呼吸系统疾病基础知识概述(英文版)
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呼吸系统(英文版) PPT-
The nasopharynx is the fist division, and it is nearest to the nasal cavities. It contains the adenoids, which are masses of lymphatic tissue. The adenoids (also known as the pharyngeal tonsils) are more prominent in children, and if enlarged, they can obstruct air passageways.
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
呼吸系统疾病中英文版培训课件
• 右侧支气管较直陡
• 毛细支气管的平滑肌在5个月前发育较差， 3岁后才发育
• 婴儿支气管缺乏弹力组织，细支气管无软 骨，呼气时受压，影响气体交换
• 粘液腺发育不良，粘膜纤毛运动差，清除 力差
• 婴儿期的呼吸道梗阻主要是粘膜肿胀和分 泌物阻塞
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
以环状软骨下缘为界，分为： • 上呼吸道 • 下呼吸道
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
上 呼 吸 道
lower edge of cricoid cartilage
下 呼 吸 道
Anatomy of Respiratory Tract
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 鼻和鼻窦
• 鼻腔短 • 无鼻毛 • 后鼻道窄 • 粘膜嫩 • 血管丰富 • 鼻泪管短
ARIs
Байду номын сангаас
• 吸吮困难 • 呼吸困难 • 结膜炎 • 鼻窦炎
R=1/r4
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Pharynx and Eustachian Tube 咽和咽鼓管
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Characteristics of Anatomy
➢ The respiratory tract is divided into upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract by the lower edge of cricoid cartilage.
• 毛细支气管的平滑肌在5个月前发育较差， 3岁后才发育
• 婴儿支气管缺乏弹力组织，细支气管无软 骨，呼气时受压，影响气体交换
• 粘液腺发育不良，粘膜纤毛运动差，清除 力差
• 婴儿期的呼吸道梗阻主要是粘膜肿胀和分 泌物阻塞
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
以环状软骨下缘为界，分为： • 上呼吸道 • 下呼吸道
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
上 呼 吸 道
lower edge of cricoid cartilage
下 呼 吸 道
Anatomy of Respiratory Tract
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 鼻和鼻窦
• 鼻腔短 • 无鼻毛 • 后鼻道窄 • 粘膜嫩 • 血管丰富 • 鼻泪管短
ARIs
Байду номын сангаас
• 吸吮困难 • 呼吸困难 • 结膜炎 • 鼻窦炎
R=1/r4
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Pharynx and Eustachian Tube 咽和咽鼓管
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Characteristics of Anatomy
➢ The respiratory tract is divided into upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract by the lower edge of cricoid cartilage.
小儿呼吸系统疾病-中英文
软骨柔软
纤毛运动差
上 叶
下 中叶 叶
上 叶
下 叶
下呼吸道
气管、支气管、 细支气管
特
征
临床表现
易感染易阻塞
狭窄、粘膜嫩、血管丰
富、软骨软、缺弹力组
织、支撑差、粘液分泌 少、气道干燥、纤毛运 动差。左支气管细长， 由气管侧方伸出；右支 气管粗短，为气管延伸
异物易坠入，
致右肺不张或 肺气肿
肺组织
肺泡数量少、弹力纤维 差血管丰富、间质旺盛
血多气少，易 感染易缺氧
breathing
age 新生儿
1mouth-1y
breathing
pulse 120-140 110-130 100-120 80-100
40-45 30-40 25-30 20-25
breathing： pulse 1:3 1:3-4 1:3-4 1:4
病毒感染时周围血白细胞计数多正常或偏低 细菌感染时白细胞总数及中性粒细胞多见增 高，但体弱儿或严重病例可减少
根据病史诊断不难，需与流行性感冒、某 些急性呼吸道传染病：麻疹、百日咳、流行性 脑膜炎等鉴别
General treatment
Etiologic treatment
增强机体抵抗力
体征：
咽部充血 咽弓、软腭、悬雍垂 灰白色小疱疹，1～3mm，红晕 病程约1周，很少有并发症
病原体 好发季节 临床特点
coxsackie A
夏秋季 高热、咽痛、流涎、厌食、呕吐等， 咽充血，咽腭弓、悬雍垂、软腭等处
有2－4mm大小之疱疹，周围有红晕破
溃后形成小溃疡
病程
1周左右
手足口病
发育晚 扁桃体 >1岁开始发育
呼吸系统疾病(英文)页PPT文档
Respiratory Infections
The most frequent infections of childhood: 68/year
Pathogens:viruses,bacterial, other pathogens Host and environmental factors Classification of respiratory infections
Based on anatomy or X-ray manifestation
Bronchopneumonia Lobar or Lobular Pneumonia Interstitial Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Enmei Liu Children’s Hospital, CMU
Case -1
Jack, age four months, is sent at home by his general practitioner because of two days of rapid, laboured breathing and poor feeding. He was born at 27 weeks’ gestation, birth weight 979g and was discharged home at three months of age. On examination he was a fever of 37.4C and a respiratory rate of 60 breaths/min. His chest is hyperinflated with marked intercoatal recession. On auscultation there are generalized fine crackles and wheezes.
