,舒适性问题对于汽车企业的要求逐年提高,影响舒适性的主要因素有操纵稳定性和乘坐舒适性等因素。
前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计

前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计This manuscript was revised on November 28, 2020存档编号华北水利水电大学North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power毕业设计题目乘用车悬架系统设计学院机械学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化姓名学号指导教师完成时间教务处制独立完成与诚信声明本人郑重声明:所提交的毕业设计(论文)是本人在指导教师的指导下,独立工作所取得的成果并撰写完成的,郑重确认没有剽窃、抄袭等违反学术道德、学术规范的侵权行为。
文中除已经标注引用的内容外,不包含其他人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。
毕业设计(论文)作者签名:指导导师签名:签字日期:签字日期:毕业设计(论文)版权使用授权书本人完全了解华北水利水电大学有关保管、使用毕业设计(论文)的规定。
特授权华北水利水电大学可以将毕业设计(论文)的全部或部分内容公开和编入有关数据库提供检索,并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段复制、保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。
同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交毕业设计(论文)原件或复印件和电子文档(涉密的成果在解密后应遵守此规定)。
毕业设计(论文)作者签名:导师签名:签字日期:签字日期:摘要悬架的主要功能是传递作用在车轮和车身之间的一切力和力矩,缓冲传给车身的冲击载荷,通过减震器衰减由车轮引起的簧上震动,保证汽车行驶的平顺性,保证车轮在路面不平和载荷变化时有理想的运动特征,增强汽车的操纵稳定性,轻便性。
本文首先论述了悬架的分类、优缺点及国内外的研究现状,然后以日产天籁为设计参照,使用传统设计方法(非优化设计)设计计算前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架,涵盖了选定悬架质量分配系数,选定车震频率、偏频比,计算悬架静挠度和动挠度,减震器行程及工作缸内径的选择及螺旋弹簧的直径、工作圈数设计等。
麦弗逊悬架钢板弹簧悬架毕业设计

麦弗逊悬架钢板弹簧悬架毕业设计北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺:本人承诺呈交的毕业设计《东风帅客悬架结构设计》是在指导教师的指导下,独立开展研究取得的成果,文中引用他人的观点和材料,均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献,设计使用的数据真实可靠。
本人签名:日期:年月日北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计东风帅客悬架结构设计摘要悬架是现代汽车上的重要组成之一,它的主要作用是传递车轮和车身之间的力和力矩,并且缓和由不平路面传给车身的冲击载荷,衰减由此引起的振动,保证乘员的舒适性,减小货物和车辆本身的动载荷。
本文主要完成东风帅客2021款悬架结构的设计。
设计中首先介绍了乘用车悬架结构的研究现状,对悬架的作用、悬架的分类以及悬架的设计要求进行了概述;然后确定了东风帅客的悬架结构形式为前麦弗逊悬架独立悬架,后钢板弹簧非独立悬架;然后完成悬架各零部件进行参数设计计算和校核。
计算过程先确定东风帅客悬架主要性能参数,包括悬架静挠度、动挠度等;而后进行前后悬架弹性元件设计计算,包括螺旋弹簧、钢板弹簧、减震器等元件基本参数的设计计算以及强度校核;最后对本设计做出结论分析和利用CAD 绘图软件完成麦弗逊悬架和钢板弹簧悬架的装配图和部分零件图的绘制。
关键词:麦弗逊悬架;钢板弹簧悬架;减震器;结构设计北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计The Design of the Suspension Structure of Dongfeng shaicoAbstractSuspension is one of the important components of modern cars.Its main functions are transmitting forces and torques between the wheels andbodies,easing the impact load from the uneven surfaces which delivers to the body, decaying the resulting vibrati on, ensuring the passengers’ comfort and decreasing the dynamic load from both the goods and the vehicles.This paper is mainly about the design of the suspension structure of Dongfeng Succe. First ,it introduces the research status of suspension structure of the passenger cars,and the overview of suspension function, suspension classification and suspension design requirements. Second, it sets the suspension structure type as front MacPherson dependent suspension and rear leaf spring independent suspension. Third, the parameter of every component of suspension is designed and checked. During calculation, the main performance parameters of the suspension , such as, static deflection, dynamic deflection ,etc should be determined . Then the front and rear of suspension elastic components are designed and calculated, including coil spring, leaf spring, shock absorber, those component’s basic parameters design caculation and strength check.Finally, this paper is made to a analysis and summary, and the assemble diagram and parts of spare parts diagram of MacPherson suspension and leaf spring suspension are completed by using CAD software.Keywords: Front MacPherson dependent suspension ; Leaf spring suspension; Shock absorber; Structure design北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计目录1前言 ........................................................................... (1)1.1悬架设计在国内外的发展概况及存在的问题 (1)1.2悬架研究的目的、意义及设计要求 ........................................................................... ............ 