故宫导游词-中英文对照
--故宫英文导游词【优秀4篇】

**故宫英文导游词【优秀4篇】(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如总结报告、心得体会、策划方案、合同协议、条据文书、竞聘演讲、心得体会、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as summary reports, insights, planning plans, contract agreements, documentary evidence, competitive speeches, insights, teaching materials, complete essays, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!**故宫英文导游词【优秀4篇】作为一位兢兢业业的旅游从业人员,总不可避免地需要编写导游词,导游词不是以一代百、千篇一律的,它必须是从实际出发,因人、因时而异,有针对性的。
故宫英文导游词(优秀6篇)

故宫英文导游词(优秀6篇)(实用版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文,如工作总结、策划方案、演讲致辞、报告大全、合同协议、条据书信、党团资料、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays for everyone, such as work summary, planning plan, speeches, reports, contracts and agreements, articles and letters, party and group materials, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!故宫英文导游词(优秀6篇)作为一名尽职尽责的导游,有必要进行细致的导游词准备工作,导游词可以加深游客对景点的。
故宫中英文导游词(精选5篇)

故宫中英文导游词(精选5篇)故宫中英文篇1各位朋友,穿过午门,现在我们已经进入故宫。
故宫中这第一进院落就是太和门广场。
首先我们看到是内金水河,它子西向东婉言流过太和门广场,上边有五座汉白玉石桥,就是内金水桥,它们象征五德,即仁、义、礼、智、信,是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。
金水桥下市内金水河,内金水河从紫禁城西北角筒子河涵道引入紫禁城,沿紫禁城内西侧南流,至武英殿东向,经武英殿门前,再东经涵道至太和门前。
又经涵道东出至文渊阁前水池,从文渊阁东出经三座门前石桥,最后流入无门东侧筒子河,全长2100米。
内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道,也是宫中营造用水和灭火的主要水源,同时还起到了分隔空间、点缀景观的作用,使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。
跨过金水桥,这片广场曾经是明代皇帝玉门听政时百官待驾的地方。
何谓“御门听政”呢?这“御门”即指太和门,即前朝的正门,初建于明永乐年间,当时叫奉天门,明嘉靖年间改称皇极门,清顺治年后改称太和门。
“听政”是指听取政事。
明永乐皇帝朱棣迁都北京不到百日,三大殿被大火烧毁,朱棣曾在此御门听政,处理国家朝政。
清朝入关后,清世祖福临的登基典礼、加封多尔衮为叔父摄政王、封吴三桂为平西王等活动都是在太和门举行的。
太和门东庑中间的门叫协和门,西庑中间的门叫熙和门。
太和门、协和门、熙和门加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿称为“六合”。
在太和门两旁还有两道门,分别为昭德门和贞度门。
过了太和门我们就来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场。
太和殿广场几本呈正方形,整个院落平坦宽阔,气势非凡。
中间御路以青石,两侧青砖墁地。
北有太和殿,南为太和殿,东为体仁阁,西为弘义阁,面积约3万平方米,是整座紫禁城面积的1/24。
整个广场可容纳近7万人。
在每年的元旦、冬至以及皇帝登基、大婚、万寿这些重大活动的时候,都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的大朝礼。
大家请看,远处正前方是一片汉白玉雕砌的三层高台基,呈“土”字形,俗称“三台”。
故宫英文导游词北京故宫英文导游词优秀8篇

故宫英文导游词北京故宫英文导游词优秀8篇作为一名旅游从业人员,通常需要用到导游词来辅助讲解,导游词不是以一代百、千篇一律的,它须是从实际出发,因人、因时而异,有针对性的。
那么大家知道正规的导游词是怎么写的`吗?下面是编辑枫为家人们分享的北京故宫英文导游词优秀8篇,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
故宫英文导游词篇一Ladies and Gentlemen:My name is xxx , welcome to the palace museum I am very pleased to be your guide. Before the visiting I’d like to remind you the museum is the fire-control area. Please don’t smoke .The palace museum also known as the Purple Forbidden City,it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China. The construction of the palace started in 1406 in the Ming dynasty. It took 14years to complete. For five centuries, it continued to be the residence of 23 emperors till 1911. .At present, the palace is an elaborate museum that presents the Chinese traditional architecture and court treasures . In 1987, it was listed as apart of world cultural heritage by UNES CONow standing in front of us is the Meridian Gate which is the main entrance for the Former Imperial Palace. It is so named because the emperor considered himself the ‘Son of the Heaven’ and the Palace the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the Meridian line.Beyond the Meridian Gate we can see the Inner Golden Water River. Why did people dig a river channel here? It has two reasons: first, it functions as decoration for the imperial palace; second, it is used for the fire control. The river is spanned by five bridges, which symbolize the five virtues preached by Confucius: benevolence, righteousness, intelligence, and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This layout shows that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of Heaven.Now we have been in the outer court of the palace. At the north end of the courtyard ,one after another, stand the three main halls: the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony.Now let’s visit the Hall of Supreme Harmony first. The Hall of Supreme Harmony , rectangular in shape, 27 meter in height, 2300 square meters in area, is the largest and the most important hall in the palace complex. It is also China’s largest existing wooden structure palace. This hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies, such as the Spring Festival, the emperors birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles. On such coactions, there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the Hall and extending all the way to the Meridian Gate. Just imagine, what a grand sight it was.The hall of the Central Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. Usuallythe emperor rehearsed for ceremonies here.Behind the Central Harmony Hall is the Hall of Preserving Harmony in which banquets and imperials examinations were held here 。
