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考研英语常用同义词辨析必读

考研英语常用同义词辨析必读

最新考研英语常用同义词辨析必读Aabandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon :强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。

desert :着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。

forsake :侧重断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。

也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。

leave :普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机与果。

give up :普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。

ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意。

ability :普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力。

capacity :侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力。

capability :多用于人,指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。

常与of或for连用。

genius :语气最强,指天赋的高度才能与智力。

talent :着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能,但语意比genius 弱。

competence :正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求。

faculty :指特殊的才能或智力。

gift :着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显着本领,常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。

aptitude :多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗示接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。

able, capable, competent这些形容词均含有“有能力的,能干的”之意able :最常用词,多用于褒义,着重指多方面的,经常性的,或潜在性的能力。

考研英语同义替换总结

考研英语同义替换总结
昙花一现a passing fancy
舒适区comfort zone
说不如做walk the walk rather than talk the talk
名片crowning glory
引发多米诺效应triggeradomino effect
名人名言Just as ab. puts it :” ……”
解决办法
1.solution
2.prescription
3.care
沉迷
1.be addicted to
2.be indulged in
巨大的
1.outsized
2.substantial
3.tremendous
著名的
1.prestigious
越来越
1.moreand more
2.increasingly +adj.
3.grow/diminish in +n.
波动/起伏
1.fluctuation
2.ups and downs every relationship has its ups and downs.
成功的
1.high-flying
富有的
1.wealthy
2.deep-pocketed
困难的/有害的
1.adverse
谚语As an old saying goes, …
1.actionsspeak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
2.geniusis nothing but labor and diligence.天才不过是勤奋而已。
3.wherethere is awill, thereis a way.有志者事竟成。

考研英语同义词辨析资料

考研英语同义词辨析资料

考研英语同义词辨析资料
考研英语同义词辨析资料
英语常用同义词辨析 English Synonyms K
keen, acute, sharp, shrewd
这些形容词均有锐利的、敏锐的、机敏的之意。

keen : 多指对复杂艰深的事物或问题有敏锐的.观察和敏捷的理解。

acute : 侧重感觉敏锐,能分辨出一般人难以觉察的细微区别。

sharp : 指人头脑精明、敏锐或机敏。

shrewd : 指有头脑,善于判断分析,精明过人。

keep, retain, reserve, preserve, conserve, withhold
这些动词均有保持,保存之意。

keep : 最常用词,指长时间牢固地保持或保存。

retain : 指继续保持。

reserve : 正式用词,指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保存。

preserve : 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。

conserve : 一般指保存自然资源,保全人的精力、力量等。

withhold : 指扣住不放,暗示有阻碍。

kill, murder, slaughter, massacre, assassinate, execute 这些动词均有杀,杀死之意。

kill : 普通用词,含义广泛,泛指以任何方式使人、动物或植物死亡。

murder : 指谋杀或凶杀。

slaughter : 本义指大批宰杀动物,也指像屠宰牲畜一样一次杀死许多人。

考研英语同义词近义词精华汇总

考研英语同义词近义词精华汇总

abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意。

ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意。

able, capable, competent 这些形容词均含有“有能力的,能干的”之意。

abolish, cancel, repeal 这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意。

about, around, round 这些词均有“在周围、在附近”之意。

above, on, over 这些前置词均含“在……上”之意。

absorb, suck, digest, incorporate 这些动词均有“吸收”之意。

absurd, ridiculous 这两个形容词均含有“荒谬的”之意。

abundant, plentiful, ample 这些形容词均有“充分的、丰富的”之意。

accept, receive, admit, take 这些动词均有“接受、接纳”之意。

accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening 这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。

