中英文文献翻译-物流配送中心设施及设备
物流管理中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regionaleconomic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoreticalanalysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of siteselection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point ofconnection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (generaladministrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logisticscompetition.4.4 Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文:区域物流竞争力研究摘要当前，物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势，整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展。
电子商务物流配送外文文献译文及原文
电子商务物流配送外文文献译文及原文Increased competitiveness in all industrial sectors sharpened by globalization and fall of global supply is forcing companies towards optimization of their business processes and new ways of mergers or partnerships with direct results in decreased business costs. With these strategic alliances new management strategies are formed as Clusters, Supply Chain Management (SCM), E-logistics, etc. Some authors are making references that logistic are “worth” 10% to 12% of GDP (Sahay, 2003). According to AMR research (Challenger, 2001), E-logistics has apotential of lowering costs by 10 %. On basics of these two references we can conclude that E-logistics can save our money for as much as 1.2% of GDP. Therefore it is not surprised that in last few years in high effective companies as Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, Xerox, Dell and Benetton Group top management is favorable to Supply Chain and therefore E-logistics (Romano, 2003).There is collection of literature indicating the importance ofclusters and networks not only between firms, but along the value chain and across industries. The networks inherent in these clusters are integral for knowledge generation and diffusion, for technology transfer, for sharing risk and costs, for allowing firms to access new markets and opportunities and, finally, for building comparative advantage in the global market.Porter (Porter, 1990) defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions. He proposed a model that provides conditions that have to be met for a firm to be internationally competitive and successful. This model focuses on four primary conditions which he arranged in a diamond-shaped diagram: factor conditions, demand conditions, structures of firms and rivalry and related and supporting industries. The "Related and Supporting Industries" feature of the diamond denotes the importance of clustering in developing international competitive advantage incorporating two features of a healthy cluster: the presence of vertical support through internationally competitive supplier industries which ensure cost-effective and speedy deliveries; and the presence of horizontal support in internationally competitive related industries to co-ordinate and share activities with and to stimulate local competition.In the article informatization of STLC will be presented through the project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, Standardization and Informatization of business processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster which is performed by Business Informatics Institutein Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. With informatization have logistic compani es’ not just better connectivity with their customers and suppliers but also better performance andfaster responds. To achieve appropriate level of informatization STLC must invest in modern information technologies. One of possiblesolutions is use of internet with his costless policy and in last years high security as the most appropriate communication channel.For all logistic companies it is assumed to control global logistic chain of their customers and therefore are dependent on successful implementation of informatization technologies which leads to decrease of inventory costs, better customer retention, asset management, etc.增加对全球化和全球供应下降削尖所有工业部门的竞争力，迫使他们对优化业务流程和兼并或在降低经营成本的直接成果的伙伴关系的新途径公司。
物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献
物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)设施规划引言设施规划在过去的十年间已经被赋予了全新的意义。
在过去，设施规划一般被认为是一门科学。
而在当今竞争激烈的全球市场，设施规划成为了一种策略。
政府、教育机构和企业已经不再单独相互竞争，现在这些实体或企业将彼此联合为合作企业、组织协会，并最终合成为供应链，将客户纳入到整个供应链过程以保持竞争力。
这些年来设施规划问题一直是一个热门话题。
尽管它已拥有很悠久的历史，但在目前的出版物、会议以及研究中，设施规划仍是最受欢迎的科目之一。
设施规划的处理已经从清单式或者菜单式的方法发展到了高度复杂的数学建模。
在本文中，我们使用了一个实用的设施规划方法，其利用了实证以及同时包含传统和现代概念的分析方法。
值得提及的是，在本文中拥有很广泛的设施规划应用示例。
例如，这本书的内容可以适用于一个新医院,一个装配部门,一个已有的仓库,或者一个机场的行李部的规划。
无论问题是发生在医院、生产工厂、配送中心、机场、零售商店、学校、银行、还是办公室或者这些设施的任何部分；无论是在一个发达国家的现代化设施还是在一个发展中国家的过时设施中，本文给出的材料在进行规划时都非常有用。
重要的是要认识到现代设施规划中将设施当作是一个动态的实体，一个成功的设施规划方案的关键因素是其适应性以及适合全新应用的能力。
设施规划的定义当今的设施规划必须能够帮助组织实现供应链的优越性。
实现供应链的优越性是一个有六个步骤、或者说六个等级的过程。
一如既往，这些步骤与优越性、可见性、协同性、综合性、敏捷性等联系在一起。