故宫英汉互译导游词3篇(完整版)

故宫英汉互译导游词3篇故宫英汉互译导游词3篇故宫英汉互译导游词范文1:各位游客朋友们:Dear visitors friends:欢迎大家来到故宫,我是你们的导游丫丫。
Wele to the Palae Museum, I am our tour guide, a a.相信大家都知道,故宫又名紫禁城。
它是我国现存最完整的古代建筑。
它总面积是72万左右,也是世界著名的艺术馆,其中很多文物是绝无仅有的国宝。
Believe e all kno, the imperial palae and the Forbidden Cit. It is the most plete existing anient buildings in China. Its total area is about 7201X0, is the orld famous art museum, man ultural relis is a national treasure.这是午门,是宫殿的正门。
它的地位十分重要。
许多重大的仪式都是在这里举行的。
说道午门大家会想到退出午门斩首这句话。
其实纯属误会。
过去,皇上和大臣议政总有意见不同的时候。
在明朝时就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股,可不要小看这竹子,它是一种碗口粗的毛竹,里面还要灌上水银,具说是为了加大杀伤力,几仗下去就能皮开肉绽。
被打的人不死也要终身残疾。
这件恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间,就逐渐变成退出午门斩首了This is the meridian gate, is the main entrane of the palae. It is ver important. Man great eremon are held here.Meridian gate ou ill think of exit the meridian gate beheaded this sentene. It is a misunderstanding. In the past, the emperor and his ministers ounil alas have different opinions. In the Ming dnast an break his ministers to the meridian gate for external use bamboo to be spanked, don t look don uponthis bamboo, it is a kind of bamboo ankou thik, inside irrigation on the merur, even, in order to inrease the damage, several ars an ere ra. Be dozen deathless also ant to permanentl disabled. This horror from the palae to folk, it graduall beame exit the meridian gate beheaded怎么样?先不要激动,前面的美景正等着咱们呢!Don t be exited, first in front of the beautiful sener aiting for us!故宫英汉互译导游词范文2:各位游客朋友们:Dear visitors friends:欢迎大家来到故宫,我是你们的导游丫丫。
故宫导游词中英文3篇(完整版)

故宫导游词中英文3篇故宫导游词中英文3篇故宫导游词中英文范文1:欢迎你来到北京故宫!这里又称紫禁城,是明朝两代的皇宫,为我国现在最大最富贵的古建筑群,面积达15500平方米,房屋9000多间。
故宫四周围有10米高的城墙,墙外四角各有一座华丽奇特的角楼。
Wele ou to Beijing s Forbidden Cit! Also alled the Forbidden Cit, here are to generations of the Ming dnast in the imperial palae, for our ountr is no the largest and most prosperous of anient arhitetural plexes, an area of 15500 square meters, more than 9000 houses. Around the Forbidden Cit has 10 meters high alls, orners of the all have a magnifient strange athtoer.从午门进入紫禁城,然后沿着中轴线依次参观内金水桥,太和门,太和殿,中和殿,乾明宫,交泰殿,坤宁宫,御花园。
参观完御花园,可以通过御花园左侧的门进入东六宫依次参观储秀宫,翎坤宫,永寿宫,咸福宫,长寿宫,太极殿,然后出内右门回到乾明广场,东行进入内左门,可依次参观延禧宫,永和宫,景阳宫,乘乾宫。
参观完东六宫可沿东长庆门,然后再进入皇极门,可以参观皇极殿,宁寿宫,扮戏楼,畅音阁,养性殿,乾隆花园,贞妃井,最后出贞顺门西行出神武门就可以离开故宫了。
From the meridian gate to enter the Forbidden Cit, and then along the entral axis, in turn, to visit the jinshui bridge, the gate, taihe palae, zhonghe palae, Ming palae, tai temple, palae of earthl tranquilit, the imperial garden. Visiting the imperial garden, an pass to the left of the garden door into the east sixth in turn to visit the palae of gathering exellene, i kun palae, YongShou palae, salt fu palae, longevit palae, tai hi temple, and then the right door to dr bright square, east into the inside the left door, an,in turn, to visit the jubilee palae, onghe palae, palae,sunell group b the palae. Visiting the east sixth hangqinggate along the east, and then enter the emperor extremel door, an visit Huangji Palae, tranquilit and palae, ators floor, hang pavilion, temple raises a gender, the qianlong garden, zhen priness ell, finall a zhen shun the est door the reature an leave the palae door.今天我能给你们当导游我感到非常荣幸,我跟着大家一起游览了美丽的北京故宫,高兴的度过了一天。
故宫英文导游词优秀5篇

故宫英文导游词优秀5篇(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如工作总结、计划大全、策划方案、报告大全、心得体会、演讲致辞、条据文书、作文大全、教案资料、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, this store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, plan summaries, planning plans, report summaries, insights, speeches, written documents, essay summaries, lesson plan materials, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different formats and writing methods of sample essays, please stay tuned!故宫英文导游词优秀5篇如果你有志向于成为一位出色的导游或者想要了解到更多的关于各种美景的信息,那么这几篇最全的故宫英文导游词你就不容错过。
