2014年复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题
复旦大学研究生综合英语习题及答案
复旦大学研究生综合英语习题及答案研究生英语第一册Lesson 11. My husband, because of his own professional _____, goes to Cambridge every week.A. judgmentsB. criteriaC. personalitiesD. commitments2. While looking for the address book, Mr. Hailey _____ some of his old love letters in hiswife’s drawer.A. came aboutB. came up withC. came acrossD. came out with3. Mrs. Bush, head of the intelligence department, is _____ immense talent and boundlessenergy.A. capable ofB. blessed withC. associated withD. recognized as4. The audience are deeply impressed by the leading character of the feature film that looks_____ at social problems.A. squarelyB. obviouslyC. accuratelyD. deliberately5. The Prime Minister has decided to take advantage of his popularity in the opinion polls, andcalled a _____ election for next month.A. snapB. clean-outC. magneticD. convincing6. The singer is very popular with the general public, but she is often regarded as being too_____ on stage.A. instinctualB. refreshingC. flamboyantD. eloquent7. Mr. Potter had taken it for granted that his verbose and _____ explanation of the facts wouldconvince the jury of his innocence.A. flimsyB. individualC. glibD. greasy8. Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. _____ someAsian countries are highly protectionist.A. DeliberatelyB. ConverselyC. EvidentlyD. Naturally9. According to legal provisions, the properties will either_____ the original owners or else besold at auction.A. commit toB. take toC. romp toD. revert to10. The measures are little more than _____ that will fade fast once investors take a hard look atthem.A. blind faithB. window dressingC. good impressionD. winning image1. The number of people who consult psychiatrists today is not, as is sometimes felt, a _____ ofincreasing mental illness.A. revelationB. syndromeC. symptomD. repugnance2. That snake is not poisonous. It's a completely _____ little garden snake.A. inoffensiveB. innocuousC. ingeniousD. incompatible3. Evidence _____ to the trial must be submitted to the police.A. prevalentB. subsequentC. subordinateD. pertinent4. University teaching may be _____ if the government increases the number of studentswithout providing additional funding.A. jeopardizedB. patchedC. improvisedD. generalized5. The child's parents were _____ into accepting the demand of the kidnappers'.A. pleadedB. intoxicatedC. intimidatedD. besieged6. The detectives _____ on the terrorists' conversations by using secret microphones.A. overheardB. eavesdroppedC. reflectedD. mused7. The two sides are so _____ to each other that there is no way to work out a compromise.A. inimicalB. reconcilableC. magneticD. conducive8. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about _____ the meeting.A. clandestineB. intangibleD. squalid9. Although Jack had moved away before the baseball season ended, the most valuable playeraward was _____ his.A. dubiouslyB. dulyC. excessivelyD. transiently10. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting _____ laws to protect theconsumers.A. lavishB. equivocalC. stringentD. flabbyLesson 21. Probably the physics of the mid-nineteenth century was not as spectacular as that of the_____ and following periods, but its theoretical advances were nevertheless very impressive.A. posteriorB. overwhelmingC. precedingD. potential2. We will encourage every school to _____ its character, ethos and areas of special interestwithin a more flexible National Curriculum framework.A. facilitateB. enhanceD. install3. _____ her dreams, Lynne traveled the world, leaving her 2-year-old son Stephen in the care ofbabysitters.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. In place ofD. In pursuit of4. His deep _____, subtle approach, sharp analytical capacities and broad clinical knowledgemade him a brilliant clinician.A. intuitionB. revelationC. hypothesisD. indulged in5. Western medicine, _____ science and practiced by people with internationally acceptedmedical degrees, is only one of many systems of healing.A. rooted inB. originated fromC. trapped inD. indulged in6. The computer acts as a substitute for human friends, perhaps, but the human-computer _____may also bring about the end of existing human-human relationships.A. apathyB. intensityC. conceptD. infatuation7. She had something to tell him, something so important that even this unexpected opportunityfor _____ of their desire must take second place.A. appetiteB. consummationC. intimacyD. potentiality8. Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps _____ rigiddepartmental boundaries.A. break downB. stand forC. set offD. pass over9. He knew that he had one more duty to perform before he allowed himself to succumb to his_____ for rest.A. orientationB. anticipationC. cravingD. objection10. To be honest, I felt rather embarrassed by Jane’s _____ and flirting during her interview.A. spontaneousnessB. anticipationC. coynessD. sensationp601. It is _____ upon all users of this equipment to familiarizethemselves with the safetyprocedure.A. necessaryB. indispensableC. incumbentD. requisite2. The kidnappers specified that the _____ money should be left at the bus station by 12 o'clockthe next day, otherwise they would kill the boy.A. ransomB. prizeC. conscienceD. revenue3. According to the economic forecast, some people are hopeful of a drop in the inflation figures,but others are less _____.A. fastidiousB. sanguineC. lenientD. prudent4. Her rise to fame was quite _____—in less than two years she was a household name.A. phenomenalB. bleakC. blankD. vacant5. I looked for her through the window, but the curtains were drawn and I could only see her in_____.A. featureB. profileC. silhouetteD. reverse6. I tried to persuade her to take the job but she was quite _____ that she did not want it.A. desperateB. paranoidC. absoluteD. adamant7. We are not compatible—he likes nearly all the things that _____ me.A. repulseB. surpassC. banishD. repatriate8. In his will, the millionaire _____ nearly all his fortunes to the housemaid who took care ofhim in his last days.A. inheritedB. bequeathedC. owedD. remitted9. When the only witness finally came to tell the truth, poor Mike was _____ from allresponsibility for the accident.A. pardonedB. derivedC. exoneratedD. charged10. The negotiation had reached an _____, with both sidesrefusing to compromise.A. eclipseB. impasseC. ultimatumD. abyssLesson 3p731. Hard training will _____ you richly when it comes to the actual competition.A. bringB. payC. serveD. make2. At the news conference, the foreign minister_____ a confident smile and answered all thequestions raised by the journalists.A. woreB. expressedC. settledD. cultivated3. After years of research, scholars have finally _____ this anonymous play _____ ChristopherMarlowe.A. taken ... forB. obliged ... withC. ascribed ... toD. reconciled ... to4. Most parents have occasional _____ about whether they're doing the best thing for theirchildren.A. burdensB. qualmsC. necessitiesD. securities5. It _____ me to thank you for all you have done for the association in the last few years.A. falls toB. falls intoC. falls onD. falls in with6. I never heard anyone in my village mention my uncle Tony—I think he was a bit of a _____.A. white elephantB. dark horseC. guinea pigD. black sheep7. The _____ that she suggested for discussion were based on the most recent medical research.A. contributionsB. occupationsC. expostulationsD. amendments8. Rosa used to be quiet and introverted, but now she is _____ being sociable.A. looking forward toB. going back onC. making a point ofD. standing up to9. Mary broke off her engagement to John when she found him often _____ the pretty girls inhis office.A. putting up withB. seeing throughC. making fun ofD. philandering with10. Instead of ending up in jail or _____, she was remarkably successful and became one of thewealthiest people in Britain today.A. in the rawB. in the gutterC. in the extremeD. in the fleshp881. As one of the youngest branch managers in the IT company, Mr. Yang is certainly on the_____ of a brilliant career.A. trackB. marginC. courseD. threshold2. In _____ times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.A. primeB. primaryC. primitiveD. preliminary3. While it's true that techniques of active listening can _____ the value of lecture, few studentspossess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.A. enhanceB. enlargeC. accessD. exaggerate4. In the library, I found Dabbie was frowning, apparently _____ a word.A. tumbled toB. collided withC. coincided withD. stumped on5. Fierce storms have been _____ rescue efforts and there's now little chance of finding moresurvivors.A. hamperingB. bewilderingC. tanglingD. blundering6. They didn't even give him any sick-pay when he was off ill, which is a fairly _____ way totreat an employee.A. vulnerableB. makeshiftC. shoddyD. backhanded7. It must be realized that large price increase can only _____ demands for even larger wageincrease.A. call offB. trigger offC. make offD. carry off8. When the old lady was back from shopping, she was shocked to find that her house had been_____.A. pawnedB. leasedC. ransackedD. mortgaged9. Since this was my first job interview, I asked _____ about the salary.A. discouraginglyB. diffidentlyC. differentiallyD. diffusely10. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.A. vanishedB. abandonedC. scatteredD. disregarded第106页1. As television continued to command the family hours of the evening, radio found its ownprime time hours in the morning with wake-up shows, bright with music and _____, as well as time and weather announcements.A. chitchatB. hyperstimulationC. collaborationD. spur2. At this conference Trudeau admonished the press as“a pretty lousy lo t”for _____ into hisprivate life.A. lapsingB. snoopingC. sneezingD. yawning3. The demoralizing effect on the enemy of such bombing and _____ from planes completelyhidden in a clouded sky was tremendous.A. explosivesB. minesC. barrelsD. barrages4. Three schools in Putney have _____ their resources and order to buy an area of waste groundand turn it into a sports field.A. pooledB. capturedC. suckedD. transcended5. The U.S. economy appeared to function on autopilot during much of 1995 with _____mergers that kept the stock market in a tizzy.A. appallingB. anticipatingC. mind-bogglingD. brain-racking6. After Steve entered the room he _____ the satchel on the label and sat down on the sofa infront of the telly.A. plunked downB. plucked outC. ran amokD. pecked out7. The roads tied _____ regions together, moving the goods and people required to build andmaintain extensive public works.A. full-blownB. far-goneC. far-flungD. far-fetched8. Evidence from drawings of that time indicates that the Egyptians used a _____, probably milk,to reduce the sliding friction and thus increase the efficiency of the inclined planes.A. nutritionB. junkC. queryD. lubricant9. Since last Sunday, the volcano has _____ a giant cloud of ash, dust and gases into the air.A. musteredB. demolishedC. forgedD. spewed10. He _____ together a living from several part-time jobs by running sight-seeing charters, andcollecting dry cleaning.A. hauntsB. cobblesC. flattensD. underscoresp1281. The old lady has developed a _____ cough which can't be cured completely in a short time.A. benignB. permanentC. perpetualD. chronic2. The police were alerted that the murderer might still be in the _____.A. roundB. circumstancesC. vicinityD. track3. Listening to the soft tapping of rain on the roof can _____a person's nervous tension.A. provokeB. sootheC. retainD. revive4. The _____ the farmer gave on his woodland to a lumber company expires in two years' time.A. premiumB. subsidyC. extinctionD. lease5. It's more important to pave the way for children's desire to know than to put them on a diet offacts they are not ready to _____.A. disperseB. assimilateC. alternateD. affiliate6. Those who dwell, as scientists or laymen, among the beauties and mysteries of the earth, arenever alone or _____ of life.A. wearyB. waryC. cautiousD. callous7. If the freed men had become landowners instead of _____ laborers, their descendants wouldbe prosperous today.A. affluentB. stingyC. impoverishedD. gorgeous8. This cream can be used to treat cuts and bruises and other_____ minor injuries.A. floppyB. sundryC. infirmD. murky9. They _____ agreed to the proposal that hostage-taking be made an international crime.A. incompatiblyB. presumablyC. invariablyD. unanimously10. For reasons of personal safety, the man told the policethat he wished to remain _____.A. anonymousB. suspiciousC. conspicuousD. rigorous第143页1. The new rule stipulated that a worker who was _____ three times in one month should bedismissed immediately.A. awkwardB. aloofC. clumsyD. tardy2. At the end of the President’s speech, leaders of both parties announced their full support ofthe doctrine he had _____.A. complimentedB. enunciatedC. disguisedD. deprived3. Because of its capacity to _____ numerous substances in large amounts, pure water rarelyoccurs in nature.A. sufficeB. dissolveC. withholdD. recognize4. In Austria he met with President Kurt Waldheim, who remained a figure of controversybecause of his reported _____ in Nazi crimes against Jews andothers during World War II.A. caricatureB. complicityC. citadelD. protocol5. When we arrived there we saw many red-and-white streamers floating gently into the outfieldgrass, fireworks _____ overhead.A. boomingB. intoningC. squabblingD. mounting6. The bird put his tiny head to one side and looked up at him with his soft bright eye. Then hehopped about and pecked the earth _____, looking for seeds and insects.A. dubiouslyB. lavishlyC. transientlyD. briskly7. John reached for a cigarette and _____ a little. “We did not think anybody would be stubbornenough to come here in spite of our discouragement.”A. overheardB. chuckledC. generalizedD. jeopardized8. For a moment I thought he was being serious, but then he _____ at me.A. intimidatedB. musedC. reflectedD. winked9. Many of the country’s prosecutors feared the proposal was ultimately aimed at curbing theirconsiderable powers and _____ wrongdoers _____.A. patching…upB. p icking…outC. letting…off the hookD. brushing…off10. About half of all children in South Asia and one-third of those in sub-Saharan Africa sufferfrom _____, which usually results from an inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals.A. eclipseB. repugnanceC. malnutritionD. revelationp1601. A photograph taken