大学英语专业精读分析解析

derivation: altruistic: adj.利他的 altruistically: adv.利他地 altruist: n.爱他主义者 antonym: egoism synonym: selflessness
他的诸多优点之一就是能够真 正地乐于助人.
2. Virtue is a moral conduct , with self - sacrifice as the means of altruism.
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altruism
['æltruɪzəm]
n. 利他；利他主义 Collocation: pure altruism: 纯粹利他主义 ethical altruism: 伦理利他主义 altruism theory: 利他主义理论
例句： 1. Among his gifts is his capacity for true altruism.
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Collocation: bored rigid 极度无聊
Example： The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.
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to the effect that
• meaning • Used to refer to the general sense Examples: or meaning of something written He left a note to the effect that he would or spoken 大意是 not be return. The president made a declaration to the effect that the government would try every means to rescue the hostage To know more to no effect 毫无成效 with effect from 从……开始生效
Lead-in
• 1、what is the writing style of this passage? ( 4 types of writing ) description
• 2、Could you divide the passage into 2 parts? And try to summarize the main idea of each
或曰∶“以德报怨，何如？”
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Biblioteka Baidu
Line 37 “If you returned kindness for injury, and good for evil,” he replied,” what would you return for kindness and what for good? No! Recompense injury and evil with justice! Recompense kindness with kindness, good with good!” 【The initial version】 【原文】 或曰∶“以德报怨，何如？” 子曰：“何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。” Someone said, "What do you say concerning the principle that injury should be recompensed with kindness?" The master said, "With what then will you recompense kindness?" "Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness.“ 2018/10/11
answers to disciples’ inquiry
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Attitude(adj.)
Careless/indifferent contemptible
aspects
materials( gratuties/fees/ food/clothing) Sloth and laziness
Collocation: show no charity for 对……绝不宽容 Example: My mother often tells me that it is a virtue to look upon others with charity.
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charity /'tʃærɪtɪ/
Derivation: adj. charitable
meaning n. kindness and tolerance in judging others 对他人宽容
n. An organization for helping people in need 慈善机构
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Line 33 “What do you say,” asked the disciple,” about the idea that injury should be recompensed by kindness, that one should return good for evil?”
part.
Text structure
• Para 1- 6: Confucius’ attitude towards
materials( gratuties/fees/food/clothing) ,learning and his
disciples
• Para 7-17: Disciples’ influence on Confucius and his
derivation: appraiser
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mediocre
[ˌmi:diˈəukə(r)]
adj. 普通的; 中等的; 平庸的
Collocation: mediocre person:庸人;俗子 mediocre minds:平凡人 merely mediocre:不过尔尔 例句： 1. A mediocre successor and a man not to be feared too greatly. 他不过是一个平平庸庸的继承 人而已,一个不足以大惊小怪 的人物. 2. Sensitive souls were writing mediocre romances. 敏感的人们都在写平淡无奇的 传奇故事.
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the words Confucius said & Analysis of complex sentences
Line 12 Rotten wood cannot be carved, a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel! What is the use of my trying to teach this fellow! You cannot carve anything out of rotten wood nor plaster up wall built up of rubbish. 朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也 【注释】 (1)粪土：腐土、脏土. (2)圬：音wū,抹墙用的抹子.这里指用抹子粉刷墙壁. 译文：腐烂的木头不可以雕刻。用脏土垒砌的墙面不堪 涂抹！
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Line 20 “Hui gives me no assistance. There is nothing that I say in which he does not delight.” 子曰：“回也非助我者也，于吾言无所不说。” 【译文】 孔子说：“颜回不是对我有帮助的人，他对我说的话 没有不心悦诚服的。”
derivation:
mediocrity : 平庸;平凡; 庸人 mediocracy: 平庸主义;庸人统治
synonym: ordinary; medium antonym: extraordinary;extreme
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dogmatic
[dɒgˈmætɪk]
adj. 教条的; 固执己见的; 武断的; derivation: dogmatism :教条主义 adj. 严厉的; 阴沉的; 嶙峋的;
Line 43 “Do not do unto others what you would not have others do unto you.” 己所不欲，勿施于人。 【some other translations】 （1）：Do as you would be done by others. （2）：Do not do to others what you would not want them to do to you. （3）：Do not do to others what you would not like to do. （4）：Treat others as you want to be treated.
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美德是一种以 自我牺牲 作为 利他的手段的道德品质.
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appraise
[ə'preɪz]
appraisal
n. 评价，鉴定，估价
vt. 评价，鉴定；估价
collocation:
benefit appraise 效益评估 appraise oneself 自我评价
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dour
[ˈdauə(r)]
collocation:
dour determination:固执的决定
rather dour:脸色阴沉
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turn out to be: 结果是，原来是，证明是 turn sth. inside out: 把某处翻得乱七八糟 distinguish for: 因…而出名 Distinguish…from…: 辨别，把…与…区分开来 2018/10/11
collocation:
graduation appraisal 毕业鉴定 appraisal feedback 考评反馈
例句： 1. An employer should appraise the ability of his men. 雇主应该鉴定员工的能力. 2. Self-appraisal is never easy. 进行自我评价向来很难。 2018/10/11
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Language points
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rigid /'rɪdʒɪd/
meaning （of rule, methods）very strict and difficult to change （of a person）not willing to change their idea （of an object）stiff and difficult to move or bend derivation: n. rigidity adv. rigidly
Not so strict
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disciples
The inquiries
• 1、(Para 8-11) ? Injury should be recompensed by kindness, that one should return good for evil?
• 2、(para 12-13)? altruism
4 by no means
• Meaning • not at all 当然不行；绝不是 Examples: It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. By no means can you smoke here.
To know more: by all means 可以；没问题. —Can I sit here？ — Yes, by all means． 一定要；务必。 Come to the party by all means．
Confucius
the Philosopher
1
Text structure & main idea
2
Language points Analysis of complex sentences & the words Confucius said
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Extension
1
Text structure & main idea