当一家公司最大化供应链的各个功能（采购-制造-运输-储存-销售），个体部门（如金融、市场营销、销售、采购、信息技术、研发、生产、分配和人力资源等部门）的目标就是要成为公司最好的部门。
组织的有效性不是重点，每个组织内的元素都需要试图在其个体范围内表现良好。
只有在每个人的环节都实现卓越的绩效之后，他或者她才能开始追求整个供应链的卓越。
物流专用术语中英文翻译
物流基本概念术语1．物品article2．物流logistics3．物流活动logistics activity 4．物流作业logistics operation 5．物流模数logistics modulus 6．物流技术logistics technology 7．物流成本logistics cost8．物流管理logistics management 9．物流中心logistics center10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．物流网络物流信息物流企业物流单证物流联盟供应物流生产物流销售物流回收物流logistics networklogistics informationlogistics enterpriselogistics documentslogistics alliancesupply logisticsproduction logisticsdistribution logisticsreturned logistics物流专用术语21．22．23．24．25．废弃物物流waste material logistics 绿色物流企业物流社会物流军事物流国际物流environmental logisticsinternal logisticsexternal logisticsmilitary logisticsinternational logistics26．27．28．29．30．31．32．33．第三方物流third-part logistics (TPL) 定制物流customized logistics 虚拟物流virtual logistics 增值物流服务value-added logistics service 供应链supply chain 条码bar code 电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI) 有形消耗tangible loss 无形消耗intangible loss物流作业术语1．运输transportation2．联合运输combined transport 3．直达运输through transport 4．中转运输transfer transport5．6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．21．22．23．24．25．26．27．甩挂运输drop and pull transport 集装运输containerized transport 集装箱运输container transport 门到门door-to-door 整箱货full container load (FCL) 拼箱货less than container load (LCL 储存storing 保管storage 物品储存article reserves 库存inventory 经常库存cycle stock 安全库存safety stick 库存周期inventory cycle time 前置期(或提前期) lead time 订货处理周期order cycle time 货垛堆码搬运装卸goods stack stackinghanding/carryingloading and unloading28．29．30．单元装卸unit loading and unloading 包装package/packaging 销售包装定牌包装中性包装运输包装托盘包装sales package packing ofnominated brand neutralpacking transport packagepalletizing31．32．33．34．35．36．37．38．39．40．41．42．43．集装化containerization 散装化containerization 直接换装cross docking 配送distribution 共同配送joint distribution 配送中心distribution center 分拣拣选集货组配sorting orderpicking goodscollectionassembly流通加工distribution processing 冷链cold chain 检验inspection物流技术装备及设施术语1．仓库warehouse2．库房storehouse自动化仓库 automatic warehouse 4 ． 立体仓库 stereoscopicwarehouse 虚拟仓库 保税仓库 出口监管仓库 export supervisedwarehouse 海关监管货物 cargo under customer ' s supervision 冷藏区 chill space 冷冻区 freeze space 控湿储存区 humiditycontrolled space 温度可控区 temperature controlled space 收货区 receiving space 发货区 shipping space 料棚 货场 货架 托盘 叉车 输送机 conveyor 自动导引车 automatic guided vehicle (AGV) 箱式车 集装箱 换算箱 twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU) 特种货物集装箱 specific cargo container 全集装箱船 full container ship 铁路集装箱场railway container yard 公路集装箱中转站 inland container depot集装箱货运站 container freight station (CFS) 集装箱码头 container terminal 国际铁路联运 international through railway transport 国际多式联运 international multimodal transport 大陆桥运输 land bridge transport 班轮运输 liner transport 租船运输shipping by chartering 船务代理 shipping agency 国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent 理货 tally 国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance 报关 customsdeclaration 报关行 customs broker 进出口商品检验 commodityinspection 奖罚物流管理术语1． 物流战略 logistics strategy 3． 4． 5．6．7．8．9． 10．11．12．13． 14． 15． 16． 17． 18． 19．20．21．22． 23． 24． 25． 26．27． 28． 29． 30． 31． 32． 33． 34．35． 36．37． 38．39．40．41．42．virtual warehouse boned warehouse goods shedgoods yardgoods shelf pallet fork lift truck box car container2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 7． 8．9． 10． 11． 12． 13． 14． 物流战略管理 logistics strategy management 仓库管理 warehouse management 仓库布局warehouse layout 库存控制 inventory control经济订货批量 定量订货方式 定期订货方式 ABC 分类管理 电子订货系统economic order quantity (EOQ) fixed-quantity system (FQS) fixed-quantity system (FIS) ABC classificationElectronic order system (EOS) 15． 16． 17．18． 19． 20．21． 22． 23． 24． 准时制 just in time (JIT) 准时制物流 just-in-time logistics 零库存技术 zero-inventory logistics 物流成本管理 物料需要计划 制造资源计划 配送需要计划 配送资源计划 物流资源计划 企业资源计划 logistics cost control material requirements planning (MRP) manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) distribution requirements planning (DRP) distribution resource planning (DRP II) logistics resource planning (LRP) enterprise resource planning (ERP) 25． 26． 27． 供应链管理 supply chain management (SCM) 快速反映 Quick response (QR) 有效客户反映 efficient customer response(ECR) 连续库存补充计划 continuous replenishment program (CRP) 计算机付诸订货系统 computer assisted ordering (CAO) 供应商管理库存 vendor managed inventory (VMI) 业务外包 outsourcing 度量单位汇总克 Gram g. 公斤 公担 公吨 Kilogram Kg. Quintal q. Metric ton m.t. 长吨 短吨 英担 美担 Long ton l.t. Short ton Sh.t. Hundredweight Cwt. Hundredweight cwt. 磅 Pound lb. 两(常衡) Ounce oz. 两(金衡) Ounce oz.t 司马担 Picul 米 Metre m. 公里 Kilometre Km. 厘米Centimetre cm.毫米 Milimerte mm.码 Yard Yd. 英尺 Foot Ft. 英寸 Inch In. 平方米 Squaremetre Sq.m. 平方英尺 Square foot Sq.ft. 平方码Square yard Sq.yd. 立方米 Cubic metre Cu.m. 立方英尺 Cubic foot Cu.ft.升 Litre l. 