in Bern during Eva Peron's 1947 tour of Europe depicts the _____Argentine first lady, bejeweled and elegantly dressed in a Pads gown.A. spuriousB. glamorousC. clamorousD. proliferous2. Actors on stage bring characters to full life who would _____ have lain inert on the printedpage.A. thereofB. neverthelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise3. Human cloning is probably not _____ because they will be heavily discouraged by manygovernments.A. imminentB. eminentC. efficientD. impeccable4. Snow began to fall at round about the beginning of the New Year and continued on and off for_____ ten days.A. appropriatelyB. exceedinglyC. approximatelyD. apprehensively5. Hungry birds in search of _____ of food made delicate impressions on the surface of thesnow.A. scrapsB. scratchesC. scrapesD. scents6. The glade was pear-shaped, roughly a hundred yards long and fifty yards wide, with a _____pool of rain-water in the center of it.A. randomB. blankC. hollowD. stagnant7. Geraldo's reports exposed the _____ conditions and neglectful, often abusive, treatment of thepatients in the hospital.A. tertiaryB. stationaryC. solitaryD. unsanitary8. After endless difficulty, we managed to catch the horse, but could not get him move and wereobliged to camp in a most _____ spot where we could not light a fire.A. inevitableB. indispensableC. inhabitableD. insatiable9. It's curious how often sympathy for the old and _____ takesa form which actually humiliatesthem.A. infirmB. infamousC. impatientD. ignorant10. After we had waited for ten minutes in the crowded tea shop, the clergyman's son came _____through the door.A. lumberingB. plunderingC. glitteringD. rumbling第178页1. Dissatisfaction with the Labor government now seems to have _____ every section of society.A. heraldedB. permeatedC. conceivedD. scrutinized2. We know these chemicals are dangerous, but their benefits far _____ any risk to theenvironment.A. overtakeB. manipulateC. stockD. outweigh3. All previous attempts to _____ the fighting have failed so why should these proposals be anymore successful?A. compromiseB. haltC. withstandD. sustain4. The president and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a _____ for continuedeconomic reform.A. mandateB. assertionC. discourseD. determinism5. She is not satisfied with her job because it provides no_____ for her energies and talents.A. conceptionB. outreachC. outletD. essentialism6. John has been _____ me with drinks all evening—I don’t think I am capable of driving home.A. shiftingB. offeringC. plyingD. crushing7. My second and more _____ reason for going to Dearborn was to see the Henry Ford Museum.A. compellingB. wearyC. perplexingD. worthy8. Scotland’s _____ on Wales in the second half of the match earned them a 4-1 victory.A. impositionB. onslaughtC. pushD. edge9. By the time I left his house he had become pretty hostile;I felt I _____ better than that.A. pursuedB. fosteredC. entitledD. deserved10. Today almost every household has radios, TVs and awhole _____ of gadgets by electricity.A. endeavorB. hostC. supplyD. facultyp1931. Taking more than the recommended dose of tablets is quite _____.A. hilariousB. perilousC. surreptitiousD. hideous2. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the ills that _____ men and women.A. beseechB. bestowC. bewitchD. beset3. The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks—that is, _____ women andmen with little or no medical knowledge.A. disreputableB. disguisedC. distinguishedD. dissoluble4. The reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans is that there is sharpdifference in appearance between them and their white _____.A. consultantsB. counterpartsC. culpritsD. conservatives5. All the questions _____ around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.A. resolvedB. revokedC. revolvedD. revived6. We tried to drive our horse into the river, but he simply could not _____.A. trudgeB. surgeC. budgeD. dredge7. The experiments _____ that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behavenormally.A. defiedB. verifiedC. purifiedD. intensified8. The aim of the president's speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the greatnecessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that _____ terrorists.A. kidnappedB. harassedC. heckledD. harbored9. In other words, we discovered a _____ of effects from thepower failure, each becoming thecause of the next.A. successionB. recessionC. processionD. secession10. In establishing or _____ a causal relation, it is usually necessary to show the process bywhich the alleged cause produces the effect.A. reframingB. redeemingC. refutingD. redressingp2091. We looked out across a river valley to the broad snow-white ridge of Mount Ararat, its peak_____ against the blue sky.A. galvanizingB. exhilaratingC. incandescentD. unreachable2. Would