accompany, conduct, attend, escort 这些动词均有“陪同,伴随”之意。

accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus 这些连接副词均有“因此,所以”之意。

account, report 这两个名词的有“报道,叙述”之意。

accumulate, amass, collect, gather, heap, pile 这些动词均含“积聚,聚集,积累”之意。

accurate, exact, precise, right, true, correct 这些形容词均含“准确的,正确的”之意。

考研英语同义词

考研英语同义词

考研英语同义词考研同义近形词归纳一.名词中同义词、近形词部分归纳1.表示“能力”意思的词语:Ability, capability, competency, faculty, capacity, gift, talent2.表示“目的、目标”意思的词语:Aim, purpose, aim, intent, intention, goal, end3.表示“关系、联系”意思的词语:Ties,bonds,links,connection,association,relations,combination,relat ionship, interrelations, relevance4.表示“差别”意思的词语:Difference, distinction, differentiation5.表示“资本、资金”意思的词语:Capital, fund, money, relief6.表示“个人”意思的词语:Person, people, folks, individuals, man, human being7.表示“意义、含义”意思的词语:Meaning, significance, implication, connotation8.透露表现“局部、成分”意思的词语:Part, element, ingredient, component, factor, segment9.表示“不平等、歧视”意思的词语:Inequality, bias, prejudice, discrimination10.透露表现“对手、撑持者”意思的词语:Opponent, rivals, proponent, advocates11.表示“商品”意思的词语:Commodity, goods12.透露表现“未来”意思的词语:Future, prospect13.表示“理由”意思的词语:Reason, ground, cause14.表示“后代、子孙”意思的词语:Offspring, descendant, posterity, children15.透露表现“弥补”意思的词语:Complement, supplement,append16.表示与“树木”有关的词语:Bush, shrub, jungle17.透露表现“边境”意思的词语:Boundary, border, frontier, verge18.表示“错误”意思的词语:Blunder, error, mistake, fault 19.透露表现“根蒂根基”意思的词语:Basis, foundation, ground20.透露表现“集会”意思的词语:Assembly, conference, congress, seminar, session, summit, symposium, meeting,gathering, party考研英语同义词21.透露表现“地区”意思的词语:Area, district, region, vicinity, zone22.表示“成就”意思的词语:Accomplishment, attainment, achievement, success23.表示“要点、摘要”意思的词语:abstract, digest, outline, summary24.表示“程度”意思的词语:to the degree, to some extent 25.表示“生气”意思的词语:Anger, fury, indignation, resentment, hate, hatred26.表示“痛苦,悲伤”意思的词语:pain, sadness, unhappiness, misery, anguish27.表示“标准”意思的词语:standard, criteria28.字形相似的词:welfare(福利), warfare(战争), farewell(告别)29.字形相似的词:attitude(态度), altitude(海拔,高度), magnitude(数量), multitude(多数), aptitude(天资,天赋), latitude(纬度,地区),gratitude(感谢)30.字形类似的词:convention(风俗,传统), conversion (变革,转换),conviction(坚决的念或见地),conservation (保存,坚持), conversation(扳谈)31.字形相似和近义词:vocation, job, work, profession, occupation, field, career, /vacation, holiday, travel,journey, voyage, trip, excursion32.近义词:pace(步伐), speed(速度,速率), rate (速度,百分比),ratio(比例,比率), rhythm(韵律,节奏)33.近义词:process(进程,过程), procedure(步骤,手续),course(时间的经过)二.常用的动词同义词归纳1.表示“导致”意思的词语:Lead to, bring about, give rise to, givebirth to, contribute to, cause…to, resultin, engender, render, prompt, cause, make, result from(起因于)2.表示“面对、偶遇”意思的词语:Confront, be confronted with, face, be faced with, meet with, encounter.3.表示“集中于”意思的词语:Center on, focus on, concentrate on 4.透露表现“对于、处置惩罚”意思的词语:Deal with, cope with, handle, tackle, manipulate,5.透露表现“消逝”意思的词语:Disappear, vanish, fade, perish6.表示“减少、增加”意思的词语:Diminish, lessen, decrease, drop, reduce, fall, /accumulate, increase, rise,考研英语同义词soar, rocket7.透露表现“依靠、依靠”意思的词语:Rely on(upon), depend on(upon), count on (upon), rest on(upon)8.透露表现“变革”意思的词语:Change, turn, vary/range, alter, transform, shift, convert.9.表示“指控”意思的词语:Charge with, accuse of, sue for, condemn, denounce, prosecute10.表示“克服、战胜”意思的词语:Overcome, conquer, defeat,11.表示“获得、得到”意思的词语:Achieve, obtain, get, accomplish, earn, attain, secure, acquire, gain12.表示“抓住”意思的词语:Catch, seize, capture, catch hold of, grab13.表示“限制”意思的词语:Limit, confine, restrict.14.透露表现“逼迫”意思的词语:compel, constrain, force, oblige。

