高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义(8)独立主格知识点整理总结(含练习)

2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（8）

独立主格知识点整理总结

独立主格结构是高中语法的难点之一，我之前在语法总结篇提到过，今天我就带大家来见识一下它的庐山真面目。

01 独立主格的概念

独立主格，从名称上看，它首先有个主语（所谓主格），其次它与主句的主语相比，是独立的，也即和主句的主语不同。我们来感受一下这个句子：

Weather permitting, we will hold the sports meetings. （A）

天气允许的话，我们就会举办运动会。

这个句子是一个条件状语从句，还原成从句形式为：

If the weather permits, we will hold the sports meetings. （B）天气允许的话，我们就会举办运动会。

A句中的we a th e r p e rm i t ti n g是一种独立主格结构，B句是它的还原形式。

weather是从句的主语，由于它不是真正意义上的主语，故而叫做逻辑主语。

因为它和主句主语不一样，故而叫独立主格。

02 独立主格的七种形式

除了常见的现在分词、过去分词能充当独立主格结构以外，还有其他一些短语结构可以用作独立主格，主要包括以下形式：

名词/代词+doing

Weather permitting, we will hold the sports meeting.

名词/代词+done

All things considered, he finally chose to give up the competition.

名词/代词+to do

Here are the first two books, the third one to be sent next Monday.

名词/代词+介词短语

Baby in arms, she stood there looking after the cows.

名词/代词+形容词短语

His face, pale with anger, he stood up and left.

名词/代词+副词短语

Winter over, the trees began to flourish.

名词/代词+名词短语

His first marriage a failure, he became cautious about the second one.

03 独立主格和with复合结构的辨析

独立主格结构前面有时候可以加with/without，形成with复合结构，二者可以互换。

二者的区别在于：独立主格结构较为正式，with较为口语化，且前者在句中位置一般是句首，后者位置比较随意。

此外，with复合结构可以做定语，独立主格不可以；除此之外二者都做状语（时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随）。

04 独立主格结构和分词作状语辨析

分词作状语时，分词短语和主句的主语是同一个，以此来判断主谓关系。

独立主格和with复合结构中有独立的逻辑主语。

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练一练

1. Mercedes-Benz tried dividing the labor，each worker a separate task.

A.assigning

B.assigned

C.was assigned

D.would be assigned

2. With all factors ，we think this educational program may excel all the others in achieving the goal.

A. being considered

B. considering

C. considered

D. are considered

3. There are various kinds of metals，each its own properties.

A. has

B. had

C. to have

D. having

4. no shuttle bus, the employees had to walk home.

A. As there being

B. As there was

C. Being

D. There was

5. , the original English version became easier for us to comprehend.

A. When new words were explained

B. Explaining new words

C. New words explaining

D. Being explained new words

6. , so you can wait a while.

A. The drama being still on

B. The drama still on

C. Being still on the drama

D. A and B

7. , Tom had to ask for two days' leave.

A. Mother being ill

B. Mother ill

C. As mother was ill

D. all the above

8. The old man fell asleep .

A. with the candle burning

B. burning the candle

C. when he burning the candle

D. when burning the candle

9. The beef bad, the children left much of it .

A. tasted, untouched