毫升 Millilitre Ml.加仑 Gallon Gal. 蒲式耳 Bushel Bu. 克拉 Carat Car.马力 Horse Power h.p. 千瓦 Kilowatt Kw.Dozen 打 gross 罗( 12 打) drum 桶 In bulk 散装 lot 批 package 件件 Ream 令专有名词汇总export credit export subsidy dumping exchange dumpingspecial preferences bonded warehouse favorablebalance of trade unfavorable balance of trade importquotas free trade zone value of foreign trade value ofinternational trade generalized system of preferences-GSP公吨度 Metric ton unit m.t.u. 表 6 Bag Box coil ：常见英文单位 袋 bale 包 bottle 瓶 箱 carton/ctn 纸盒箱 Case(c/s) 箱、合、套 圈 Container 集装箱 Crate 板条箱pallet 托盘 Pieces/pcs roll卷 set 套、台、坐 strand 股 unit 辆、台、 Sheet 张、件 单位 Vial 药瓶出口信贷 出口津贴 商品倾销 外汇倾销 优惠关税 保税仓库 贸易顺差贸易逆差进口配额制自由贸易区对外贸易值国际贸易值普遍优惠制最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 价格术语trade term （price term）运费freight 单价price 码头费wharfage 总值total value 卸货费landing charges 金额amount 关税customs duty 净价net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税port dues 回佣return commission . 装运港port of shipment 折扣discount, allowance 卸货港批发价目的港零售价进口许口证import licence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证export licence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price prevailing price 国际市场价格world （International）Market price 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight 交货delivery 轮船steamship（缩写S.S）装运、装船shipment 租船charter （the chartered ship）交货时间time of delivery 定程租船voyage charter 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter 托运人（一般指出口商）shipper , consignor 收货人consignee 班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter 舱位shipping space 油轮tanker 报关clearance of goodsport of dischargewholesale priceport of destinationretail price陆运收据 cargo receipt 提货 to take delivery of goods 空运提单 airway bill 正本提单 original B\\L 选择港（任意港） optional port 选港费 optional charges 选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers 'account 一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment 一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st. 或 shipment on or before Jan.31st. 一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb. 或 Jan./Feb. shipment 在 （ 时间 ）分两批装船 shipment during ............................................... in two lots在..... （ 时间 ）平均分两批装船 shipment during ... in two equal lots分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments 分三个月， 立即装运 immediate shipments 即期装运 promptshipments 收到信用证后 30 天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable 订单 indent 订货；订购 book; booking 电复 cable reply 实盘 递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm 还盘 counter offer 发盘（发价） offer 发实盘 offer firm 询盘（询价） inquiry;enquiry 指示性价格 price indication 速复 reply immediately 参考价 reference price 习惯做法 交易磋商 不受约束 业务洽谈 限** 复 subject to replysubject to reply reaching here ** time of validity purchase contract sales contract购货确认书 purchase confirmation每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipmentsfirm offerusual practicebusiness negotiationwithout engagementbusiness discussion**限* * 复到有效期限购货合同销售合同销售确认书 sales confirmation 一般交易条件 general terms and conditions 以未售出为准 subject to prior sale 需经卖方确认 subject to seller ' s confirmation需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation INT （ 拍卖 auction ） 寄售 consignment 招标 invitation of tender 投标 submission of tender 一般代理人 agent 总代理人 代理协议 累计佣金 补偿贸易 trade（又叫：往返贸易） counter trade 来料加工 processing on giving materials 来料装配assembling on provided parts 独家经营 / 专营权 exclusive right 独家经营 /包销/代理协议 exclusivity agreement 独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency; exclusive agent 轮船 steamship （缩写 S.S ） 装运、装船 shipment 租船 charter （ the chartered shep ） 交货时间 定程租船 装运期限 定期租船托运人（一般指出口商） shipper,consignor 收货人 consignee regular shipping liner lighter shipping space tanker clearance of goods陆运收据 cargo receipt 提货 to take delivery of goods 空运提单 airway bill 正本提单original B\L 选择港（任意港） optional port 选港费 optional charges 选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers' accountgeneral agent agency agreement accumulative commissioncompensation trade （或抵偿贸易） compensating/compensatorytime of deliveryvoyage charter;time of shipmenttime charter班轮 驳船 舱位 油轮报关一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment 一月底装船shipment not later than Jan.31st. 或shipment on or before Jan.31st. 一/二月份装船shipment during Jan./Feb. 或Jan./Feb. shipment 在（时间）分两批装船Shipment during....in two lots在…（时间）平均分两批装船召shi pment dur in g....i n two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments 分三个月，每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments 立即装运immediate shipments 即期装运prompt shipments 收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable 运费freight 单价price 码头费wharfage 总值total value 卸货费landing charges 金额amount 关税customs duty 净价net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸货港批发价目的港零售价进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price 国际市场价格world （International）Marketprice 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight［此文档可自行编辑修改，如有侵权请告知删除，感谢您的支持，我们会努力把内容做得更好］port of dischargewholesale priceportof destinationretail price。