考研英语热点词汇之近义词

考研英语热点词汇之近义词

考研英语热点词汇之近义词1.完全:absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed, perfect, entire2.好:extraordinary, amazing, miraculous, marvelous, stupendous, excellent, good, well, wonderful, fine, nice, of high quality, pleasing, surprising, agreeable3.小:small, diminutive, puny, little, pocket-sized, petit, minute, tiny4.多:big , enormous, large, gigantic, vast, tremendous, gargantuan, huge, immense, a lot of, lots of, many, much, plenty of, a great deal of, a number of, an amount of, a great many, a good many, many a, scores of, dozens of, a great quantity of5.高兴,快乐:delighted, delightful, pleased, pleasing, charmed, pleasant, cheerful, cheering, merry, happy, gratified, glad, gay, agreeable, friendly, content, satisfied, light-hearted, joyful6.真的:True, truthful, veracious, faithful, accurate, loyal, staunch, genuine, honest, real, trustworthy, constant.7.全,都:all, whole, entire, complete, perfect, total, the whole number of , unbroken , gross二、常见的连接词连接词根据其本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义可分为几类:a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speakingb.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finallyc.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of ... is ...,d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now thate.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequentlyf.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same wayg.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , howeverh.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin withi.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actuallyj.表示让步even though , although , in spite of , however , but , yet三、写作的启、承、转、合常用词语小结1.有关"启"的常用词语(用来引导主题句或跟在主题句的后面,引导第一个扩展句) at first 首先at present 现在;当今currently 现在;最近first 首先;第一first of all 首先firstly 首先2.有关"承"的常用词语(用来承接主题句或第一个扩展句)to start with 首先;第一after 此后after a few days 几天之后after a while 过了一会儿also 并且at any rate 无论如何at the same time 同时(用在"转"时,作"可是"解)besides(this) 此外3.有关"转"的常用词语(用来表示不同或相反的语气)after all 毕竟all the same 虽然;但是anyway 无论如何at the same time 可是(表轻微转折)but 但是conversely 相反地despite 尽管,虽然4.有关"合"的常用词语(用来引导结尾句或最后一个扩展句,表示段落的结束) above all 最重要accordingly 于是as a consequence 因此as a result 结果as has been noted 如前所述及。

考研英语高频近义词辨析

考研英语高频近义词辨析

考研英语高频近义词辨析一、acute, critical, crucial, urgent——严重的,重要的1.acute a. 剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)举例:An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.翻译:食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

2.critical a.意为关键的,表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。

区别:与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指批判性的,分析性的.举例:It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.翻译:为了考好你必须用功学习,否则你会不及格的。

3.crucial a.意为决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的,最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。

举例:Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.翻译:消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

4.urgent a.意为紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的,它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调紧急的状态。

举例:We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.翻译:我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。

二、adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary——调整、改变1.adjust v. 一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理举例:I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.翻译:我调节了空调以保持凉爽。

2.regulate v. 指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,使之准确工作或运行;多含有控制之意。