呼吸系统介绍作文英文
呼吸系统介绍作文英文英文：The respiratory system is a vital part of the human body, responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. It consists of the nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. When we breathe in, air enters through the nose or mouth and travels down the throat into the trachea, which then branches into the bronchi and eventually reaches the lungs. In the lungs, the oxygen is transferred to the blood, while carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled.The respiratory system also plays a role in producing sound, as air passing through the larynx enables us to speak and produce different vocal sounds. It's amazing how our body can perform such complex functions without us even thinking about it. For example, when I'm running, my breathing becomes faster and deeper to supply my muscles with more oxygen. It's like my body knows exactly what itneeds to do to keep me going.中文：呼吸系统是人体的一个重要部分，负责吸入氧气并排出二氧化碳。
病理学英文课件：呼吸系统疾病
Alveolar sac
Type II alveolar cell
Type I alveolar cell
capillary
Blood–air Barrier
Alveolar septum
病理学—呼 吸
Alveolar pore (Kohn’s pore) macrophage
病理学—呼 吸
Heart failure cell:
Lobule
Alveolus
Acinus
病理学—呼 吸
Trachea
病理Ep学ith—el呼ium 吸
Lamina propria Submucosa
Adventitia
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
病理学—呼 吸
Brush cell Goblet cell basal cell ciliated cell small granular cell
Definition:
Alveolar macrophages containing hemosiderin are seen in cardiac failure.
病理学—呼 吸
The alveolar spaces contain macrophages which show brownish discoloration of their cytoplasm due to the hemosiderin content .
Pathological Change
• From trachea to bronchi and bronchioles
病理学—呼 吸
Diseases of Respiratory System
Type II alveolar cell
Type I alveolar cell
capillary
Blood–air Barrier
Alveolar septum
病理学—呼 吸
Alveolar pore (Kohn’s pore) macrophage
病理学—呼 吸
Heart failure cell:
Lobule
Alveolus
Acinus
病理学—呼 吸
Trachea
病理Ep学ith—el呼ium 吸
Lamina propria Submucosa
Adventitia
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
病理学—呼 吸
Brush cell Goblet cell basal cell ciliated cell small granular cell
Definition:
Alveolar macrophages containing hemosiderin are seen in cardiac failure.
病理学—呼 吸
The alveolar spaces contain macrophages which show brownish discoloration of their cytoplasm due to the hemosiderin content .
Pathological Change
• From trachea to bronchi and bronchioles
病理学—呼 吸
Diseases of Respiratory System
呼吸系统_英文版PPT课件
The Lower Respiratory Tracts Trachea Muscular cartilaginous tract that is a continuation of the larynx; it divides into two main bronchi, each of which ends in a lung, and allows air to pass. The inner membrane of the trachea is covered in tiny hairs called cilia, which catch particles of dust which we can then remove through coughing.
Larynx: This is also known as the voice box as it is where sound is generated.It contains the vocal cords. It also helps protect the trachea by producing a strong cough reflex if any solid objects pass the epiglottis.
Alveoli: Individual hollow cavities contained within alveolar sacs (or ducts). Alveoli have very thin walls which permit the exchange of gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, into which the inspired gases pass. There are approximately 3 million alveoli within an average adult lung.