物流配送系统规划设计外文文献翻译2014年译文3450字
文献出处: Tomas R. The planning and design of the logistics distribution system [J] The Journal of International Logistics, 2014, 15(6): 35-59原文The planning and design of the logistics distribution systemTomas RAbstractAt present, the development of world economy is trend to be globalization and regional integration. Especially under the push of information technology, logistics industry will become more competitive, how they are at a high level of customer service, lower logistics cost and create more value-added services, as well as what operation mode under the new form, is a very urgent and realistic problem. Set logistics, information technology and capital into one of the modern logistics distribution center, logistics distribution system in the increasingly fierce competition plays an important role. Practice proves that the logistics distribution system of goods transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, circulation processing, distribution, order processing and information processing work of unified management, can greatly reduce the work intensity of labor, reduce loss, improve inventory turnover, reasonable control inventory, accelerate the circulation of commodities, reduce the circulation cost, improve the satisfaction of social needs, give consumers more choice, to a virtuous cycle logistics system, so as to reduce costs for the enterprise, the enterprise can improve its core competitiveness.Key words: Logistics system; Distribution center; Planning and design; Operationsmanagement1 Introduction1.1 The basic concept of distributionDistribution is according to the customer order and time plan, the logistics node (warehouses, shops, cargo terminal, logistics center, etc.) after operation, sorting, processing, distribution, as well as to match a good process of the goods to the consignee. Distribution is a kind of special and comprehensive logistics activity form, is combined closely with the business flow and logistics. Distribution includes almost all of the logistics function elements, is an epitome of logistics or in a small range all logistics activities to complete the purpose of the goods delivered, Special delivery to carry on the processing activities. Its targets is safe, accurate and high quality services and lower distribution costs.1.2 Formation and developmentDistribution, so must be mentioned from the connotation and characteristics. Issued at the end of 1985, the Japanese Japanese industrial standard (JIS) logistics term "lieutenant general distribution is defined as:" send consignee goods from logistics point ".Rules in April 1998, wised university professor Dry Repair in his book "the logistics of ABC guide to distribution are discussed in detail:" from the point of origin to the consumer, between all into products, semi-finished products, hair goods and inventory are to be carried out in a planned way, unified management and implementation. Distribution is the cheapest and the best service delivery way, to the most effective professional raw materials, product arrived, the procurement,transportation, warehouse functions organically combined together."1.3 The natureAccording to the customer request, the goods in a timely manner to the customer, to reach the company the possession and control of the market. Distribution is a "match" and "send" in the form of organic combination. “Match" is assigned user, with time, with goods, vehicles and routes. “Send", refers to the delivery transport. Distribution is an advanced form of modern logistics. It not only brings to the suppliers and demanders reduce logistics cost and enjoy the excellent service directly benefit, but also will save social carrier time, ease traffic pressure, reduce the transportation pollution, protect the ecological environment, etc.2 The basic model of distribution system and functionSo-called distribution system, is composed of multiple mutually distinguishes interconnected units, materials for working object, to the flow of finished material entity for the purpose of organic combination. Distribution system as well as general system, input, transformation, output and feedback four big functions, through the input and output system and social environment to carry on the exchange, make system and environmental dependency and deposit, and the conversion is the system with the characteristics of the system function.2.1 Communication and cohesion functionDistribution service provides the bridge between the circulation and production. The organic link between supply and demand together, communicate information, exchange goods, we have to establish a stable base for