《考研英语必背常考同义替换词120组》独家内部资料

《考研英语必背常考同义替换词120组》独家内部资料

【橙啦】大学常考同义替换120组(1-60组)靳姝老师1.好处benefit--good/profit/improvement/increase/help2.问题problem--difficulties/challenges3.担心concern--worry/risk/fail to/not4.人们people--public/individuals/commonly wisdom/persons/folk5.重要的important--of importance/significant/essential/vital/crucial/critical/indispensable/big matter/value6.普遍的common--ordinary/general/universal7.传统的stereotype--traditional/conventional/old/unchanged/prevailing view/for a long time/used to do8.有问题的difficult--hard/tough9.理解understand--grasp/catch10.一直all the time--continually/continuously/constantly11.因此as a result--so/as a consequence/consequently12.在...之前before--prior to/first13.开始begin--commence/start/initiate/outset/threshold14.比...更好better--superior/greater15.拥有have--possess/own/be equipped with16.最后in the end--eventually/finally/ultimately17.意识到know--be aware of/be familiar with/realize18.越来越more and more--increasing/growing/mounting19.钱money--fund/resources/rewarding/revenue20.需要need--demand/require/ask21.现在now--at present/at this moment/currently/recently22.经常often--frequently/usually/repeatedly23.很快地quick(ly)--rapid(ly)/prompt(ly)24.合适的right--appropriate/correct/proper/reasonable25.突然的sharp--abrupt/drastic/dramatic26.显示show--demonstrate/reveal/indicate/manifest27.小的small--minor/insignificant/marginal/trivial28.太多too many--much/excessive/disproportionate29.关于about--concerning/involving/relating to/with respect to/with regard to/with reference to/regarding30.著名的famous--well-known/noted/renowned/reputation/Outstanding/eminent/prominent31.贫穷的poor--needy/impoverished/poverty32.好的good--positive/favorable/rosy/promising/excellent33.坏的bad--unfavorable/undesirable/poor/adverse/ill/Harmful34.事情thing--affair/business/matter35.共同的shared--common/collective/joint36.几乎不,很少little--hardly/barely/rarely37.有帮助的,有回报的helpful--beneficial/rewarding38.有希望的hopeful--optimistic39.改变change--vary/alter/shift/switch/modify/transform/turn/convert40.精确的precise--accurate/exact41.恢复revive--refresh/regain/restore42.没有偏见的unbiased--unprejudiced/just/fair43.提高raise--nurture/rear/foster44.增强enhance--improve/promote/facilitate/boost45.下降decline--fall/drop/decrease/slump/recede/regress/depress/reduce/plummet46.增加increase--rise/more/mount/add47.繁荣prosper--thrive/flourish/boom48.阻止prevent--hinder/barrier/hamper/in the way49.产生cause--give rise to/lead to/result in/trigger/bring about/fuel/contribute to/ignite/inspire/motivate50.吸引attract--fascinate/appeal to/compelling51.改变vary--change/alter/transform/modify/reshape/remake/remold52.指控,控告accuse--blame/charge/criticize/sue/condemn/prosecute/denounce53.认为maintain--argue/assert/assume/believe/contend/hold/insist/imagine54.解决address--approach/cope with/handle with/deal with/resolve/solve/settle/tackle55.减少decrease--decline/descend/drop/fall/diminish/reduce/go down56.增加increase--climb/soar/surge/augment/go up57.缓解,减轻relieve--alleviate/moderate/ease/lighten/mitigate58.夸张exaggerate--overstate/overrate/overvalue/overestimate59.承认acknowledge--admit/recognize/confess60.遵守conform--comply/abide/obey/observe61.把...认为成see…as…--view…as…/regard…as…/reckon…as…/elect…as…/count…as…/deem…as…/accept...as.../dismiss...as...62.把...归因于owe…to…--attribute…to/ascribe…to/accredit…to…/put…down to…63.依靠,依赖,取决于depend on…--rely on…/lean on…/count on…/reckon on…/rest on…64.源自,因为originate from…--stem from…/arise from/derive from…/result from…/come from65.大会,会议convention--meeting/conference/summit/congress/assembly66.缺点,不足disadvantage--weakness/shortcoming/defect/flaw/lameness67.优点advantage--merit/virtue/strength/strong point68.环境context--environment/surroundings/circumstance/settings69.重要的crucial--critical/vital/fateful/important/significant/essential70.难以置信的incredible--unbelievable/inconceivable/implausible/fabulous71.客观的objective--impartial/detached/neutral/unbiased/unprejudiced72.怀疑的questionable--doubtful/skeptical/suspicious/incredulous/dubious73.可利用的be available to—be accessible to74.易受伤害的be susceptible to—be vulnerable to75.向...学习take a page from—learn from76.不遵守某人的誓言break one’s promise—dishonor one’s promise77.受到...的限制be limited by—be conditioned by78.源自于derive from—stem from,arise from79.以...为中心focus on—center on/concentrate on80.受到...批评be under fire for—be criticized for81.责备scorn—criticize82.探索explore—probe83.购买buy—purchase84.扩大enlarge—augment85.引导direct—guide86.支付cover—pay for87.同化homogenize—assimilate88.重构reshape—remold89.足够的enough—adequate/sufficient90.没有意识地unconsciously—without realizing91.不确定的ambiguous—uncertain92.复杂的complicated—complex93.长期的chronic—durable94.重复的repeated—frequent95.赞成的favorable—acclaimed96.谦虚的unpretentious—modest97.质疑的uncertain—questionable,doubtful,skeptical98.直接的straight up—frank99.机械的mindless—mechanical100.不系统的unsystematic—disorganized101.脆弱的fragile—delicate102.苦涩的bitter—distasteful103.担心的worried—apprehensive104.有希望的hopeful—optimistic105.悲观的gloomy—pessimistic106.容忍的tolerant—indulgent107.愤怒的outraged—indignant/raged/enraged108.残忍的cruel—inhuman109.未来future—prospect110.道路road—track111.好奇心wonder—curiosity112.创新innovation—creative mind113.精准性accuracy—precision114.疯狂的mad—craze115.滋养practice—nurture116.recession后退—depression/regression/stagnation/slide 117.on the cliff处于危险中—be in risk/to be dangerous/on the rock 118.view景色—natural scenes119.drinking,drugs,casual sex不良行为—undesirable behaviors 120.advertising budget广告预算—operational cost。

