2019职称英语考试综合类精讲班讲义(4)
2019职称英语考试综合类阅读理解英文及译文：睡眠
2019职称英语考试综合类阅读理解英文及译文：睡眠职称英语考试综合类阅读理解英文及译文：睡眠我们都知道人们每天正常活动的周期是大约7~8小时的睡眠与大约16~17小时的清醒相交替。
而且，一般说来，睡眠通常与黑夜的长短相一致。
我们当前关心的是要改变这个周期能够多简单，并且能够改变到何种水准。
这不但仅是一个简单的学术问题。
例如，在工业上，在需要机器24小时连续工作的自动化操作中，使人们从白天工作变为晚上工作变得越来越重要了。
通常一个人需要五天至一周的时间来适合与常规生活颠倒的睡眠时间和清醒时间，即白天睡觉，晚上工作。
不幸的是，在工业上，工作班次每星期都变换的事经常发生；如一个人第一星期要从午夜12点工作到上午8点，下一个星期从上午点工作到下午休点，第三个星期又从下午休点工作到午夜以继日2点等等。
这就意味着，他刚刚习惯了一种方式又不得不改为另一种。
所以，他的很多工作和休息时间都不能得到效率的利用。
让每一班次都维持较长一段时间，一个月，甚至三个月，这似乎是一种解决方法。
不过，荷兰人邦杰近来的研究结果表明，按照这些体制工作的人在周末会恢复他们通常的睡眠和清醒的习惯。
而这已充足破坏其一周以来培养起来的对夜晚工作的适合性。
惟一真正的解决方法看来是将晚班交给一组在所有周末和假日里都能保持夜间不困永久做晚班的人。
布朗曾做过一个关于上晚班的工人的家庭生活和健康状况的有趣的研究。
她发现在那些早晚班换来换去的人群中，失眠，消化系统紊乱和家庭分裂有较高的发生率，但是在那些永久做晚班的人中这种反常征兆却没有。
SleepWe all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hour’s sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours'wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night, is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five daysto one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a. m. one week, 8 am to 4 pm the next, and 4 pm to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither workingnor sleeping very efficiently.One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and the this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domesticdisruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.。
《综合英语》说课正式版
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Course Objectives 课程目标
1. 课程的性质与地位 2.专业服务对象 3.课程目标
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1. 课程的性质与地位
《综合英语》是应用英语专业必修核心类基 础课程，以培养学生综合语言能力和英语涉 外知识为主要任务，并为后续的专业课学习 作必要的铺垫。
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高中 基础英语
•职业道德观念 •工作作风 •创新意识
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Course Objectives
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Course Content
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Course Application
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Course Evaluation
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Course Features
课程目标 课程内容 课程实施 课程评价 课程特色
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Course Content
关系
• 写：措词造句能力：用词正确、恰当、能写出表达特定意义并合乎
语法的句子、能根据需要变换句型，写出适用的句子、了解并 能使用简单的修辞手段、能正确使用标点符号
• 译：词及短语的翻译能力：能将汉语的词及短语准确地译成英语，
同时，又能将英语的词及短语准确地译成汉语；能正确地理解 并翻译英语中常用的成语、俚语和专业术语。
课程内容
1.课程设计理念 2.课程内容体系 3.课程重点和难点
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1. 课程设计理念
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一根主线 综合能力
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一种理念 语言+技能
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五种能
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2. 课程内容体系
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基础阶段
提升阶段
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2019职称英语综合类阅读精选：Petroleum Geology and Other Scienc
2019职称英语综合类阅读精选：PetroleumGeology and Other SciencPetroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学1. Petroleum geology is the application of geology (thestudy of rocks) to the exploration for and production of oil and gas. Geology itself is firmly based onchemistry,physics,and biology,involving the application of essentially abstract concepts to observed data. In the past these data were basically observation and subjective,but they are now increasingly physical and chemical,and therefore more objective. Geology,in general,and petroleum geology,in particular,still rely on value judgements based on experience and an assessment of validity among the data presented.1、石油地质学是地质学(岩石研究)在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。
地质学本身是以化学、物理和生物学为基础，应用其基本的抽象理论概念来解释观察到的资料。
在过去，这些资料主要凭主观观察获取。
现在借助物理和化学手段，因而更具客观性。
从根本上讲，地质学和石油地质学，仍然特别依赖于基于经验的数值判断和对现有资料的有效性评估。
2019年职称英语考试理工类C级补全短文冲刺试题4
2019年职称英语考试理工类C级补全短文冲刺试题4 How to Jump Queue FuryIf you find yourself waiting in a long queue at anairport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official?Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject. 46. He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage. Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking 47 The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”. If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable. 48Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on. 49But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer. We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay. Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks. One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.50. But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and manytransferred their accounts to the slower bank. Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.答案：46 D 47 C 48 A 49 F 50 B。
2019职称英语综合类阅读精选：Managing In a Global Environment
2019职称英语综合类阅读精选：Managing In aGlobal EnvironmentManaging In a Global Environment 在世界环境中实行管理1.Assume for a moment that you're a manager going to work for a branch of a global organization in a foreign country. You know that your environment will differ from the one at home,but how? What should you be looking for?1、此刻假设你是一位美国经理，你准备到一家世界组织的国外分支机构工作.。