sourcing and distribution.2.2 concentration, suction functionRely on the distribution center of sensitive and huge information network and powerful "regulator", "pump" the strength of the non-stop from material widely, suction source and centralization reserves, as the strength distribution.2.3 Coordinate and balance functionAccording to the market demand status and situation of prophase stimulation, to dynamic balance into the supply of goods, optimizing the allocation of resources, distribution scheme is determined, in preparation for the points to deliver goods, distribution.2.4 Distribution function of goodsThis is an important business activity distribution center. Varieties of according to customer's order, order time and delivery time requirements, sort sorting distribution, combining with the urban transportation regulations, distribution plan, make the most of the means of transport.2.5 loading and delivery capabilitiesRelying on powerful carrying capacity to "center", will have good quantity, quality, on time delivery of goods households' hands.3 The logistics distribution system planning and design3.1 PrincipleDistribution operation is using delivery vehicles of the user to place an order for goods from the manufacturer, production base, wholesalers, distributors or distribution center, into the hands of the user's work. Vehicle distribution service isdirectly in front of the service users, service quality had a greater influence on the efficiency and credibility of the enterprise. Therefore, in the logistics distribution system planning and design should pay attention to the following principles: Low speed. The so-called timeliness is to be delivered within a specified time. Low reliability. In good shape to have the goods sent to the hands of the user. Low service attitude. Delivery personnel is on behalf of the company's image in the interaction with the user. So we must treat the users with the best service, so as to maintain the company's image and credibility. When convenience. Convenient for users, be sure to delivery according to the requirements of customers. If for emergency delivery should try our best to meet the requirements. Low efficiency. Meet user requirements, not only the quality is better, and the price is reasonable. Through careful operation, reduce cost, cheap to users, allows users to feel real benefit.3.2 Overall planning and designThe real distribution management is very difficult. Distribution management influenced by many factors, such as order processing takes effort, to make the plan of distribution, it is difficult to choose distribution path, delivery efficiency is low, it is difficult to on time delivery, delivery performance evaluation benchmark is unknown, the driver and the working time of uncertainty, fatigue and loss in the process of distribution and damage to the goods, transport vehicles and the refrigerator refrigerator car in good condition, etc. So we must strengthen the planning and design of logistics distribution system. In the process of actual distribution at the same time, also is affected by many uncontrolled factors, such as the distribution of user area,road traffic network, traffic restrictions, delivery time requirements, traffic, vehicle, road construction, the user changes changes, etc. So we must set up a team of planning and design, overall planning and design of logistics distribution system.3.3 The specific planning and designLogistics distribution system planning and design is based on the change of external environment, selecting the best distribution route, combined with the change of internal environment configuration is suitable for vehicle and improve unit cubed out, prevent crisscross transportation, as far as possible reducing distribution error rate, improve circulation and processing, sorting, inspection, packaging, and other functions, to make it in the best working state, and worked out their performance appraisal index, etc. In this paper, we study the logistics distribution system consists of seven subsystems: information collection and processing, distribution plan, choice of distribution, distribution vehicle path planning, distribution, performance analysis, choice of distribution mode, distribution process design.4 Distribution process designDistribution is a comprehensive and integrated logistics. Distribution contains rich content. Look from the link, both contain the transport of goods, as well as harmony goods collection, storage, cargo, picking, fittings and other activities. Some goods distribution activities (e.g., production and distribution), and often accompanied by processing (such as log cutting saw, shear, glass steel suit cut, coal mixed assembly, components, etc.).How to make these activities optimization, efficient and coordinated operation, is