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最新考研英语高频同义词汇精选讲义1.abandon,give up,desert,quit,forsake,renounce,resign,abdicate[辨析]这组词均表示“放弃”或“抛弃”之意,但各有其不同含义。

give up最为普通,可代替本组内其它词。

abandon强调“完全、永远地遗弃”,尤其指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物。

例如:She abandoned her child.她遗弃了自己的孩子。

desert强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”。

例如:The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.那个士兵叛国助敌。

quit强调“突然或不意地弃去”,常指“停止”。

例如:She quitted her job,她放弃了自己的工作。

forsake指“遗弃某人以前所爱的人或物”,强调“断绝情感上的依恋”,还含有“革除恶习”之意。

例如:She pleaded with her husband not to forsake her.她恳求丈夫不要抛弃她。

He had to forsake his car to pay his debt.他只得割爱自己的小汽车以偿还债务。

You must forsake your bad habit of smoking.你必须革除吸烟恶习。

renounce放弃,尤指通过正式声明放弃。

例如:Galileo arrived in Rome more dead than alive.His.trial lasted six months.Finally he was compelled to renounce his belief.伽利略回到罗马时已奄奄一息了,对他的审判持续了六个月之久,最后他被迫宣布放弃自己的信仰。

He renounced his claim to the property.他宣布正式放弃财产所有权。

resign意为“辞去,放弃”,指辞去某一职位,尤指通过正式通知,放弃某一特权、权利、要求、希望等,暗示不抵抗的屈服或默认,由毫无希望而产生的。

例如:He was forced by the scandal to resign the office to which he had been elected.他因丑闻而被迫辞去他已当选的职务。

abdicate指“放弃王位,(国王等)退位,辞官,辞职”;文学用语,指“放弃权利、责任”等。

例如:When King George abdicated,his brother succeeded him On the throne.国王乔治退位时,其弟继承王位。

to abdicate one's responsibilities放弃责任2.ability,capability,capacity,competence,faculty,talent,skill,aptitude[辨析]这组名词均表示“能力,才能”,但用法不同。

ability为最普通的用语,包括天生的或习得的能力、才能,后接动词不定式或介词in 或for。

例如:She did the work to the best of her ability.她已尽力去做那件工作了。

We found him work more suited to his abilities.我们为他找到了更容易发挥他才能的工作。

capability意为“天分,潜能”,指一种可能得到发展或应用的才能或能力。

例如:a student of great capabilities一个能力极强的学生capability还表示性能、容量能够被某一特定目的而使用、处理或发展的能力。

例如:nuclear capability核能力capacity指天赋的,如生长、发展或成功的潜力,还含有“容积、体积、生产能力”之意。

例如:a trunk filled to capacity一个装满的箱子factories operating below capacity未满负荷运转的工厂competence指做某事使人满意但并不一定特别出众的能力。