2 1.3本设计应解决的主要问题 ........................................................................... ............................ 3 2悬架结构的确定 ........................................................................... . (4)2.1汽车悬架的组成及各部件的作用 ........................................................................... ................ 4 2.2非独立悬架的分类及特点 ........................................................................... ............................ 4 2.2独立悬架的分类及特点 ........................................................................... ................................ 6 2.3前后悬架系统的确定 ........................................................................... (7)2.3.1 前独立悬架结构的确定 ........................................................................... .................... 8 2.3.2 后悬架结构的确定 ........................................................................... . (9)3悬架主要参数的确定 ........................................................................... (10)3.1东风帅客基本参数 ........................................................................... ...................................... 10 3.2悬架主要性能参数的确定 ........................................................................... .. (10)3.2.1 悬架静挠度和动挠度的确定 ........................................................................... .......... 10 3.2.2平顺性参数的确定 ........................................................................... ........................... 13 3.2.3操纵稳定性参数的确定 ........................................................................... ................... 14 3.2.4纵向稳定性参数的确定 ........................................................................... . (16)4悬架弹性元件和减震器的设计计算 ........................................................................... . (18)4.1钢板弹簧主要参数和尺寸的确定 ........................................................................... .. (18)4.1.1 钢板弹簧材料的确定 ........................................................................... ...................... 18 4.1.2钢板弹簧主片长度L的确定 ........................................................................... .......... 20 4.1.3钢板弹簧断面高度及片数的确定 ........................................................................... ... 20 4.1.4自由状态下弧高和曲率半径的确定 ..........................................................................23 4.1.5装配前各片弹簧自由状态下曲率半径的确定 .......................................................... 24 4.1.6钢板弹簧的强度校核 ........................................................................... ....................... 25 4.1.7钢板弹簧卷耳强度核算 ........................................................................... . (26)北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计4.2麦弗逊悬架螺旋弹簧的设计 ........................................................................... . (27)4.2.1螺旋弹簧材料的确定 ........................................................................... ....................... 27 4.2.2螺旋弹簧直径和刚度的确定 ........................................................................... ........... 27 4.2.3螺旋弹簧其他几何参数的确定 ........................................................................... ....... 29 4.2.4螺旋弹簧稳定性校核 ........................................................................... ....................... 30 4.2.5螺旋弹簧扭转应力的校核 ........................................................................... ............... 30 4.3减震器的设计 ........................................................................... . (31)4.3.1减震器的选择 ........................................................................... ................................... 31 4.3.2双筒式减震器的工作原理 ........................................................................... ............... 31 4.3.3减震器相对阻尼系数的选择 ........................................................................... ........... 