呼吸系统英文版PPT课件
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
.
1
The respiratory system can be divided into two parts: The upper respiratory tracts:mouth, nose & nasal cavity,pharynx and larynx The lower respiratory tracts:trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli,diaphragm
Bronchioles: Tertiary bronchi continue to divide and become bronchioles, very narrow tubes. There is no cartilage within the bronchioles and they lead to alveolar sacs.
.
2
The Upper Respiratory Tracts
Mouth, nose & nasal cavity: The function of this part of the system is to warm, filter and moisten the incoming air.
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School age
Glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever
Ribovirin
Antivirus drugs
3-5 days
Oseltamivir
Antibiotics
Penicillin SMZ
3-5 days
Sever symptomatic;
Secondary bacteria affection
40-44/min 30/min 24/min 22/min 20/min
Children Respiratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory type
Respiratory type of abdomen Respiratory type of chest abdomen
呼吸系统疾病基础知识概述（英文版）
路漫漫其悠远
少壮不努力，老大徒悲伤
呼吸系统疾病
Respiratory System Disease
湘雅医院儿科 郑湘榕
重点
婴幼儿上感、2种特殊类型上感的特点 支气管肺炎临床表现、重症肺炎特点 支气管肺炎的诊断、治疗 支气管哮喘的临床表现、诊断和治疗
❖In pediatric outpatient, 6o% patients are acute respiratory infections.
Ｖirus： Ｏccupy 90% Ｂacteria： Ｓecondary
Streptococus pyogens Pneumococcu Ｈaemophilus influenzae
Common AURI
In infant and toddler
Local symptom is mild Systemic symptom is severe Complications are common
Examine Method
Ｐhysical examination inspection
➢ Change of respiratory rate ➢ Cyanopathy ➢ Three concave sign
Ａuscultation
急性上呼吸道感染
（AURI）
Acute Upper Respiratory Infection
➢The children’s repertory ability is low. ➢The children’s local immunity is low.
Children Respiratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory rate
Neonate <1year 2-3years 4-7years 8-14years
(肠道病毒感染时可出现皮疹)
Special AURI
Herpangina 疱疹性咽峡
炎
➢ 柯萨奇病毒A组感染 ➢ 夏秋好发 ➢ 高热、咽痛、流涎 ➢ 咽腭弓、软腭处有疱疹
疱疹破溃后可形成溃疡 ➢ 病程 1 周左右
Special AURI
Pharyngoconjunctival
fever 咽结合膜热
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the parenchyma of the lungs
It is caused by microorganisms or noninfectious causes
Manifested by fever,cough, tachypnea , respiratory distress and rales
On anatomic basis
➢ 腺病毒 3，7 型所致 ➢ 春夏发病，可小流行 ➢ 发热、咽炎、结合膜炎 ➢ 咽部充血、结合膜充血，颈部、 耳后淋巴结肿大 ➢ 病程 1~2 周
Infant , toddler
Tympanitis, sinusitis Abscess of pharynx posterior-wall Laryngitis, bronchitis Pneumonia
?
Why children are so susceptible to
acute respiratory infections
anatomic physiological features
➢The children’s respiratory lumens are narrow, blood flow is abundant.
Common AURI
Ｐhysical examination
Congestion of pharyngeal portion, antiadoncus
(咽部充血，扁桃体肿大)
Lymphadenectasis in submaxilla
(有时下颌、淋巴结肿大)
Rash when enterovirus infection
Defபைடு நூலகம்rvesce
Drugs Physics methods
Febril convulsion
Calm Stop convulsion Defervesce
肺炎
Pneumonia
In world,Occupy 1/3-1/4 in the death of children under
5 years of age
Children familiar disease
In china, Occupy more than 1/4 in paediatric ward
The hospitalization number of infant and toddler is 39.5 times
of school age
Definition
❖In pediatric ward, 25% patients are Pneumonia. ❖The first cause of children’s death in China is Pneumonia. ❖Pneumonia is the world's leading cause of death among children. It kills nearly two million children under age five every year.