you care for some tea, or even a light meal, to _____ yourself before setting off for anew adventure?A. colorB. foregoC. boostD. fortify3. The company she was working for was failing so she decided to _____ and set up her ownbusiness with a friend.A. deal outB. bail outC. hold outD. fall out4. Fisher was given a _____ in the marketing section before a decision was made about hisfuture.A. tryoutB. momentumC. convictionD. permissiveness5. This is one of the few jobs you can do in this place and _____ being completely drunk.A. contribute toB. get away withC. make forD. try on6. The lieutenant general has got such an enormous _____ —I've never known anyone so full ofthemselves!A. humilityB. illusionC. altruismD. ego7. Before becoming a _____ director, Jason had worked as a film critic for a magazine for anumber of years.A. full blownB. lovelornC. grown upD. rootless8. According to a survey of 250 high schools, the _____ rate among students is currently one infive.A. alterationB. dropoutC. impulseD. denial9. Please don't be so depressed; I'm sure things will start to _____ for the motor trade in thecoming year.A. look upB. dredge upC. take holdD. sell out10. After a heated debate, the Parliament voted to impose a two-year _____ on nuclear weaponstesting.A. curfewB. strainC. settlementD. moratoriump2251. Even in those schools, which have tried to enforce no smoking by _____ punishment, there'sas much smoking as in other schools.A. cordialB. contingentC. convertibleD. corporal2. People who have such an addiction are _____; ., they havea very powerful psychologicalneed that they feel they must satisfy.A. compulsoryB. compulsiveC. comprehensiveD. consistent3. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less sociablethan inhabitants of countries where the climate is more _____.A. excessiveB. equivalentC. equableD. exquisite4. Jill was seriously injured and for days he _____ between life and death.A. hoveredB. hewedC. hobbledD. huddled5. Professor Smith has already retired, but his teachings still _____ a strong influence on hisstudents.A. executeB. forsakeC. exertD. forge6. This is but a _____ of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.A. frictionB. fractionC. factionD. fracture7. The country has been faced with a _____ problem of unemployment since the newly-electedPresident came into power.A. saggingB. joggingC. loggingD. nagging8. The English language is capable of expressing many subtle _____ of meanings.A. shallowsB. sermonsC. shadesD. shadows9. It's established that everyone has over a thousand dreamsa year, however, few of these _____productions are remembered during waking hours.A. tacitB. stringentC. nocturnalD. mawkish10. The belief that you should own your house is deeply _____ in British society.A. ingrainedB. inflictedC. afflictedD. enragedp2401. Chris decided to divorce Pat because he often _____ a girl young enough to be his daughter.A. brought upB. stood up forC. took advantage ofD. played around with2. Generations of women in this part of the world were _____ by poverty, by religion and bytradition.A. acquiredB. undergoneC. enslavedD. bolstered3. My neighbor is always complaining about his secondhand ear--he doesn't know when he's_____.A. celebratedB. well offC. deceptiveD. well-founded4. It is becoming abundantly clear that, unless I make some determined move, I will become apermanent _____ in the machine.A. cogB. modelC. victimD. conductor5. The recent fall in house prices has _____ disaster for many people who want to sell theirhouses.A. speltB. avertedC. resolvedD. transformed6. I told my sister I'd lend her my new shirt if she let me borrow her jacket, but she didn't rise tothe _____.A. baitB. maskC. obligationD. compromise7. My husband ate a _____ breakfast before he set off for his remote farmhouse.A. primeB. heartyC. convenientD. heady8. Yesterday morning when she said she was going to leave him for good, he thought it was onlya _____.A. blissB. sacrificeC. bluffD. consequence9. Alice was _____ with grief when she heard her husband died in a plane crash.A. above herselfB. in touchC. in lineD. beside herself10. Due to an _____ by my bank, there was less money in my account than there should havebeen.A. intentB. oversightC. indecisionD. engagementp2561. We are now in a world where the speed at which you distribute information often means thedifference between success and failure, and immediacy _____ quality.A. supervisesB. supplementsC. supersedesD. scandalizes2. A teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitude because her influence can be _____ if shehas personal prejudices.A. delectableB. deleteriousC. meritoriousD. deliberate3. The _____ anthropologist George Murdock has listed seventy-three items that characterizeevery known culture, past and present.A. eminentB. imminentC. reminiscent4. These computer hackers skip school and lose contact with friends; they may even _____personal hygiene.A. forgeB. furrowC. forgoD. fortify5. Education _____ the conviction that you can always learn something new.A. installsB. instillsC. fulfillsD. imbues6. Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of _____.A. immigrationB. extinctionC. distinctionD. extraction7. Jane was in a _____ as to whether to marry Paul, who was poor, or Charles, who was ugly.A. paradoxB. stigmaC. dilemmaD. predication8. Most public places are simply not _____ to the needs of people with a physical handicap.A. desertedB. dwelled。