32 4.3.4减震器阻尼系数?的确定 ........................................................................... ............... 33 4.3.5最大卸荷力F0的确定 ........................................................................... (34)4.3.6筒式减震器工作缸直径D的确定 ........................................................................... .. 355结论 ........................................................................... . (38)参考文献 ........................................................................... .................................................................... 39 谢辞 ........................................................................... ............................................................................40 附录 ........................................................................... . (41)1麦弗逊悬架装配图 ........................................................................... ......................................... 41 2钢板弹簧悬架装配图 ........................................................................... ..................................... 42 3外文翻译 ........................................................................... .. (43)感谢您的阅读,祝您生活愉快。
前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计定稿版

前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】存档编号华北水利水电大学North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power毕业设计题目乘用车悬架系统设计学院机械学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化姓名学号指导教师完成时间 2014.05教务处制独立完成与诚信声明本人郑重声明:所提交的毕业设计(论文)是本人在指导教师的指导下,独立工作所取得的成果并撰写完成的,郑重确认没有剽窃、抄袭等违反学术道德、学术规范的侵权行为。
文中除已经标注引用的内容外,不包含其他人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。
毕业设计(论文)作者签名:指导导师签名:签字日期:签字日期:毕业设计(论文)版权使用授权书本人完全了解华北水利水电大学有关保管、使用毕业设计(论文)的规定。
特授权华北水利水电大学可以将毕业设计(论文)的全部或部分内容公开和编入有关数据库提供检索,并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段复制、保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。
同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交毕业设计(论文)原件或复印件和电子文档(涉密的成果在解密后应遵守此规定)。
毕业设计(论文)作者签名:导师签名:签字日期:签字日期:摘要悬架的主要功能是传递作用在车轮和车身之间的一切力和力矩,缓冲传给车身的冲击载荷,通过减震器衰减由车轮引起的簧上震动,保证汽车行驶的平顺性,保证车轮在路面不平和载荷变化时有理想的运动特征,增强汽车的操纵稳定性,轻便性。
本文首先论述了悬架的分类、优缺点及国内外的研究现状,然后以日产天籁为设计参照,使用传统设计方法(非优化设计)设计计算前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架,涵盖了选定悬架质量分配系数,选定车震频率、偏频比,计算悬架静挠度和动挠度,减震器行程及工作缸内径的选择及螺旋弹簧的直径、工作圈数设计等。
轿车悬架设计—麦弗逊独立悬架文献综述

广西科技大学(筹)毕业设计(论文)附录资料课题名称轿车悬架设计—麦弗逊独立悬架学院汽车与交通学院专业交通运输(汽车电子技术与检测诊断)班级交Y091学号 200900207042姓名周文江指导教师陈坤2013年 1月 6 日目录一、英文原文 (3)二、中文翻译 (9)三、方案论证 (14)一、英文翻译Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles Abstract:The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross- country.So far,four controllable suspensions,that is,body height control,active,semi-active and slow-active suspensions,have been developed.For off-road vehicles,the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness,damping and body height are more appropriate to use.For many years,some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory,and two or more original control method s are integrated as a new control method .Today,for military or civilian off-road vehicles,the R& D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.Key Words:control theory;survey;controllable suspension;off-road vehicleThe suspension system is an important part of the vehicle,which influences riding comfort and handle-stability greatly.Since the first pair of leaf spring was used in carriage,suspension systems were uncontrollable for a long time and named as passive suspension system.A typical passive suspension system consists of springs,dampers and some control arms,which are once invariable designed.But,the roads for vehicle running are various.For the vehicle’s suspension system,different kinds of roads make different inputs.Thus ,different suspension parameters,such