our shipping process to consider the content of the planningand design.4.1 The order processing workDistribution began in customer's inquiry, business offer, then receiving orders, business ability to query the inventory status, loading and unloading cargo delivery day, packaging, circulation processing load capacity, load distribution, etc., design to meet customer needs and distribution operations. When business is constrained to delivery according to customer's request, the need to coordinate the business department. Because enterprise is not with the cargo receipt, at the time of order processing, need to check company to the customer credit evaluation. In addition also need to statistics the time the order quantity, shipment to arrange the delivery, distribution, application and quantity. Returns the data processing are also treated in this stage. Other business needs quotation calculation method, formulate customer order minimum quantity, order or order checkout deadline. The economic order batch purchase order or release bill of lading is put forward. On the stock inventory with purchase orders issued after the rush.4.2 Inventory management operationsInventory management assignments include lots of management and inventory control. Store block management including commodity put way in the area of the warehouse, and the size of the area, such as regional distribution planning; The process of making the goods in and out of the way of the warehouse (first in first out and last in first out); Goods required for handling tools, handling way; Storage area of position adjustment and change. Inventory control must be in accordance with thetime needed for goods delivery, warehousing and so on to make a purchase quantity and purchase time, and do purchase time warning system. Setting inventory count method, is responsible for the inventory checking list to print on a regular basis, and according to the content of the inventory listing inventory revised inventory accounts, inventory and produce inventory surplus, dish deficient statements. With lots of management include packaging containers and packaging container takes care of the maintenance.4.3 Replenishment and the homeworkIn order to satisfy the customer different types, different specifications and different number of goods demand, the enterprise must effectively sporting goods, shipment and plans. Statistical customer order can know goods real demand. In the delivery date, when the inventory to meet demand for delivery, can print out the stock picking orders according to the quantity demanded and the picking instructions, picking the regional planning layout, tool selection and staff seconded. Shipment cherry-pick only including cherry-pick homework, also be picked off store shelves, helps the picking out of stock, this includes the replenishment quantity and replenishment time formulation, replenishment job scheduling, replenishment operation staff seconded.4.4 Shipment job processingAfter finish goods cherry-pick and circulation processing operations, can delivery of goods. Shipping operation, including print shipping documents according to customer orders for customers, make shipment scheduling, printing batch deliveryreport, needed to address label on the shipment of goods and delivery checklist. By scheduling personnel decided to focus mode, choose goods set tools, seconded set the operation personnel, and decided to transport vehicle size and number. The warehouse management personnel or managers decided to shipment delivery area planning layout and the mode of delivery of goods.4.5 Distribution operationsActual distribution assignments include goods loading and distribution, complete these assignments require prior planning and distribution Area, arrange delivery routes, determined by the order of distribution routes to choose goods loading order, and in Commodity distribution on the way to track goods, control and deal with the distribution surprises on the way.译文物流配送系统的规划和设计作者：托马斯摘要当前，世界经济的发展呈全球化以及区域一体化趋势。
物流配送英文文献及翻译
物流配送中英文对照英文文献及翻译1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditional manufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobileindustry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, T oyota, General Motors, Volkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the world’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most global OEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization ofdistribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode ofend customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge toa reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gapbetween the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in fact operating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing," which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity isvery low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not be achieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of。