博士研究生入学考试真题英语-2014
博士研究生入学考试真题英语-2014装备学院2014年博士研究生入学考试英语(1001)试题（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，本试卷满分100分）Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point each)Direction:There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourAnswer Sheet.1. Mourinho is a young and ________ coach who is prepared to lead his tem to win the championship in his first season.A. clumsyB. humorousC. ambitiousD. intimate2. Just wait for more second, I am ________ ready.A. all butB. all overC. at allD. at any moment3. If you can’t think of anywhere to go on Saturday, we ________ as well stay home.A. shouldB. mightC. canD. need4. A nation that does not know history is ________ to repeat it.A. discouragedB. characterizedC. linkedD. fated5. They preferred a British Commonwealth or European arrangement, because this wassubstantially ________ their British thinking.A. in touch withB. in line withC. with relation toD. with reference to6. The traffic accident that delayed our bus gave us a ________ reason for being late.A. promptB. vagueC. irritableD. legitimate7. The United States has 10 percent of the total petroleum ________ of the world in its ownterritory, and has been a major producer for decades.A. reservoirsB. reservationsC. reservesD. reproductions8. This is the world’s first accurate ________ model of human heart in computer.A. settingB. laboringC. showingD. working9. In 2000 I visited Berkeley, where I began my long ________ with this world famousuniversity.A. interactionB. nominationC. reconstructionD. association10. ________ ads for phony business opportunities appear in the classified pages of dailyand weekly newspapers and magazines, and online.A. SpeciallyB. TypicallyC. EspeciallyD. Commonly11. Too much time has ________ since we worked on this project.A. circulatedB. elapsedC. occupiedD. detached12. The girl fresh from college finally received a job ________ she had been expecting.A. requestB. pleaC. suggestionD. offer13. However busy we are, we’ll try to get back home ________ the dinner on the eve of theLunar New Year.A. in time forB. in exchange forC. in store forD. in return for14. Some difficult choices involving life and death are simply outside the ________ ofeconomic analysis.A. dimensionB. scaleC. domainD. space15. China’s economy, which was now on the brink of collapse, was beginning to ________after the implementation of reform and opening-up.A. pay offB. take offC. leave offD. drop off16. After a month or so, she came to dislike the subject and wished she had not _______ it_______.B. put…up B. given…upC. taken…upD. made…up17. It is considered a crime to ________ an election of any kind by bribing voters.A. fabricateB. launchC. populateD. manipulate18. Visitors to this plateau are likely to have a _______ headache for the first few days.A. splittingB. slappingC. slicingD. sprawling19. The central government is intensifying efforts to popularize _______ education in rurallocalities.A. voluntaryB. impulsiveC. instinctiveD. compulsory20. They are studying what kind of preferences might ________ this surging demand forhome-made TV sets.A. take a fancy toB. bring into playC. give rise toD. grow out ofPart II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)Directions:There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for eachblank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase youhave chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your AnswerSheet.New devices to aid in the manipulation of numbers were added to make the job fasterand more accurate. Electronic computers were 21 the fastest and most versatile instruments for storing and 22 now in use. Computers provide the means for greater speed and accuracy than 23 previously 23 possible. With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has suddenly become 24 of the mind.Although man 25 mentally richer ever since he started 26 , the electronic computer allows and will continue to allow him 27 tremendous “mental”tasks in a 28 short time. Great scientists of the past 29 ideas that sometimes had to wait for years before they 30 sufficiently well to be 31 . With the computer, the ideas of today’s scientists can be studied, tested, distributed and used more rapidly than 32 .Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently as so much information 33 we have now. The repeated actions of preparing, sorting, filing, distributing and 34 records and publications can be 35 as calculating. Errors occur because people grow tired and can be distracted.Part III Reading Comprehension (30 point)Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Directions:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneA warning has been issued by the electricity board that theremay be a repetition of yesterday evening’s block-outs in the London area. Although these were not serious or prolonged, there were voltage reductions in many homes of up to an hour, and the traffic lights in Piccadilly Circus were out for twenty minutes, causing considerable traffic congestion. Some commuter services were also affected. Some passengers had to face delays of up to two hours and at Victoria Station an angry argument broke out between a station inspector and a man on his way to visit his wife in hospital, and police had to be called. Both men were arrested. Local electricity switchboards were jammed with calls from housewives demanding to know how they were expected to cook supper for their families on a cold cooker. In one street in West London, all the lights went out without warning. Shops were closed but a relief service of candles and hand torches was set up by neighbors concerned about the risk of accident to old people and children. Today local hardware shops in the area report a run on candles and paraffin lamps normally sold to campers.A spokesman for the Electricity Board said they regretted the inconvenience the public had suffered, but there was no guarantee that further power cuts would not be necessary. Particularly after dark when there was an increased use of electrical appliances in the home.The trouble appears to be due to a work to rule by staff at power stations in remote areas, who are insisting on increased pay for night shifts and higher travel allowances. Although the work to rule is unofficial, Union leaders are to meet members of the electricity Board early next month to discuss these demands. It is hoped that both sides will be able to reach a satisfactory agreement and that the threat of more serious industrial actionwill be averted.36. According to the Electricity Board consumers may expect ________ .A. voltage reductions in a certain areaB. increased voltage reduction in the London areaC. power cuts of more than an hour in certain areasD. prolonged power cuts in many areas37. Owing to the delay at Victoria Station________.A. two passengers were arrestedB. a man was taken to hospitalC. evacuated the old people and childrenD. took care to prevent accidents38. When the lights in one street went out, people _________.A. ran to the shops to buy candlesB. were involved in a series of accidentsC. evacuated the old people and childrenD. took care to prevent accidents39. The main cause of the power cuts seems to be _________.A. a strike by all night shift workers at power stationsB. the worker’s refusal to travel to remote power stationsC. the worker’s unwillingness to work night shiftsD. dissatisfaction among workers over conditions of service40. From the passage we understand that the present industrial unrest ________.A. was initiated by Trade Union officialsB. has been set in motion without Trade Union approvalC. is to be settled by arbitrationD. is to be taken to government levelPassage TwoDespite the defeat of the Nazis and their allies and thesetting up of the United Nations Organization in 1945, racism continues to haunt the world today. Men are denied employment, housing and educational opportunities because of their skin color; some rich countries still have racial immigration laws to keep out immigrants from poorer and hungrier lands; political leaders are imprisoned for life for demanding that all races should have the same political right; and even in the cities of the affluent Western world the Negro ghettoes burn, signaling to the world the blank despair of their inhabitants.The most striking instance of racism in the world today is that of the system of Apartheid（种族隔离制度）in South Africa. Apartheid is not as some people may still imagine a serious attempt to provide equal though separate facilities for all races. It is segregation carried through by men with white skins to their own advantage and to the disadvantage of the black and colored populations.Its viciousness lies not solely in the fact that different “races”must live in different areas, but far more in the fact that the areas assigned to the non-White groups are the overcrowded and eroded parts of the countryside. Inevitably those assigned to living there would face starvation unless they went as migrants and