人力资源管理英文论文

页眉内容Managing human resourceIntroductionNowadays, as the stress of the competition become heavier and heavier, people who go to an interview or work in a firm pay more and more attention to the EEO. The EEO is the law of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the first federal law designed to protect most U.S. employees from employment discrimination based upon that employee's (or applicant's) race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Title also established the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to assist in the protection of U.S. employees from discrimination.EEO legislation requires fair treatment for all members of the community and the elimination of discrimination. It means selecting the best person for the job in terms of their job-related skills.EEO includes following aspects: RACE, COLOR, RELIGION, SEX, NATIONAL ORIGINTitle VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, protects applicants and employees from discrimination in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment, on the basis of race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), or national origin. Religious discrimination includes failing to reasonably accommodate an employee’s reli gious practices where the accommodation does not impose undue hardship.DISABILITYTitle I and Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, protect qualified individuals from discrimination on the basis of disability in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment. Disability discrimination includes not making reasonable accommodation to the known physical or mental limitations of an otherwise qualified individual with a disability who is an applicant or employee, barring undue hardship.AGEThe Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended, protectsapplicants and employees 40 years of age or older from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment.SEX (WAGES)In addition to sex discrimination prohibited by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, as amended, the Equal Pay Act of 1963, as amended, prohibits sex discrimination in the payment of wages to women and men performing substantially equal work, in jobs that require equal skill, effort, and responsibility, under similar working conditions, in the same establishment.GENETICSTitle II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 protects applicants and employees from discrimination based on genetic information in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of emplo yment. GINA also restricts employers’ acquisition of genetic information and strictly limits disclosure of genetic information. Genetic information includes information about genetic tests of applicants, employees, or their family members; the manifestation of diseases or disorders in family members (family medical history); and requests for or receipt of genetic services by applicants, employees, or their family members.Along with those five protected classes, more recent statutes have listed other traits as "protected classes," including the following:▪The Age Discrimination Act protected those aged 40 and over, but does not protect those under the age of 40.▪The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 protects individuals who possess, or are thought to possess, a wide range of disabilities, ranging from paraplegia to Down Syndrome to autism. However, it does not force an employer to employ a worker whose disability would create an "undue hardship"onto his business (e.g. a paraplegic cannot work on a construction site, and a blind person cannot be a chauffeur).▪The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 forbids discrimination on the basis of family history and genetic information.▪The Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 forbids discrimination on the grounds of a worker's military history, including any effects that the battlefield might have had on the worker's psyche.▪Twelve states, over one hundred local governments, and the District of Columbia have passed statutes that forbid discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation; also, the Employment Non-Discrimination Act will allegedly make sexuality a protected class, but this bill has yet to pass Congress.All of these Federal laws prohibit covered entities from retaliating against a person who files a charge of discrimination, participates in a discrimination proceeding, or otherwise opposes an unlawful employment practice.EEO in ChinaFace of China's labor market situation of supply exceeding demand in general, more and more problems difficult employment, and employment discrimination, it also will increase. Employing various restrictions dazzling, not only height, age, education standards in the assessment of these inherent been coded, some new restrictions, sex, appearance, origin, or even the name, blood type may be reasons for the refusal of workers were employed.For discrimination, we are here to further analysis to determine the underlying discrimination in employment, is two competing rights: the rights of workers rights and labor units. Discrimination is to determine the respective rights of the boundary of the two judgments is whether these two rights advocates agree with the judge. Generally speaking, the boundary of my rights is the rights of others. However, people's rights are often in conflict. Cutting right to the conflict, I think no more than two levels from this to consider: First, to see who has a legal basis for the claim; if you have a legal basis then see who has the legal basis for greater effectiveness. The second is to see whomade certain concessions to the loss of smaller, or the right to support who can make a greater number of total social welfare, that there is a measure of interest issues. From this point of view, if a business, an industry, a city not easily improve the level of labor standards will bring their own how much interest, but how many people may not develop immediately, then it can be considered discrimination .Discrimination and fairness is the concept of symmetry. Prejudice to the fair is discrimination. There should be opportunities for fair and equitable. Determine whether discrimination should be regarded as opportunities, but not results. Have the opportunity to discrimination should not be said. Now the conflict lies in a standard employment often suspended more people the opportunity to cancel. Survival of the fittest, and even superior in the more than excellent, is normal. They do not cancel the opportunity. Equal opportunities, and one body, gender, intelligence and other relatively disadvantaged people, usually in the competition at a disadvantage; if he were eliminated by the other advantages, should not be considered discrimination. However, the value of equal opportunity is: He may be other advantages to compensate for their weaknesses, and thus win.We are not against employment discrimination against specific sectors to maintain special requirements. Such as the requirements of the employees in High-tech enterprises are high-qualified, some trade or employment for women enterprises. The case of the above should be regarded as a "results" instead of as a standard, losers lost in the results: in these industries, the degree