as stiffness,damping and body height,should be designed to minimize the impact from ground and the jounce of body.However,it’s impossible that the traditional vehicles with in variable passive suspension system perform well on multifarious roads.For off-road vehicles,the conflict between changeful roads and changeless suspensions is more projecting than road vehicles.Most of off-road vehicles are still using the passive suspension systems and have higher stiffness,damping and body height to overcome the rough road or cross-country.However,these vehicles show worse riding comfort and handle stability than road vehicles on normal roads.For these reasons,the controllable suspension systems should be the best choice for vehicles,especially for the off-road vehicles.1 Categories of Controllable Suspension SystemThe controllable suspension system is a general reference of the non-passive suspension system,the antonym of passive suspension should be active suspension But,in the suspension control,the active suspension is a special type of controllable suspensions.Today,the controllable suspensions can be divided into four categories according to the controlled objects and structures.They are body height control,active,semi-active and slow-active suspensions.The quarter-vehicle vibration models of these different controllable suspension systems are shown inFig.1.1.1 Body Height Control Suspension SystemThe body height control suspension system is the pioneer of controllable suspension systems.The first body height control suspension system was used in CitrOen DS19 launched in 1955 and made in France.It adopts four controllable air springs and can adjust obviously that the active suspension system improves the body height according to run condition and load to guarantee proper wheel travels[1] .This kind of system is the simplest controllable suspension system,usually found in luxurious buses and pickup trucks.A bus equipped with this system can keep the body height unchanging whether it is empty or full.The body height control suspensions are also designed for the pickup truck’s real suspensions,it can keep the body horizontal,whether it links a trailer or not.The main structural difference between the body height control suspension and the passive suspension is that the former has a height control system additionally,which includes body height sensors,height drives and a controller,as shown in Fig.1(a).It aims at controlling the body height only,though the suspension’s stiffness and damping also change in the control process.The inputs mainly include the speed of vehicle and the distance between body and wheel,which are collected by speed and displacement sensors.The proper body height data shall be calculated based on a certain control strategy by the body height control system and output to the executing mechanism.1.2 Active Suspension SystemThe concept of active suspension was presented early in 1954[2].Thompson,in 1960’s,consummated its basic structure and control law and proved that so-called ful1-active suspension system could improve the performances of vehicle effectively.Since 1980’s,the research achievements on active suspension had been put into use. Some testing vehicles were built[3]. The experiment for these vehicles showed obviously that the active suspension system improves vehicle's performance greatly.The active suspension system consists of sensors,controllers and force actuators,as shown in Fig.1(b)[4]. And,for driving force actuators,an additional power is necessary.It adopts the force actuator to replace the customary spring and absorber.The forceactuators can be controlled to produce appropriate forces to support the body,whenever the vehicle runs in any road.The