电子商务毕业外文文献(本科)
本科毕业论文外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：Distribution to users from alogistics base shipping method 文献、资料来源:网络文献、资料发表（出版)日期:2012。
7院（部）：商学院专业: 电子商务班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期：外文文献：Distribution to users from a logistics base shipping methodAbstract: Logistics is the company's 'third profit source'，while at the end of the logistics of distribution, logistics and economic efficiency has to improve, optimize，improve the logistics system，improve service, reduce costs and other functions in the logistics system to occupy an important position。
Keywords：Efficient Logistics And Distribution Trends Of The Importance Of Features Distribution of transport and other logistics activities，or constitute a combination of integrated logistics services activities。
Distribution of the 'distribution’ includes the requirements of the order by the user，sorting，picking, loading, storage, handling and other activities, one of the 'free' in the transport process is in the 'secondary transport’, ’Feeder' or 'transport terminal', starting and ending point of the logistics base to the user。
英语作文-现代快递服务行业的智能设备与物联网应用
英语作文-现代快递服务行业的智能设备与物联网应用In recent years, the rapid development of the modern express delivery service industry has been greatly facilitated by the application of intelligent devices and the Internet of Things (IoT). These technological advancements have revolutionized the way packages are tracked, sorted, and delivered, leading to significant improvements in efficiency and customer satisfaction.One of the key contributions of intelligent devices in the express delivery service industry is the introduction of smart sorting machines. These machines utilize advanced technologies such as computer vision, machine learning, and robotics to accurately identify and sort packages based on their destination. With the help of high-resolution cameras and image recognition algorithms, these machines can quickly scan and analyze the labels on packages, ensuring that each parcel is directed to the correct delivery route. This not only reduces the manual labor required for sorting, but also minimizes the chances of misplacement or misdelivery.Furthermore, the integration of IoT in the express delivery service industry has enabled real-time tracking and monitoring of packages throughout the entire delivery process. By equipping packages with IoT-enabled devices, such as GPS trackers or RFID tags, logistics companies can constantly monitor the location, temperature, and condition of each package. This allows them to provide accurate and up-to-date information to customers regarding the whereabouts of their parcels. Moreover, in the event of any unforeseen circumstances, such as delays or damages, the IoT devices can immediately notify both the logistics company and the customer, enabling swift resolution of any issues.In addition to enhancing efficiency and transparency, the use of intelligent devices and IoT in the express delivery service industry has also improved the overall security of package handling. For instance, many delivery companies have implemented facialrecognition systems to verify the identity of delivery personnel, ensuring that only authorized individuals have access to the packages. Moreover, IoT-enabled surveillance cameras and sensors are installed in sorting centers and delivery vehicles, constantly monitoring and recording any suspicious activities. This not only deters potential theft or tampering, but also provides valuable evidence in the event of any security breaches.Furthermore, the application of intelligent devices and IoT has also facilitated the integration of different stakeholders in the express delivery service industry. Through the use of online platforms and mobile applications, customers can easily place orders, track their packages, and provide feedback. Delivery personnel can receive real-time instructions and updates on their handheld devices, optimizing their routes and minimizing delivery time. Logistics companies can efficiently manage their operations, analyze data, and make informed decisions based on the insights provided by IoT devices. This seamless integration of various stakeholders has greatly improved the overall coordination and collaboration within the industry.In conclusion, the modern express delivery service industry has greatly benefited from the application of intelligent devices and IoT. From smart sorting machines to real-time tracking and monitoring systems, these technological advancements have significantly improved efficiency, transparency, security, and coordination within the industry. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect further advancements in the express delivery service industry, ultimately leading to faster, more reliable, and more customer-centric services.。