故宫英文导游词范文(通用7篇)

故宫英文导游词故宫英文导游词范文(通用7篇)作为一位出色的导游人员,时常要开展导游词准备工作,导游词可以加深游客对景点的`印象,是提升讲解水平的重要工具。
那要怎么写好导游词呢?下面是小编精心整理的故宫英文导游词范文(通用7篇),供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
故宫英文导游词1Ladies and gentlemen, children: Hello, everybody! Welcome to the Imperial Palace. Im glad to be able to serve you today. Im the guide Li Dong, and everyone calls me Xiao Li. The Imperial Palace is the largest royal garden Museum in China. I am very happy to have the opportunity to accompany you to enjoy its beautiful architectural art and spend this wonderful time together.The the Imperial Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing. T oday, it is called the Imperial Palace. It is unique, exquisitely carved, ancient architectural masterpiece in China.Tourists, now we have come to the hall of Taihe. The Imperial Palace is the three main hall of the temple, built in the 5 meter high white marble platform, the platform is surrounded by carved dragon pillars. Approached the Taihe palace, you will find the Queens place of residence, there are dragon, golden dragon throne and Lek powder column.Tourists, we continue to go forward, now come to Zhonghe hall, Zhonghe hall in the temple of Taihe, is one of the three main hall of the Imperial Palace. The hall is a square hall with a single spires. Yellow glazed tiles four corners to save the top, is the place of the royal life.Then go inside is then, Paul hall and hall is located, is the the Imperial Palace Hall three tail. There are things on both sides of the house for the art history museum, on display from the primitive society to the Qing Dynasty six thousand years of Chinese art treasures.It goes to the depth of the Imperial Garden. It covers an area of eleven thousand square meters. It centers on the palace of Qinan. It is the back garden of the emperor.Ladies and gentlemen, our tour of today is about to end. Its a great pleasure to spend this wonderful time with you. If I have any suggestion or request for my tour guide today, please put forward some valuable advice and I will try my best to correct it.I wish you all a good time. Thank you故宫英文导游词2Dear visitors:Hello everyone! Im your guide. My name is Xu Ying, and Ill call me a little bit. Now I will lead you to visit the Imperial Palace and appreciate the cultural heritage of our country.The Imperial Palace is the imperial palace of two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasty in China, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient building group in existence. So we should not throw rubbish or touch things when we visit, so that we can enjoy the the Imperial Palace with a historic atmosphere. (reminding the places that visitors should pay attention to) Entering the gate of the temple of T aihe, it is a magnificent palace that shows in front of you. The largest wooden building in front of the building, it is very striking, that is the temple of Taihe. It is the symbol of the imperial power, and whenever there is a great event, the emperor holds it here. Behind a row of beautiful decoration embarrassing palace and temple, there are. (inaccordance with the order of sightseeing)After swimming the splendid hall of Taihe, we can walk north, and we can feel the breath of life here. All the living things here are first class at that time, and the outdoors in the back of the palace are the Imperial Garden. Its pattern and layout are compact, antique and ornament with flowers and trees. The pavilions, terraces and open halls. It is a good place to be elegant and enjoyable. All along, the east of the Imperial Palace towers and other three towers from afar. Their peculiar shape, and form a perfect exquisite beyond compare, pictures of the surrounding environment.How many working peoples sweaty and wisdom has been condensed by this magnificent project! In fact, the Imperial Palace was successful in December 1987, and since then it has become a tourist attraction of cultural heritage.This is the end of this journey, and I wish you all a good time. Thank you!