body and wheel sensors are used to measure the accelerations of the body and wheel and provide these data to the controller.The latter processes these data and outputs some instructions to the force actuator according to predefined control strategy which determines the quality of the active suspension system.Although the active suspension system has been presented for more than fifty years,it hasn’t been largely commercialized yet up to now.Of course,the technical and economic reasons coexist.In technology,today’s active suspension systems can work well in low frequency band but not in high frequency,since the force actuators seems too stiff to control[5].Although some active suspension systems can operate well up to 70 Hz[6],they will consume energy very much[7].One of the methods to reduce the power consumption uses springs and dampers in parallel with the actuators.In addition,it also improves the security of the active suspension system.But,as a negative result,the system response will be decreased.In economy,building and operating an active suspension system costs too much.It fatally limits the active suspension systems to be extended.1.3 Semi-active Suspension SystemThe semi-active suspension system was presented later but applied earlier to the vehicles than active suspension system.The controllable suspension system with adjustable stiffness and damping was introduced in early 1970’s.It almost does not consume energy,since the force actuators which need too much energy are eliminated.So,it is called as semiactive or no power active suspension system.The common semiactive suspension systems only control the damping of suspension actively,and some senior semiactive suspension systems also control the stiffness.In fact,a semi-active suspension system is just a passive suspension system with controllable damping and stiffness,as shown in Fig.1 (c).So ,its performances are still not as good as the active suspension system.A famous control model of the semiactive suspension system was so-called Sky-Hook Damping Control proposed by Karnopp in 1973[8].In this model,a supposed inertial damper,called as Sky-Hook damper,is set between a sprung mass and a virtual fixed Sky-Hook.The force of the Sky-Hook damper proportional to the relative speed of the sprung mass to the Sky-Hook can reduce the jounce of the vehicles.For the Sky-Hook and Sky-Hook damper are both inexistence in real vehicles,an controlled adjustable damper is set to replace the passive damper between the sprung mass and unsprung mass in real Sky-Hook model.Theoretically,the damping force should change continuously and in real-time[9],but it is usually hard to be done in real vehicles.A control model for the semi-active suspension systems with discrete adjustable damping and stiffness was proposed by Margolis in 1975[10].Several dampers or springs are paralleled,thus,if one or more of them are shut off,the damping or stiffness of the suspension system will change discretely.For it is easy to achieve,the Margolis model have been used in so me cars.Some semi-active suspension systems are even added the body height control to improve the vehicle performances.This controllable height semi-active suspension system has been used in some luxurious car and SUV recently.Some of them are named as the active suspension by their manufacturer,but they are still different from the real active suspension.1.4 Slow-active Suspension SystemThe slow-active suspension system is presented later but more remarkably.Its essential structure can be regarded as a series of an active suspension system and a passive suspension system,as shown in Fig.1 (d).As the passive suspension system can isolates high-frequency vibration well,the active