例如:He hired her because of her competence as a secretary.他因她能胜任秘书工作而雇佣她。

faculty指内在的力量或能力。

例如:the faculty of speech演说的能力,口才talent强调天生的才能,尤指在艺术方面。

例如:the young singer is a real talent.那位年轻的歌唱家是个真正的天才。

skill强调由经验而获得或发展的能力。

例如:writing skills写作才能aptitude暗指内在的学习、理解和表演的才能。

例如:Even as a child,he showed an unusual aptitude for mathematics。

甚至孩童时他就显露出非同一般的数学才能。

3.able, capable, competent, qualified[辨析1这组形容词都含有“有能力的’’意思。

able一般指人,表示“现在具有做某事的能力”,有时意味着“高超的能力或技艺”,可作定语,与不定式连用。

例如:He is a marvelously able author.他是一位才华出众的作家。

He was able to get himself accepted by a top law school。

他可以使自己被一所一流法律学校所录取。

capable指人或物均可,表示有“潜在的或能达到一般要求的能力”,常与介词of连用。

例如:He is hardly capable of executing such a difficult task.他几乎不能完成这样艰巨的任务。

Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained flight,and,unlike birds,they can fly at relatively low speed with extreme maneuverability.蝙蝠是唯一能够持续飞行的哺乳动物,与鸟类不同的是,它们飞行速度较低,但极具机动性。

competent指具有“胜任某一工作得条件”,强调对某项工作有足够得技能及其它所需条件。

例如:He is competent,but not a brilliant musician.作为音乐家,他能胜任,但缺乏才华。

qualified意为“做某工作的必需条件、合格的”。

例如:A qualified stenographer is not necessarily a competent secretary.一个合格的速记员未必是个称职的秘书。

qualified还有“有限制的、有保留的”含义。

例如:She gave a qualified agreement.她表示有条件的同意。

4.abolish,extinguish,exterminate,nullify,do away with[辨析]这组动词都含有“废除”或“取消”的意思。

abolish只使用于废除长期存在的风俗、习惯、法律;等,不适用于指物质的东西或人。

例如:Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished.不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。

These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible.这些迷信做法应尽早取消。

extinguish原义为“扑灭诸如火之类的事物”,其借喻意为“用压服性的武力等手段使思想、感情、希望等毁灭”。

例如:Titles to the estate have not been extinguished.财产的所有权尚未失效。

You may extinguish a nation,but not the love of liberty.你可以消灭一个国家,但不能消灭对自由的热爱。

The message extinguished her hopes of Richard’s return.这消息使她盼望理查德回来的希望破灭。

nullify是正式用语,表示对效能、有效性、价值、结论等的废弃或推翻。

例如:He used his broad executive powers to nullify decisions by local governments.他利用他的广泛执行权利取消了地方政府的决定。

do away with也含有“废除,取消;结束”之意,为普通用词。

例如:The long-range goal must be to do away with nuclear weapons altogether.长期目标必须是销毁全部核武器。

5.aboriginal,native[辨析]这两个词都含有“本地的”、“土生土长的”的意思。

native指“出生在本地的”、“本土的”。

native相对于“foreign”或“alien”。

例如:She is a native to Shanghai.她是上海人。

The panda is native to Sichuan in China.熊猫产于中国四川。

aboriginal指已知最早居住在某地区的人或物,或者为探险家、殖民者或入侵者所发现的在那里的人或物,即土著居民、土生动植物。

例如:The Indians are the aboriginal Americans.印第安人是美洲的土著人。

6.absorb,assimilate,take in[辨析]这几个词在比喻用法中均含有“吸收”、“吞并’’的意思。

absorb指“使被吸收者失去其特点,或使其特点不复存在”。

例如:Large nations shouldn’t absorb smaller ones.大国不应当吞并小国。

be absorbed in意为“专心于”。

例如:The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.作家全神贯注地进行写作,忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。

assimilate除含有absorb意思外,还指“将被吸收者变成了吸收者的一部分”。

例如:We should critically assimilate whatever is beneficial in literature and arts from other countries.我们应当批判地吸收别国文学艺术中一切有益的东西。

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