你知道你的环境将与国内的不同，但二者的差异会达到什么水准呢?你理应注意些什么?2.Any manager who finds himself or herself in a foreign country faces new challenges. In this section,we'll look at some of those challenges and offer guidelines for responding. Although our discussion is presented through the eyes of a U.S. manager,our analytical framework could be used by any manager who nas to manager in a foreignenvironment,regardless of national origin.2、任何一位发觉自己处于一个陌生国家的管理者都面临着新的挑战。
在这个节中，我们将考察这些挑战，并对如何做出反应提供一些指导。
2019年职称英语综合类B级词汇选项题精讲13
2019年职称英语综合类B级词汇选项题精讲131. Actors dressed in authentic costumes re-enact the battle.A. faithfulB. royalC. genuineD. sincere解释：authentic：(a) known to be true or genuine 真实的; 真正的：an authentic document, signature, painting 正式文件﹑亲笔签字﹑原作绘画.(b) trustworthy; reliable 可信的; 可靠的： an authentic statement 可靠的陈述2. People who travel by rail still read an immense amount.A. immediateB. enormousC. equalD. moderate解释：immense：extremely large; enormous 巨大的; 广大的3. He demolished my argument in minutes.A. disapprovedB. refutedC. acceptedD. supported解释：(1) demolished：(fig 比喻) to show that an idea or theory is completely wrong：A recent book has demolished this theory;(fig 比喻) destroy (a theory, etc) *, 驳倒（理论等）：Her article brilliantly demolishes his argument. 她的文章精辟地批驳了他的论点.(2) refute： rebut (v.) to prove that sth is wrong Synonym：REBUTto refute an argument / a theory 驳斥一个论点（理论）4. Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife.A. evidenceB. dangerC. caseD. picture解释： hazard：danger; risk 危险; 有危险的事物; 风险：Smoking is a serious health hazard. 吸烟严重危及健康5. Ashley gazed at him, her thoughts in turmoil.A. failureB. doubtC. confusionD. relief解释：turmoil：great disturbance, agitation or confusion 骚动; 混乱; 动乱：The country was in (a) turmoil during the strike.这个国家在罢工期间陷於一片混乱。
2019年职称英语综合类B级阅读材料精选(2)
2019年职称英语综合类B级阅读材料精选(2) Family HistoryIn an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted(吸引) to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by investigating(调查，研究) their own family history. They can try to find(找出) out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast-growing hobby, especially in countries with a fairly(相当) short history, like Australia and the United States.It is one(一方面) thing to spend some time going(探究) through a book on family history and to take the decision(决心) to investigate your own family's past. It is quite(的确) another to carry out(完成) the research work successfully. It is easy to set about(开始做(某事)) it in a disorganized(扰乱,瓦解) way and cause(引起) yourself many problems which could have been avoided(避免) with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are connected(相关系) with a famous character, whether hero or criminal(罪犯), do not let this idea take over(接管) your research. Just treat(当作) it as an interestingpossibility(可能的事). A simple system for(用) collecting and storing your information will be adequate(充足的，适当的) to start with; a more complex(错综复杂的) one may only get in your way(道路). The most important thing, though, is toget(被) started. Who knows what you might(可能) find ?家族史在科技空前发展的时代，当下很多人对回首往事沉迷不已。
2019职称英语综合类C级语法重难点详解：比较级
2019职称英语综合类C级语法重难点详解：比较级(1) 原级比较：as +形容词或副词原级+ as，否定式：not so (或as) +形容词或副词原级+ as注意问题：as…as 之间的形容词或副词是否采用了原级;as…as 之间该用形容词还是副词;用as much as 还是用as many as表示倍数时用下面结构，如3倍：three times as …as…例如：The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.A.three times as much asB.as three times much asC.as three times greater thanD.three times as big as解题思路：B、C违反了上述句型规定，A、D的区别是size(大小/ 尺寸)是与much搭配还是与big搭配，D是对的。
(2) 比较级：more …than…注意：1) 比较形式是否准确，如是否有类似"more better"这样重复比较的错误;2)两者之间是比较级，三者以上是级，看看是"两者"还是"三者或三者以上;3)只有同类的人或物才能比较(可比性);比较不能包括"自己"，常用other表示排除。
例如不能说：He is taller than any students in this class.而应说：He is taller than any other student(s) in this class.4)修饰比较级的词有：much, even, far, by far, still, a lot,a bit 等，例如：John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse (than John did).你能看出下句的问题吗?His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher. ( 他是个公共汽车司机，他的工资要比教师高。
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2019职称英语考试综合类精讲班讲义（4）
1、Mary has blended the ingredients．【频率4次】
A mixed
B made
C cooked
D eaten
2、They agreed to modify their policy．【频率4次】
A clarify
B change
C define
D develop
3、The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September. 【频率6次】
A play
B send
C show
D tell
4、A notably short man，he plays basketball with his staff several times a week. 【频率2次】
A practically
B considerably
C remarkably
D completely
5、The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. 【频率6次】
A take out
B repair
C push in
D dig
6、It is absurd to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow．
A ridiculous
B funny
C odd
D foolish
7、A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water. 【频率3次】
A muddied
B polluted
C mixed
D troubled
8、The room is dim and quiet．
A tiny
B pleasant
C dark
D agreeable
9、The index is the government’s chief gauge of future economic activity. 【频率6次】
A measure
B opinion
C evaluation
D decision
10、It’s prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first．
A workable
B sensible
C possible
D feasible
11、He is renowned for his skill.
A remembered
B praised
C recommended
D well-known
12、You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position．【频率3次】
A maintain
B establish
C acquire
D support
13、She stood there, trembling with fear. 【频率3次】
A jumping
B crying
C swaying
D shaking
14、Medical facilities are being upgraded．【频率3次】
A renewed
B repaired
C improved
D increased。