suspension system can only isolate low-frequency vibration.The force actuators only work in the low-frequency band,power consumption are reduce evidently.Theoretically,the slow-active suspension system still responds more slowly than the real active suspension system,this is the reason why it is so named[11].Some other names,such as narrow bandwidth active suspension system or limited bandwidth suspension system,are also found.By contrast,the real active suspension system is usually called as full-active suspension system or broad bandwidth active suspension system[12].To improve performances of the slow-active suspension system,the springs and dampers in the system should be controllable.This slow-active suspension system can be regarded as a series of an active suspension and a semi-active suspension.As an unavoidable result,the control system and mechanical structure are more complex.The performances of the slow-active suspension system are almost as goo d as the full-active suspension system,and the power consumption is fairly less.Its prospect will be very wel1.2 Control Methodologies for Controllable Suspension SystemsThe control theories for controllable suspension systems grow along with the development of modem control theory.Recently,the typical control strategies include LQG (linear-quadratic-Gaussian)optimal control,model reference adaptive/self-tuning control,preview control,fuzzy control,neural network control,etc.2.1 LQG Optimal Control Strategy LQGFor the linear vibration model of the active suspension systems,the control attempts to minimize the integrated weight of body vertical acceleration,wheel dynamic load and wheel dynamic travel.The objective function of the control system is quadratic.And the disturbance input from road is a stochastic process that can be deal with as a Gaussian white noise.Thus,the suspension control problem can be regarded as a typical LQG optimal control[13].According to LQG optimal control strategy,the optimal control force Uo can be defined aU。
前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计

存档编号华北水利水电大学North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power 毕业设计题目乘用车悬架系统设计学院机械学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化姓名学号指导教师完成时间 2014.05教务处制独立完成与诚信声明本人郑重声明:所提交的毕业设计(论文)是本人在指导教师的指导下,独立工作所取得的成果并撰写完成的,郑重确认没有剽窃、抄袭等违反学术道德、学术规范的侵权行为。
文中除已经标注引用的内容外,不包含其他人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。
毕业设计(论文)作者签名:指导导师签名:签字日期:签字日期:毕业设计(论文)版权使用授权书本人完全了解华北水利水电大学有关保管、使用毕业设计(论文)的规定。
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同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交毕业设计(论文)原件或复印件和电子文档(涉密的成果在解密后应遵守此规定)。
毕业设计(论文)作者签名:导师签名:签字日期:签字日期:摘要悬架的主要功能是传递作用在车轮和车身之间的一切力和力矩,缓冲传给车身的冲击载荷,通过减震器衰减由车轮引起的簧上震动,保证汽车行驶的平顺性,保证车轮在路面不平和载荷变化时有理想的运动特征,增强汽车的操纵稳定性,轻便性。
本文首先论述了悬架的分类、优缺点及国内外的研究现状,然后以日产天籁为设计参照,使用传统设计方法(非优化设计)设计计算前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架,涵盖了选定悬架质量分配系数,选定车震频率、偏频比,计算悬架静挠度和动挠度,减震器行程及工作缸内径的选择及螺旋弹簧的直径、工作圈数设计等。
本次设计中使用UG软件做出三维模型,再进行装配,装配完成后,将其分别导入ADAMS/car和adams/view中进行仿真分析和动画仿真,得出汽车行驶时的仿真动画、整车车轮前束角、整车车轮外倾角、前轮主销内倾角、前轮主销后倾角、摩擦半径、后轮侧倾中心坐标的相关数据变化。
汽车独立悬架设计说明书(毕业设计)

独立悬架设计说明书摘要本设计主要讲述了悬架的定义和重要性,描述了悬架的作用和功能主要阐述了独立悬架的类别和构造尤其是详细的介绍了麦弗逊式独立悬架的设计过程,本着满足车辆行使平顺性的原则,设计了麦弗逊式独立悬架的各个组成部件,并对其进行了校核。
如螺旋弹簧的设计和计算,横向稳定杆的设计,对导向机构进行了平顺性分析,横摆臂的长度计算和减震器的设计计算等。
轿车悬架是一个较难达到完美要求的汽车总成,这是因为悬架既要满足汽车的舒适性要求,又要满足其操纵稳定性的要求,而这两方面又是互相对立的。
比如,为了取得良好的舒适性,需要大大缓冲汽车的震动,这样弹簧就要设计得软些,但弹簧软了却容易使汽车发生刹车“点头”、加速“抬头”以及左右侧倾严重的不良倾向,不利于汽车的转向,容易导致汽车操纵不稳定等。
怎样处理好这些方面的关系就摆在了我们设计人员的面前。
因此要是能够设计出使这些方面都能达到一个和谐的悬架对越来越多的汽车使用人员来说将会带来极大的好处。
他们将会体会到优秀悬架带给他们的良好的舒适性,和安全的平顺性。
希望本人的设计能够满足大家的要求。
本设计的图纸主要由计算机绘制完成,计算机编档、排版,打印出图及论文。
还完成了一定量的英文翻译工作。