故宫英文导游词3Hello everyone! I am this tour guide, you can call me Xiao Wang. For a moment, we will go to the famous, and is known as the worlds top five of the first temple of the the Imperial Palace in Beijing.Attention, everyone, if you do not want to let the garbage around the Imperial Palace, then dont litter. Children with children also have to take care of their children.First of all, I would like to give you a brief introduction of its history: the the Imperial Palace in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City. T oday, people call it the Imperial Palace, which means the Imperial Palace in the past, and it is the largest and most complete ancient architecture in the world. The area of theImperial Palace is about 723600 square meters. It is said that there are 9999 rooms in the Imperial Palace. The Imperial Palace palace building is uniform wooden structure, yellow glazed and green Whitehead base and beautiful decoration painting.Come and see the temple. It is 27 meters high and is paved on the ground with brick. The four corners of the roof are shining yellow glazed tiles on the roof, which is solemn and sacred. Is the central and temple placed all the supplies for the buddha. But no one knows, this is only a place where the emperor stopped at the temple of Taihe.Imperial Garden is also beautiful. There are not only green and high pine and cypress in the garden, but also a lot of precious flowers and trees. A famous building with 20 superfluous places. The and named Chunting million century Pavilion Pavilion, the pavilion can be said today to save the most magnificent Pavilion.Today, though we cant visit more beautiful scenery of the Imperial Palace because of the time relationship, we believe you have seen a lot, learned a lot and enjoyed this tour. I wish you a pleasant journey home! Good health! Next time to visit Beijing, please remember to contact Xiao Wang, and then spend a pleasant time with you.故宫英文导游词4Good visitors, everyone! I am honored to be your guide. Today, I will lead you to tour the Imperial Palace together.The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City, is the largest and most complete ancient architectural group in the world. It is incomparable, was founded in 1406 four years Le Yongming, and took fourteen years to complete.The Imperial Palace is called the Forbidden City, it is because the "purple" is the Imperial Palace, the monarch should of coursebe involved with purple words. "No" means was heavily guarded, dont say is the ordinary people, even the emperor summoned officials not official nor secretly into the city, otherwise it will provoke fatal disaster, the Royal is forbidden, so also known as the Forbidden City.Now, in front of us is the temple of Taihe.The temple of Taihe has several entrance and exit. The balustrade on the staircase engraved beautifully.Come to the hall of Taihe, look up, and the hall of Taihe is like a giant giant. Taihe hall is 35 and 05 meters high, with an area of 2377 square meters, with a total of 55 rooms and 72 large columns. It is the tallest building in the Imperial Palace.The temple of Taihe is like the fairy temple in the mythology. It is magnificent and beautiful. It is the place where the emperor held the grand ceremony. Its located in the throne two metres high, dragon column has six Lek powder around the gold throne. Have a different attitude and beautiful shape, and exquisite crane stove Ding front, rear and carved screens. The decoration of the whole hall is splendid and magnificent, and the beauty of the hall of Taihe is exclaimed.Todays trip is here. I hope this trip will bring you joy, thank you.故宫英文导游词5Hello, all of you, welcome to the the Imperial Palace in Beijing. Ill give you a brief introduction to the scenic spots here today.Please follow my footsteps. We are in front of the famous the Imperial Palace Museum. Well, stepped into the gate, a temple - temple we came to the Imperial Palace to the three largest Ting hall, folk known as "jinluandian". It was built in Ming Yongle for eighteen years, in 1420, and in the thirty-four years of the QingDynasty, Kangxi was rebuilt in 1695. How much is the height of the Taihe temple and how much area is it? Yes, its about 35 meters tall, with an area of 2377 square meters, almost 55 classrooms, and 72 columns supporting all the