of competition but the low degree high; men and women compete a; not compete pretty nice. Have the chance, would also be the case.Discrimination in employment and the employee is not merely between. You companies make their own labor standards, I think it is a kind of discrimination, I also have the right to refuse, go somewhere else. I have a choice. However, if the government comes up with a standard, this standard, all companies are not hiring me the condition of the people, then I had no choice; other companies also did not choose my chance. Therefore, we can say, now the largest discrimination, fear or policy of discrimination. Such discrimination is absolutely not a chance.The reason why unequal employment opportunity appearsAt first, born men and women are different, women born weak, a lot of heavy work commitments to live more by men, such as petroleum, geology, machinery, women difficult to bear; employers believe that women in the completion of the work efficiency and quality not as good as men, many units under the same conditions of remuneration paid to women than men; women's unique physical needs of women not only make your work, but employers should also be according to the national welfare system of compensation; traditional social roles, giving women a wife, mother , the important task of caring for the elderly, which makes the employer also is difficult to wholeheartedly work on the concerns of women. This is often easier to inflict preconceived mind-set, heavily based on the above concerns and prejudice, the employer in the selection of talent is not the first judge a person's abilities. New China is a low level of social and economic development based on up. In the initial stage of industrialization, the state economic and social development focused on the relative concentration of industry and industrial city in the life, health care, provision of public goods and benefits to urban residents on the tilt, for the way of development, at the time socio-economic conditions are right. However, with the further development, this re-development of City Light idea of rural is losing its legitimacy. Early policy making urban and rural development is highly uneven economic development in rural and urban areas showing a trend of scissors. Historical roots of social and economic imbalance of urban and rural residents in other areas of inequality.Equal protection of the legal system of employment is still not perfect. Law as it is the economic base determines the superstructure, but in turn restricts the economic base. Urban and rural residents of our legal rights in the provision of the irrational, imperfect reality of urban and rural residents also contributed to the unequal rights of a specific reason.How to solve the unequal employment opportunityDue to eliminate the unequal employment need for specialized anti-employment discrimination legislation, A concept is anti-employment discrimination in China is "luxury" that economic development, how anti-discrimination efforts. This view iswrong. Anti-discrimination in employment is not hinder economic development, but to promote development.Others believe that employment discrimination will affect the development of enterprises, which is the wrong concept. The core concept of discrimination should not be unreasonable to treat people. If your proposed terms of employment out of the objective needs of enterprises, is not considered discrimination. Such as computer engineer, the key is will the computer, not the men and women, urban residence or other conditions.Establish and improve the protection of the legal system for equal employment of women .Employers to abolish gender inequality in the selection criteria. To change the traditional concept of women themselves, establish their own efforts to change the fate of the idea. The Government further play the leading role of social security .After 20 years of development of market economy, people's desire for equality has deep bone marrow, should be in the "Constitution" in the equal rights given to urban and rural residents, while repealing the law from the provisions on rural-urban inequality. Just modified through the "election law" to achieve the election of urban and rural residents the right to complete equality, which is a lot of progress, but the progress of such legislation is also too small, the magnitude of improvement is too young, with good laws are step, then we need to improve the administration of justice, but also to improve the level of our judicial and law enforcement ranks the quality of law enforcement First, the unemployed should be more training. This can make those popular professional, unskilled workers, unemployed people need to improve skills quickly mastered the skills, skills to enhance their confidence in the interview, so you will have more courage and employer contacts to dispel concerns that they hired you , doing so requires the applicant's toughness and courage. You know, although in the recruitment of companies set the conditions for this or that, but in the face of talent truly useful, they will adjust their employment standards, will be useful to hire the talent.Social relations can also be recommended to go through, sometimes with some of my colleagues may wish, fellow, the old relationship between superiors and other recommendation, which is a normal way. Recommended by a certain relationship, theemployer can you have a more comprehensive understanding of both supply and demand of talent to solve the problem of asymmetric information, also allows personnel to bypass the barriers of discrimination in employment.Of course, in addition to job-seekers their own efforts, countries should also increase the employment discrimination laws and regulations, and to vigorously publicize relevant laws and regulations, so that job seekers can have the weapons to protect themselves, to change their job search process in the weak position, for their legitimate interests.ConclusionUnequal employment opportunity can not be eliminated overnight in short term, but needs the support of all parties. The majority of job seekers not only need to raise awareness of equality, employers also need to change the concept of employers, and government departments should strengthen supervision and management, to truly implement fair employment. Discrimination on the labor market not only seriously violated the principle of fairness, harm the interests of job seekers, but also reduces the efficiency of the allocation of human resources, impact on social stability, which restricts economic development. Employment for job seekers to create a fair environment for building a harmonious society can not be ignored in terms of a link, and the creation of a fair employment environment must rely on the concerted efforts of government and society can be achieved. We should fully mobilize the political, economic, cultural, education, reform the power to protect people's rights and equal employment opportunities, which will effectively promote national economic and social developmentReference1.Louis R. Forbringer and Carol Oeth, "Human Resources at Mercantile Bancorporation, Inc.," Human Resource Management, Summer1998, 177-189.2.Gary Hamel and C.K. 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