关键词:麦弗逊式独立悬架悬架汽车悬架AbstractThe main design on the suspension of the definition and importance of a suspension described the role and functions primarily on the type of independent suspension and tectonic particularly detailed introduced Maifuxun independent suspension design process, in the spirit of the exercise smoothly vehicles meet the principles of the design of the independent suspension Maifuxun various components, and the degree of their. If screw spring-loaded design and calculation, horizontal designed to guide agencies conducted smoothly and analytical, Wang squatting length calculation and shock absorber design.Training is a perfect car for the car more difficult to achieve fuel, because it is necessary to meet the suspension of vehicle comfort, but also meet the requirements of the stability of its manipulation, and these two aspects are mutually antagonistic. For example, in order to achieve good sexual comfort, require a significant buffer car shock, which is designed spring-loaded soft farther, but the spring-loaded soft but easy to vehicle braking occurred "nod" and accelerate the "rise" and so serious adverse trends, to the detriment of the vehicle to easily lead to vehicle instability manipulation. How to handle the relationship between these areas before our designers have to face the problem .So if these meet the mission to design a harmonious suspension of a growing number of vehicles involved will bring great benefits. They will understand theiroutstanding suspension to the comfort of a good, and safe smoothly. I hope the design can satisfy all requirements.The design drawings completed mainly by computer mapping, computer archiving, typesetting, printing out maps and papers. Also completed a number of English translation work.Keyword:Maifusun type of independent suspension suspension Motor Training1概述1.1 悬架的定义及其重要性悬架是保证车轮与汽车承载之间具有弹性联系并能传递载荷、缓和冲击、衰减振动以及调节汽车行驶中的车身位置等有关装置的综总称。
前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计毕业论文

前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计毕业论文目录摘要...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
Abstract .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
第一章绪论 (1)1.1课设背景及研究意义 (1)1.2国外的研究现状 (1)1.3本文的主要研究容 (3)第二章悬架的结构分析与整体参数设计 (3)2.1悬架系统的简介与分类 (4)2.1.1悬架系统的简介 (4)2.1.2悬架系统的分类 (5)2.2独立悬架的特点 (5)2.3整体参数的设计 (6)2.3.1主要技术指标或主要参数 (6)2.3.2频率的选取与计算 (7)2.3.3悬架系统的静挠度 (7)2.3.4悬架系统的动挠度 (8)2.3.5悬架系统刚度 (8)第三章悬架系统的设计计算 (9)3.1悬架设计的一般要求 (10)3.2减振器选择 (10)3.2.1减震器工作原理 (10)3.2.2阻尼系数的确定 (11)3.2.3最大卸载力 (13)3.2.4减振器的尺寸设计 (14)3.3螺旋弹簧的设计计算 (17)3.4横向稳定杆设计 (21)3.5悬架系统的杆系设计 (24)第四章悬架的三维建模 (25)4.1麦弗逊前悬架的三维建模 (25)4.2后多连杆悬架的三维建模 (28)4.3整车悬架装配图 (31)第五章悬架系统的运动学仿真 (33)5.1基于adams/view的运动仿真 (33)5.2基于adams/car的仿真分析 (34)第六章整车悬架的主动化改造 (42)6.1传统悬架的弊端 (42)6.2电控悬架的优势 (42)6.3电控悬架 (42)6.3.1电控悬架的分类 (42)6.3.2电控悬架系统的组成 (43)6.3.3电控悬架的工作原理 (44)6.4主动化方案 (46)第七章总结与展望 (48)7.1总结 (48)7.2展望 (48)参考文献 (49)致谢.................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
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毕业披廿(论文)奇瑞轿车前麦弗逊悬架设廿可修编・X 11Abstract21绪论31.1课题背景和意义 (3)1.2悬架的发展历史和现状 (4)1.3悬架的发展體势 (5)1.4课题主要容和研究目的 (5)2悬架结构方案分林62.1悬架总成分析 (6)2.2独立悬架优缺点分析 (6)2.3独立悬架特点与分类 (7)2.3.1双横臂式悬架构造及其特征分析 (7)2.3.2单横臂式悬架构造及其特征分析 (7)2.3.3单斜臂式悬架构造及其特征分析 (9)2.3.4麦弗逊式悬架构造及其特征分析 (10)3麦弗遜戏数立悬架atm3.1麦弗逊式独立悬架设计ffliS 113.3麦弗逊悬架的结构分林 (12)3.4悬架的耶性特性设计 (13)3.5悬架挠度£的设计 (13)3.5.1悬架静挠度£的设计 (13)3.5.2悬架动挠度办设计 (14)3.6悬架呷性元件设计 (14)3.6.1螺旋耶簧分林 (14)3.6.2螺旋耶簧地质料及许用应力选取 (15)3.6.3弹簧参数的计算选择 (15)3.6.4计算空载M度 (16)3.6.5计算满载M度 (16)3.6.6按照満载运算弹簧拥丝的直径 (16)3.6.7螺旋耶簧校核 (17)3.6.8 小结 (17)3.7导向机构设计 (18)3.7.1导向机构地设计要求 (18)3.7.2导向机构的布置参数 (19)3.7.3导向机构的受力分林 (22)3.7.4横臂轴线安81方法地选取 (22)3.7.5横瞿臂参数对车轮定位参数地改变 (23)3.7.6导向机构建模 (24)3.8减振器的设计 (24)3.8.1城振器的简单分类 (24)3.8.2双向筒贰液力械振器工作原理 (25)3.8.3相对阻力系数屮 (25)3.8.4城振器阻尼系数6地确定 (26)3.8.5城振器工作缸直径D地确定 (26)3.8.6 小结 (27)3.9横向稳定器 (28)3.10悬架結构元件 (29)4甫轮定位参数304.1主舗后頓角 (30)4.2主细蹶角 (31)4.3前轮外倾角 (33)4.4前轮前束 (34)结東培35辞36参考文It 37ft要悬架为当今汽车组成必不可少得一部分,他完成让车身与轮胎有效的術接地作用。