weight. Its the tallest building in the the Imperial Palace. You see! Which was decorated with beautiful decoration, the middle of a throne, the throne is arranged between 6 Panlong Kim, to highlight the status of the emperor overweening. The Jiulong throne is made of gold from the nanmu Carving Dragon, and it is fine.Everyone goes right together, and the front comes to the hall of neutralization. The plane and Temple Square, yellow glazed four cuanjian Ding, can be sent! Do you know that? When the emperor is here, marking the play book offering pro.All of us go along with me, the most prominent in this space is the stone carving of Yunlong. This is the largest stone carving in the the Imperial Palace. The stone length is 16. 57 meters, 3 wide. 07 meters, 1 thick. 7 meters, weighing up to more than 200 tons! You can take a closer look at a look around the stone, engraved with lotus pattern, the lower water Jiang Ya, intermediate carved with nine dragons and foil Cloud State dragon, Yunlong true to life, fine carving.This is the end of todays explanation, and you can visit it by yourself. I want to remind you: notice that anything can never be touched by hand in order to protect the rare relics. Well gather here in 20 minutes. Bye! I wish you all a good time.故宫英文导游词6Dear visitors, we are visiting the Imperial Palace in Beijing. The the Imperial Palace is the palace of the two emperors in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the scenic spots on the list of world heritage sites in China.Look here, this is our destination - the Imperial Palace. Please get off and visit. Look, how magnificent the the Imperial Palace is! It is a grand palace built by 230 thousand migrant workers and military workers after 14 years. It is the earliest palace in the East with 9999 rooms. It is the largest palace group in the world.The area where the palace is located is called imperial city. Its 2500 meters wide. 2700 meters long from north to south, the imperial city by tall and sturdy Chengzhuan brick, surrounded by a door -- door: East Donghua; The Imperial Palace (included in the Beihai, the sea, the South China Sea). The top of the altar and the temple, built by the royal temple and other buildings. Its very spectacular.Miyagi is called the Forbidden City. In the Imperial City, the north and the south are about 960, rice, about 760 meters, and the rectangular plane. The palace is surrounded by brick walls, corners and a beautiful wall is surrounded by open towers. Donghua east gate; West Xihua; North - South Gate - shenwumen. The Meridian Gate built in the city high Jun magnificent, here is the Meridian Gate, the weather is mighty guarded, Ban Zhao place.The Forbidden City, and the extension part roughly in two areas. North Korea is the emperor in his place, have after harmony. The three big hall. Each building in the white marble platform, as can be imagined, how precious ah!The northern part of the whole palace is the Royal Garden - Summer Palace. There are the hall of Chin an in the garden. There are a variety of flowers, green pines and verdant cypresses, Guaidan Fu Li, water beads in the the Imperial Palace is the most warm place. The beautiful scenery of the Imperial Palace is great!I say I cant say it, or please do your own sightseeing.故宫英文导游词7Hello everyone! My name is Shen Lei. Its your tour guide. You can call me Shen guide. First of all, I wish you a pleasant trip. When you get off, please take care of the stairs.Let me introduce the the Imperial Palace to you. The the Imperial Palace in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing. Today it is called the the Imperial Palace, which means the palace of the past. It is the Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle mobilized countless skilled craftsmen, magnificent buildings built in 14 years. The the Imperial Palace covers an area of 720 thousand square meters, with a total of more than 9000 houses. It is the largest and most well preserved ancient imperial palace in the world. The palace along a north-south axis arranged, symmetrical, neat layout. The Imperial Palace is also the 4 door, a Front Gate Meridian Gate, Donghua gate, east gate of Simon Xihua door, the north gate Shenwu gate. In the