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物流配送中心设施及设备1 绪论当前世界经济发展的两大趋势是全球化和市场化。
经济腾飞、科技进步和信息革命，将世界经济带入前所未有的全球化和市场化的时代。
集物流、信息流和资金流于一身的物流配送中心，在这全球化和市场化的时代里，又进一步促进了世界经济和贸易的发展。
迈向２１世纪的国际物流技术的特征是信息化、网络化、智能化、柔性化、标准化和社会化。
科学的物流配送是实现电子商务的重要环节。
物流配送中心在物流业中作用极大，加速了商品流通，减少了商品损耗，降低了物流成本，提高了库存周转率，降低了超市连锁系统的采购、验货和入库费用，减少了仓库面积，节约了土地面积、人力和财力，提高了经营灵活性和工作效率。
1.1 工业CT传送装置的研制叶片传送装置是为检测叶片质量好坏的一套高度自动化装置。
该装置以可编程逻辑控制器PLC为控制核心，通过接近开关，及光电传感器检测得到的信号判断叶片托盘的位置，同时将信号反馈到PLC，再由PLC对采集到的信号进行分析判断，按照预先编制好的逻辑程序控制叶片传送带各电动机及液系统协调工作，使叶片托盘按既定程序停靠在指定检测区域。
由于叶片检测所使用射线对人体有害，所以我们采用远程控制的手段，操作房间与检测房间独立设置，使操作人员远离检测区域。
使用触摸屏替代传统的按钮，指示灯组成的操作面板，既方便操作，更改便捷，又方便触摸屏与PLC通讯，只需要一根通讯电缆即可完成对现场各装置的动作控制。
整套系统还使用安装了组态软件的工业控制计算机作为上位机，编制组态动画对现场叶片传送装置的动作进行形象模拟，通过与PLC实时通讯，掌握现场各环节动作情况，编制历史数据库，方便用户对工作量，故障分析等数据的查询。
机械部分则有传感器，传送带，液压三部分构成。
通过机械，电气，上位控制几个系统的协调工作，确保整套系统在要求的工艺下完成检测叶片的任务。
课题使用到了当今比较先进的控制、数据采集、机械制造等环节，。
项目中整合了PLC、触摸屏、组态软件、传感器、机械传送装置的设计、液压控制等机电一体化知识，通过技术手段使之结合到一起，最终实现了系统的协同工作。
通过改造旧有生产线，使用本文所设计的叶片传送装置大大提高了工厂的生产和检测效率，并且伴随着这种高度自动化设备的广泛使用，人力资源得到解放，降低了企业的生产成本。
1.2国内外研究现状目前国际上的自动化传送装置已经发展的极为成熟，在各大知名制造业的流水线上使用的都是各式各样的传送装置。
包括：冶金业，制造业，矿业，IT行业，纺织业等等行业中，传送装置起到了相当巨大的作用。
使用合适的传送装置会大大提高工厂的生产或检测效率，并且伴随着这种高度自动化设备的广泛使用，人力资源得到解放，降低了企业的成本。
国内外各传送装置有着同样的几个共性：(1)都具备一套或几套控制系统。
以控制系统为核心对传送装置进行综合操控，配合高精度机械手臂或自动化机器人或各种检测设备对成品或半成品进行检测或再加工。
(2)都具有一整套的监测传感器。
通过各种传感器，对位移，压力，流量，温度，速度等数据进行检测，将监测到的原始信号变送为可供计算机或控制系统识别的数字或模拟量信号，再将得到的信号交由控制系统或上位机进行分析处理。
(3)都具有传动或动力装置。
如：电动机，油泵等。
随着科学技术的发展，制造精度的提高，各生产厂商制造的控制器，传感器等设备的性能越来越高，传送装置的控制精度，传送效率必将得到进一步提高。
目前上位工控机也广泛使用到了传送装置的控制系统中，利用上位工控机强大的处理能力，可以实现复杂的算法，便于控制动作的可操作性。
利用高级语言编制程序，省时省力，且便于维护调试。
对现场工作情况可做数据记录，在需要时调历史数据库进行数据查询，方便回查，有利于编制更科学的工艺过程。
使用组态软件编制现场工作动画，使操作者更直观更快捷的了解现场实时工作情况。
2 物流机械设备2.1输送机系统分类输送机是按照规定路线连续地或间歇地运送散料物料和成件物品的搬运机械。
输送机系统是由两个以上输送机及其附件，组成一个比较复杂的工艺输送系统，完成物料的搬运、装卸、分拣等功能。
广泛应用于工厂企业的流水生产线、物料输送线；广泛应用于流通中心、配送中心物料的快速拣选和分拣。
2.1.1带式输送机定义：带式输送机是一种利用连续而具有挠性输送带连续地来输送物料的输送机。
用途：输送各种散状物料；在装配、检验、测试等生产线上输送单位质量不太大的成件物品。
分类：根据挠性输送带的不同，可分：织物芯胶带／织物芯PVC带／钢带／网带等。
织物芯又可分为棉帆布／尼龙帆布(NN)／聚酯尼龙交织帆布(EP)等。
2.1.2滚柱输送机定义：采用滚柱来取代辊道的输送机。
用途：结构简单，一般用于无动力驱动。
适用于成件包装货物或者整底面物料的短距离搬运。
2.1.3辊道输送机定义：辊道输送机是利用辊子的转动来输送成件物品的输送机。
它可沿水平或曲线路径进行输送，其结构简单。
安装、使用、维护方便，对不规则的物品可放在托盘或者托板上进行输送。
分类：按驱动方式分：无动力辊道输送机／动力辊道输送机（链传动／摩擦传动）。
按无动力辊道输送机的曲线段形式分：柱形辊子式／锥形辊子式／差速辊子式／短辊子差速式等。
按转撤装置的形式分：曲线段转撤／岔道分流／平面分流／小车转撤／直角转撤／回转台转撤／辊子输送机升降装置转撤等。
适用范围：滚筒输送机适用于各类箱、包、托盘等件货的输送，散料、小件物品或不规则的物品需放在托盘上或周转箱内输送。
能够输送单件重量很大的物料，或承受较大的冲击载荷，滚筒线之间易于衔接过滤，可用多条滚筒线及其它输送机或专机组成复杂的物流输送系统，完成多方面的工艺需要。
可采用积放滚筒实现物料的堆积输送。
滚筒输送机结构简单，可靠性高，使用维护方便。
辊筒的选择：1、滚筒的长度选择：不同宽度的货物应选适合宽度的滚筒，一般情况下采用“输送物+50mm”。
2、滚筒的壁厚及轴径选择：按照输送物的重量平均分配到接触的滚筒上，计算出每支滚筒的所需承重，从而确定滚筒的壁厚及轴径。
3、滚筒材料及表面处理：根据输送环境的不同，确定滚筒所采用的材质和表面处理（碳钢镀锌、不锈钢、发黑还是包胶）。
4、选择滚筒的安装方式：根据整体输送机的具体要求，选择滚筒的安装方式: 弹簧压入式, 内牙轴式, 全扁榫式, 通轴销孔式等。
对于弯道机的锥形滚筒，其滚面宽度及锥度视货物尺寸和转弯半径而定。
2.1.4链式输送机定义：链式输送机是利用链条牵引、承载，或由链条上安装的板条、金属网、辊道等承载物料的输送机。
分类：根据链条上安装的承载面的不同，可分：链条式/链板式/链网式/板条式/链斗式/托盘式/台车式，此外，也常与其他输送机、升降装置等组成各种功能的生产线。
2.1.5悬挂输送机定义：悬挂输送机属于链条（也可为钢索）牵引式的连续输送机。
用途：悬挂输送机是规模较大的工厂综合机械化输送设备，它广泛地应用于大量或者成批生产的工厂，作为车间之间和车间内部的机械化、自动化连续输送设备。
在汽车、家电、服装、屠宰、邮政等方面得到了广泛应用。
分类：根据牵引件和承载件的连接方式不同，可分：通用悬挂输送机（提式悬挂输送机）/推式悬挂输送机/拖式悬挂输送机/积放式悬挂输送机。
根据承载件的支撑方式不同可分：空中吊挂式/地面支撑式等。
3 自动化立体仓库系统的设计与实现3 绪论自动化立体仓库系统(Automated Storage and Retrieval System shorted forAS/RS)是现代物流系统的一个重要组成部分，广泛应用于各行各业中。
目前，它已经成为企业生产和管理信息化的标志之一。
自动化立体仓库在军事领域中同样具有很高的应用价值，是提高部队信息化毹；理水平、战斗力的有力保障。
自动化立体仓库是集机电、液压、通讯、PLC、计算机、数据库技术为一体的复杂的高度集成的智能系统。
本课题设计的自动化立体仓库采用分布式PLC控制液压和机电设备进行作业，使用丰富的传感器确保作业的准确性和安全性；组态王开发的上位机软件对其工作进行监控和指挥并用数据库记录库存信息，辅以基于无线通讯技术的摄像设备进行实时视频监控。
3．1自动化立体仓库(Automated storage／Retrieval system)3．1．1自动化立体仓库的定义自动化是现代物流技术发展的主要趋势，因此作为现代物流系统主要组成部分的自动化立体仓库在整个物流系统中占有非常重要的地位。
作为现代物流技术的典型代表，自动化立体仓库系统(AS／RS)能够按照指令自动完成货物的存取，并能对库存货物进行自动管理，完全实现自动化作业，该系统具有提升物流管理。
水平与物流运作效率、操作简单、能与ERP系统进行信息集成、节省占地面积、维护方便快捷等诸多优点。
自动化立体仓库丰要有以下部分组成：高层货架：用于存储货物的钢结构。
目前主要有焊接式货架和组合式货架两种基本形式。
托盘(货箱)：用于承载货物的器具，亦称工位器具。
巷道堆垛机：用于自动存取货物的设备。
按结构形式分为单立柱和双立柱两种基本形式；按服务方式分为直道、弯道和转移车三种基本形式。
输送机系统：立体库的丰要外围设备，负责将货物运送到堆垛机或从堆垛机将货物移走。
输送机种类非常多，常见的有辊道输送机，链条输送机，升降台，分配车，提升机机，皮带机等。
AGV系统：即自动导向小车。
根据其导向方式分为感应式导向小车和激光导向小车。
自动控制系统：驱动自动化立体库系统各设备的自动控制系统。
目前以采用现场总线方式为控制模式为主。
库存信息管理系统：亦称中央计算机管理系统。
是全自动化立体库系统的核心。
目前典型的自动化立体库系统均采用大型的数据库系统(如ORACLE，SYBASE等)构筑典型的客户机／服务器体系，可以与其他系统(如ERP系统等)联网或集成。
3．1．2自动化立体仓库的现状及发展趋势立体仓库的产生和发展是第二次世界大战之后生产和技术发展的结果。
50年代初，美国出现了采用桥式堆垛起重机的立体仓库；50年代末60年代初出现了司机操作的巷道式堆垛起重机立体仓库；1963年美国率先在高架仓库中采用计算机控制技术，建立了第一座计算机控制的立体仓库。
此后，自动化立体仓库在美国和欧洲得到迅速发展，并形成了专门的学科。
60年代中期，日本开始兴建立体仓库，并且发展速度越来越快，成为当今世界上拥有自动化立体仓库最多的国家之一。
我国对立体仓库及其物料搬运设备的研制开始并不晚，1963年研制成第一台桥式堆垛起重机(机械部北京起重运输机械研究所)，1973年开始研制我国第一座由计算机控制的自动化立体仓库(高15米，机械部起重所负责)，该库1980年投入运行。
到目前为止，我国自动化立体仓库数量己超过200座。
立体仓库由于具有很高的空间利用率、很强的入出库能力、采用计算机进行控制管理而利于企业实施现代化管理等特点，己成为企业物流和生产管理不可缺少的仓储技术，越来越受到企业的重视。