在力学方面,宅的基本助能就是传递"和力犯,。
通常汽车行走在顛簸的路面时,它可以起到禎小路面对车子的冲击力,从而保证行车人员18逸的行车状态,削城物品和车子之间的动载荷等等。
本次论文做地就是之子小轿车前麦弗逊悬架设计,而泌次设廿的难点要点就是前悬架的里号选择、减振器的数拡计算以及里号选择,而且还需耍对横向稳定杆进行非常多数播的分析及计算。
而且对作图工貝操练的也不是非常熟练。
在查阅了大量书籍,询间老师,借鉴别人的经验,并目完成了不同悬架的考量之后, 我选择用麦弗逊式悬架,接下去就是按部就M的设计it算。
关键词:悬架;麦弗逊式;设计AbstractSuspension is an important element of one of the modern automobile, it flexibly to link the chassis (orbody) and axle (or tires), decay resulting and vehicles reduce their moving load.The main stress is front suspension design, Training emphasis from the former car models,and models Absorber calculations, flexible choice of ponents and models and forms data.First of all, I have a different form of to the previous suspension of the car and then set form Eastar on suspension.but also drawing tools to drill is not very skilled.Then design around Eastar suspension ponents.asked the teacherjearn from others experience. First, the spring-loaded design terms,to be absorber calculation models, a horizontal stabilizer bar final calculation..Keyword : Suspension, Macpherson ,Design可修编・1绪论1.1课題背景和意义从以往数年来看,中国汽车在全世界的術量飞速提升,从02年以来,中国汽车Ilia 到了井喷贰的发展,由于广大人名81众消贾水平的提高,轿车成为生活中必不可少的一部分,泄一情况当然也对国家汽车行业的发展做出了重大贡献。
实际上,不仅国汽车行业发展迅速,于国外也开始占播非常高的地位。
师着国汽车品牌与世界接班,吸收和接纳他人所长,我『]中国人自己的汽车在世界围角量那是惊人的,师夷长技以制夷,秉承逆一原则中国汽车的前景可谓前途无量。
中国汽车行业近些年来开始有计则的进行枝术改革,完善了一套科学、有克争力的零部件技术休系。
在保护坏境的大前提下,枳极响应国家号召,推岀节能坏保的汽车,跟上了时代的脚步。
并冃努力学习和探索国外品牌的长处,不断地完善自己,泄対提升自身品牌有着机其深远的影响。
汽车行业的蜕变离不开党和国家的支持和领导,在我们边向“汽车強国”的路上,国家也的确对汽车行业给予了最大的帮助,主要通过宏观调控,发布一些优惠政策,对行业进行蛮舞与激励。
当然,汽车行业本身也作岀枳极的应对,在国家政策的指引下,对全方面的行业怵系实施转型升级,完成提升自身形象、影响力的成果。
―俩具备有完全独立自主知识产权地汽车,其部的毎一个零件那必须是在生产制造上貝有自主卸识产权的。
尽管现在国有很多自主品牌的汽车,但是其部并不能完全保证所有的零件那是自主品牌的,或乡或少胡会有具他国家的彫子。
炉么为什么如此强调自主品牌呢?原因就是只有一俩貝有完全自主品牌的汽车,才能有真正的畅術市场,并且持久的红火下去。
泄也必将是走向汽车強国的道路。
谈这么多,仍然循其本,以下会j羊细讲述一下关于悬架问题,弹性元件、导向装配、减震器、缓冲块以及横向稳定器等构成悬架。
导向装置可以决定车体的运动方向,转动帽度,并切可以传递绝大多数的力和力矩。
缓冲块地功能就是械弱车轴对车体地碰撞,预航邨性元件发生较大的改变。
横向稳定器地功能则为包管轿车转弯不a o M振器可以,在很大程度上减轻行车人员的不适感。
汽车悬架的重要性不言而瞄,基于此把它作为评判汽车质量的标准之-oft 奔的悬架系统在郊外、山地可以更好地怵现出来它的优势,可以在复杂多变的路面穩定的行躲。
悬架系统还可以升高汽车的过弯能力,很大程度上的缩减了交通事故的产生。
由此观之,悬架对于汽车重要的重要性不言而瞄,朋么它的发展就有了十分重耍的意义,我们承前启后致力于研究更好的悬架。
1.2悬架的发展历史和现状在18世纪70年代,汽车还没有出现,代步工貝就是马车,而那时的悬架就是装在马车上的叶片强簧。
叶片强簧用了整整2个世纪,而后终于发明了螺旋耶簧。
卉许多多地开始涌现。
很具备有跨时代意义的事件产生在1934年,历史上第一f 被动悬架由螺旋耶簧制造而成。
被动悬架其实存在有很大的短处,它不能顾应许多复杂路况,械震的结果也不是很明显,可是它的优势在于性价比比较髙,能应用于一部分中低档骄车中,比如夏利、桑塔纳等。
半主动悬架用来转变悬架的KI尼,很少去改变它得刚度,它的工作原理其实也很简单,它产生力得方式与被动悬架相像,可是它Q有一些主动悬架的特点。
这种属于过渡时期的产物,构架不复杂,同样地宅在工作时可以节省动力,并且快要能够社上主动悬架地助能,它得成长也是可以预期地。
时代地进步,道路交通地持续完善,车主对于车速有更高需求,此时被动悬架地弊处就成掣肘汽车成长地重要间题,于是主动悬架应运而生。
主动悬架是由美国通用汽车公司首次提出的,与被动悬架相比,它有了荒足的进步,可以使汽车在行驶过程中部能保持最佳的运行状态。
M1982年开始,悬架开始得到大围的研发和应用,著名的奔驰、洛特斯、等品牌公司就是朋是的引领者。
他们生产的汽车性能非常好,M使在不平的路面也可以使车辆平稳的前行,而且行车过程中噪音《f,乘坐休验很舒适,但弊端就是成本不菲,消耗也高。
我fl的国家在半主动以及主动悬架地钻研投入地时间,精力都不是很多,导致于和其他的国家地探研相差十分大。
至于壬动悬架虽然被提岀的时间很早,但是受限于各种原因,并没有得到广泛应用。
我们国家钻研主动悬架地地方也就仅是理工和同济大学网。
1.3悬架的发展體势今后的汽车行业的发展主要在于对用户舒适度的提升,而貝有安全、绿色节能的悬架将会是未来发展的重点。
(1)被动悬架是悬架发展地基石,它受限于自身冋题只能在一小部分道路上保证舒适的行车效果。
不il由于它发展早,应用非常广,各方面那比较成熟,性价比很高,所以还是机有使用价值的。
经过电腑把汽车的受力情况分析后获得地数播来JS选,获得最好参数;钻探导向计构,让汽车地安稳能更好。
(2)主动悬架使用太多地元器件,导致悬架得可靠性下降。
解决得方案是对元件进行集成。
还有一f非常彫响主动悬架地因素就是执行器,用电动器件代替掉液压器件,结合理论知识可以得到性价比高,能耗《f的主动悬架。
1.4课题主要容和研究目的1.根掘设计要求的原里和布局的设计,廿算和校核对邨性元件的重要组成部分的可lift,悬架阻尼,缓冲限位挟等。
2.使用空间坐标转换原理及空间刚休运动学原理,把实依模里转化成数字模型。
3.运用ADAMS进行运动分桥。
4.本次设计是为了使我们对汽车具有更好的了解,对将来奠定好基石。
2悬架结构方案分析2.1悬架总成分析悬架助能便是转达轮子以及车IUDI有力与力犯,并减少地面対车休得撞击,保障行车地穩定。
邨行元件、城震装置以及导向计构构成悬架。
三个部分会怵调工作,不分彼此。
轿车悬架则分是非独立及柚立方面。
主耍休现在非独立悬架之间的左,右轮由M性梁联接,而运动会影响运动的而独立悬架却正好相反,它没有泌样地联通,左右车轮各自独立完成工作,如今汽车独立悬架的应用扩大到了世界围。
图2.1悬架图2.2独立悬架优缺点分林独立悬架得布局特性为,左边车轮与右边车轮各自运动,其中不通性梁联同,貝有:1 )簧下质量小;2)悬架占用的空间小;3)耶性元件受到得力较小,能解减小车体震动箱率;4)使用断开式车轴,城攸整体车的质心,让车辆胞起来更加平稳;5)左轮和右轮分别独立运动,有效緘小了身休顺斜,让行车更加平稳; 弊端是:构苣繁预,本钱比较多,修整不容易。