most notable is the three seat hall: the hall of Supreme Harmony, and hall and Paul hall, I also not described in detail later, you can have a free tour.Around the three main hall, we went to the latter part of the the Imperial Palace, the palace of Heavenly Purity, Thai Temple and the lamps as the center, there are six things on both sides of the East and West six palace palace, is mainly the emperors and empresses lived. And the outer court building magnificent, Neiting very rich flavor of life. Which is used to the emperors palace, the Queens palace in the Ming Dynasty is the palace of earthly tranquility. We walked to the palace of earthly tranquility, behind the Imperial Garden, here is for the emperor and empresses rest, play place, there are towering pine and cypress, precious flowers and exquisite rocks.Well, I introduced here is over, you can visit 17:30, after collection from the east gate of Donghua out of the door. Please dont litter in the park, free writing, I wish you a pleasant journey!。
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故宫导游解说词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------女士们、先生们:今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。
这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆,一般大家都简称它为故宫,顾名思义,就是昔日的皇家宫殿。
自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。
帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。
由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。
故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。
中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。
其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。
紫微垣在三垣的中央,正符合“紫微居中”的说法。
因此,古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。
皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此他们也要模仿天帝,在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居中央,环视天下的帝王气概。
还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。
传说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。
果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。
后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。
帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。
“禁”字的意思就比较明显了,那就是皇宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。
此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史的,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。
故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了14年的时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年的历史。
大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群,为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为,五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩,其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。
而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这些原因,故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。
故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。
四周有高9.9米,号称10米的城墙,墙外一周是52米宽的护城河,俗称筒子河。
城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观的角楼,呈八角形,人称九梁十八柱,七十二条脊。
城四周各设一门,南面的正门是午门,北门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。
故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万,民夫100万人。
所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。
比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。
宫殿内墁地的方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。
宫殿墙壁上所用的红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。
木料则主要来自湖广,江西,山西等省。
由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。
我们眼前的建筑叫午门。
午门是紫禁城的正门,俗称五凤楼。
明代,每年正月十五,午门都要悬灯赐食百官。
到了清代这种活动就取消了。
每年农历十月初一,都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式,清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字,故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。
清代,皇帝举行朝会或大祀,以及元旦,冬至,万寿,大婚等重大节日,都要在这里陈设卤簿,仪仗。
此外,国家凡有征战凯旋时,皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼,如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。
关于“推出午门斩首”的说法,可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。
实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪,有的在午门廷杖,当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。
(进午门后金水桥前)现在我们已经到了故宫里面,在正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。
故宫占地72万多平方米,在这样大的面积上,集各种建筑手法,建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群,不但没有纷杂现象,反而给人以结构严谨,色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉,最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红,这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体,北从钟楼,南至永定门,总长度约8公里,皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。
宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上,其它建筑分东西对称分布。
整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。
故宫分外朝内廷。
现在我们在外朝的最南端正,前面是太和门。
门前有一对青铜狮子,威严,凶悍,成了门前桥头的守卫者,象征着权力与尊严。
皇帝贵为天子,门前的狮子自然最精美,最高大了。
东边立的为雄狮,前爪下有一只幼狮,象征皇权永存,千秋万代。
我们眼前的这条小河,叫金水河,起装饰和防水之用。
河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德:仁、义、礼、智、信。
整条河外观象支弓,中轴线就是箭,这表明皇帝受命于天,代天帝治理国家。
(在太和门前)故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。
由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”,以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿,左右对称,形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。
三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上,殿基高8米,分为三层,每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕,三台中有三层石雕“御路”。
太和殿俗称金銮殿,是故宫最高大的一座建筑物,也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。
乾清门以内为“内廷”,建筑布局也是左右对称。
中部为乾清宫,交泰殿、坤宁宫,是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。
两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所,东、西一所是皇子的住所。
“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。
内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外,河上有白玉石桥,沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆,形似玉带。
故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶,在阳光下金碧辉煌,庄严美观。
故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外,还用了各种手法,使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。
比如殿基的处理,殿顶的形式,吻兽和垂脊兽的数目,彩绘图案的规制等等。
这样,不仅使主要建筑更显得高大,壮观,而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。
民间传说故宫有房9999间半,说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间,地上的皇帝自称“天子”,不敢与其同数,所以就少了半间。
这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。
实际上紫禁城有房9000余间,所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。
文渊阁西头一间,面积虽小,仅能容纳一个楼梯,但它仍是一整间。
文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方,为了照顾布局上的美观,所以把西头一间建造的格外小。
(经过太和门之后)女士们、先生们,前面的大殿叫太和殿,俗称金銮殿,是故宫内最大宫殿。
建筑面积2377平方米,重檐庑殿顶,是殿宇中最高等级,为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。
太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上,由汉白玉雕成,离地8余米,下层台阶21级,中,上层各9级。
太和殿始建于公元1406年,经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏,现在大家看到的是清朝建的。
四个屋檐上各有一排动物,原来是钉子,用来固定瓦片用的,后来换成了神话传说中的动物,据说可以辟邪,而且数量越多,表明建筑越重要。
太和殿上有9个,9是阳之极数,依次为7、5、3、1,平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。
明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基,宣布即位诏书。
元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等,皇帝都要在这里举行仪式,接受文武百官朝贺。
这个广场是太和殿广场,面积达3万平方米。
整个广场无一草一木,空旷宁静,给人以森严肃穆的感觉。
正中为御路,左右地面铺的砖横七竖八,共15层,以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。
周围有一些大缸,是做什么用的呢?在故宫里一共有308个大缸,是用来储水防炎的,缸下可烧炭加温,防止冬天缸水结冰。
为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。
站在下面向前望去:蓝天之下,黄瓦生辉。
层层石台,如同白云,加上香烟缭绕,整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。
举行大典时,殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛,香亭、香炉烧檀香,露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝,殿前两侧香烟缭绕,全场鸦雀无声。
皇帝登上宝座时,鼓乐齐鸣,文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场,仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁,以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。
清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时,年仅3岁,由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。
当大典开始时差,突然鼓乐齐鸣,吓得小皇帝哭闹不止,嚷着要回家去。
载沣急得满头大汗,只好哄着小皇帝说:“别哭,别哭,快完了,快完了!”大臣们认为此话不吉祥,说来也巧,3年后清朝果真就灭亡了,从而结束了我国2000多年的封建统治。
(在太和殿的石台上)这是铜香炉,,是皇帝举行典礼时焚烧檀香用的。
这里一共有18座,代表清朝18个省。
殿外左右安放四个铜缸,象征”金瓯无缺“,作为贮水防火之用。
台基东西两侧各有一只铜制仙鹤和龟,是长寿的象征。
这个由铅铸造成的器具叫嘉量,嘉量是当时量的标准器,表示皇帝公平处事,谁半斤,谁八两,心中自然有数。
对面还有一个石头做成的器具叫做日晷,是古代的测时仪。
皇帝的意思是:量和时的基准都在自己手里。
太和殿正面有12根圆红柱,东西约63米,南北进深约37米,高35米,殿前丹陛三层五出,殿前后有金扉40个,金锁窗16个,整个大殿雕梁画栋,豪华富丽。
殿内中央设有2米高的平台,上面摆放着雕有9条金龙的楠木宝座。
后面有金漆围屏,前面有御案,左右有对称的宝象、角端、仙鹤、香筒等陈列品。
象驮宝瓶,内装五谷,象征太平景象、五谷丰登。
角端是我国古代神话传说中的一种神兽,可“日行一万八千里”,通晓四方语言,只有明君,它才捧书而至,护驾身旁。
太和殿也叫金銮殿,为什么这么叫呢?因殿内为金砖墁地而得名。
金砖墁地平整如镜,光滑细腻,像是洒了一层水,发着幽暗的光。
那么金砖真的含金吗?其实这是一种用特殊方法烧制的砖,工艺考究,复杂,专为皇宫而制,敲起来有金石之声,所以称作“金砖”。
烧这种砖,每一块相当于一石大米的价钱,可见金砖虽不含金,但也确实贵重。
殿内共有72根大主柱,支撑其全部重量,其中6根雕龙金柱,沥粉贴金,围绕着宝座周围。
在殿中央有一藻井,是从古代“天井”和“天窗”形式演变面来,为中国古代建筑的特色之一。
主要设置在“尊贵”的建筑物上,有“神圣”之意。
在藻井中央部位,有一浮雕蟠龙,口衔一球(球为铜胎中空,外涂水银),此球叫轩辕镜,传说是远古时代轩辕黄帝制造的,悬球与藻井蟠龙联在起,构成游龙戏珠的形式,悬于帝王宝座上方,以示中国历代皇帝都是轩辕的子孙,是黄帝正统继承者。