高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。

如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.②if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。

如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.→Were I at school again, I would study harder.@如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。

If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。

③用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for。

如：What would you do with a million dollars (=if you had a million dollars)|如果你有100万元，你会做什么We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。

Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, …= If it had not been for your help, …= Had it not been for you help, …没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。

~④含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。

如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构)⑤even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if 从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。

习题1. If my lawyer＿＿＿here last Saturday, he＿＿＿me from going.A.had been, would have preventedB.had been, would preventC.were, would preventD.were, would have prevented2. If it＿＿＿for the snow, we＿＿＿the mountain yesterday.A.;B.were not, could have climbedC.were not, could climbD.had not been, could have climbedE.had not been, could climb3. Without electricity(电) human life＿＿＿quite difficult today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting, if she＿＿＿, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come—5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it＿＿＿.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken6. He hesitated(犹豫) for a moment before kicking(踢) the ball. Otherwise he＿＿＿a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored7. ＿＿＿right now, she would get there on Sunday.A.Would she leaveB.If she leavesC.`D.Were she to leaveE.If she had left8. Had he worked harder, he＿＿＿the exam.A.must have got throughB.would have got throughC.would get throughD.could get through9. He must have had an accident, or he＿＿＿then.A.、B.would have been hereC.had to be hereD.should be hereE.would be here10. ＿＿＿for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A.Not beingB.Had it not beenC.Without beingD.Not having been!11. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we＿＿＿him.A.would have calledB.must have telephonedC.would telephoneD.had telephoned虚拟语气(1)复习题…＿＿＿you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give2.＿＿＿for your laziness(懒惰), you could have finished the assignment(任务) bynow.A. Had it not beenB. It were notC. weren’t itD. Had not it beenI hadn’t stood under the ladder(梯子) to catch you when you fell, you ＿＿＿now.A. wouldn’t be smilingB. couldn’t have smiledC. won’t smileD. didn’t smile it ＿＿＿Professor Johnson’s recommendation(推荐), I wouldn’t have been admitted to the graduate school(研究生学院).!A. were not forB. had not been forC. were notD. had it not beenwe do not develop a new kind of car, air pollution ＿＿＿even more dangerous. A. should have become B. will become C. would have become D. must have becomefor the stormy weather, we ＿＿＿earlier.A. should arriveB. shall arriveC. should have arrivedD. shall have arrived we ＿＿＿their terms(条款，条件), we would go bankrupt(破产).A. acceptB. should acceptC. had acceptedD. are to accept#would never have gone to the hospital ＿＿＿that Tom would be there, too.A. he did not knowB. if had he knownC. had he knownD. he would have knownhe been more careful, he ＿＿＿that accident.A. would avoidB. would have avoidedC. avoidedD. should avoidthat he came to help me, I ＿＿＿there earlier.A. could not arriveB. could not have arrivedC. did not arriveD. can not arrive"could look more attractive(有魅力的，吸引人的) but she ＿＿＿no attention to her clothes.A. paysB. was payingC. paidD. had paidI ＿＿＿in his place, I would do that, too.A. wasB. wereC. amD. had been虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为练习题insist that a doctor ＿＿＿immediately.A. has been sent forB. sends forC. will be sent forD. be sent for…manager of the hotel requests(要求) that their guests(客人们) ＿＿＿after 11:00 ..A. not to play loud musicB. shouldn’t play loud musicC. don’t play loud musicD. couldn’t play loud music’s uncle insists ＿＿＿in this hotel.A. staying notB. not to stayC. that he would not stayD. that he not stay was essential(重要的) that the application forms(申请表) ＿＿＿back before the headline(截止日期).A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent'is necessary ＿＿＿the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnedC. that he returnD. that he has to returnis proposed(建议) that the matter(事情，事件) ＿＿＿discussed at the next meeting.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. beis politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿after 11 o’clock at night.A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not playare all for your proposal that the discussion ＿＿＿.【A. be put offB. was put offC. should put offD. is to put offdon’t think it advisable(明智的，可取的，适当的) that Tom ＿＿＿to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. will be assignedC. be assignedD. has been assignedis essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿back before the deadline(截止日期).A. be sentB. would be sentC. were sentD. must be sentinsisted that his father ＿＿＿with them.A. goB. will goC. will be goingD. went…workers demanded() that their wages() ＿＿＿by 20 percent.A. raisedB. raiseC. should have been raisedD. be raisedthe meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿over the river.A. be builtB. must be builtC. was to be builtD. had to be built练习题wish I ＿＿＿you yesterday.A. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to seeonly he ＿＿＿quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer(忍受痛苦) so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. shouldn’t lieI wish every family ＿＿＿a large house with a beautiful garden!、A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had hadat the terrible situation I am in! if only I ＿＿＿your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followeddidn’t go to the party, but he does wish he ＿＿＿there.A. had beenB. has beenC. would have beenD. would bewish I ＿＿＿longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept…wishes that he ＿＿＿business instead of history when he was in university.A. had studiedB. studyC. studiedD. had been studying’s already five o’clock now. Do you think it’s about time ＿＿＿A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home9.“You are very selfish（自私）. It ‘s high time you ＿＿＿that you are not the most important person in the world,” Jim said to his boss angrily.A. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should realizedon’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone’d rather you ＿＿＿make any comment(评论) on the issue(问题) for the time being(目前)A. don’tB. wouldn’tC. didn’tD. shouldn’t’t you rather your children ＿＿＿to bed early.A. goB. wentC. would goD. doesmanager(经理) would rather his daughter ＿＿＿in the same office.A. had not workedB. not to workC. dose not workD. did not workonly the committee(委员会) ＿＿＿the regulations(章程，规则，条例) and put them into effect(使生效) as soon as possible.A. approveB. will approveC. can approveD. would approveam sure she would rather you ＿＿＿the bad news and ＿＿＿your sorrow(痛苦with her.A. will tell; shareB. tell; shareC. has told; sharedD. had told; sharedis high time that you ＿＿＿a bath(洗澡，沐浴).A. will takeB. tookC. had takenD. would takesaid that she would rather not ＿＿＿the problem in the presence(在场) of so many strangers(陌生人).A. to discussB. discussC. discussingD. discussionwould rather you ＿＿＿those important documents(文件) with you.A. do not takeB. did not takeC. will not takeD. not take。