transients to seek work in the White areas. So what the theory of Apartheid means is this: that black men will work for white so long as political power lies where it does. Such a system as this is the product of conquest and of the monopoly of political power by a conquering group. The conquerors seize uponthe fact of skin color in order to imply that the inequality which they have created is given by Nature, that it is the inevitable consequence of biological differences, or even that itis the will of God.Such a political system could have established in many parts of the colonial world, but the process of decolonization set in train by the victory of 1945 and assisted by United Nations action succeeded in many countries in opening equal opportunities to all. Hence today we see many cases where those who govern a newly independent country are the children of peasants or of political prisoners.But where White supremacy and Apartheid prevail, colored people must either accept their inferior lot or be condemned for life to an island prison. A similar future is inevitable in other countries if their present political leaders establish governments based upon inequality of political rights between races.But racism and its social consequences are evident not only in the former colonial territories. They are an ever present feature of the life of advanced industrial countries. Increasingly in some at least of these countries the traditional political issues pale into insignificance beside the problem of racial inequality and men’s attempt to fight against it. Inevitably in the post 1945 world, with the advanced countries of Europe and North America undergoing a period of unparalleled economic prosperity, immigrants have come to their cities from the poorer countries, from the rural areas and from the areas where the old slave plantations were.There is much evidence to suggest that this migration has not represented an uncontrolled and uncontrollable flood, for the immigrants have exercised their own immigration control by going where the jobs are.Nevertheless this precisely how this immigration has been perceived in the countries concerned and they have reacted bythrowing up barriers either to immigration itself or to full equality of opportunity for the immigrant in fields such as housing or employment. Such barriers may not have an explicitly racial form. They may affect all newcomers. But there can be little doubt that colored people are most affected by them and that the discrimination involved is widely thought to be based upon color and race.41. The passages states that victims of racism include ________.A. immigrantsB. people whose skin is not whiteC. people of different color, and political leaders who fight for them; as well as would-be immigrants from poorer and hungrier countriesD. all those who are denied employment, housing and educational opportunities.42. “The Negro ghettoes burn.” Is it possible to infer from the passage who set them on fire.A. Yes, the Negroes themselves in protest against their living conditions.B. Yes, racists.C. Yes, the inhabitants of the ghettoes.D. No, we cannot really be sure from this passage.43. Apartheid is particularly wicked because _________.A. different races have to live in different areasB. the areas assigned to the non-white groups are not rich enough to support themC. some people still imagine it is a serious attempt at equal but separate developmentD. it is to the disadvantage of the black population44. In paragraph three the writer says that the non-whitepopulations are forced by ________.A. the Whites to work for themB. the law to work for the WhitesC. the threat of starvation to work for the WhitesD. claiming that “might is right”45. We can infer from this passage that the writer thinks that racism _________.A. is on the increase because of South Africa’s policiesB. is on the increase because of the growth of immigrant populationsC. has decreased because of the process of decolonizationD.continues to exist despite the defeat of the Nazis, the growth of UN and the process of decolonizationPassage 3A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source----exhaust fumes. Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker canreduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic that that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for thelight to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.46. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big citiesC. How to breathe fresh air in big citiesD. How serious air pollution is in big cities47. According to the report, air pollution in big cities _____________.lA. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think.48. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger49. If you take a bus in a big city in china, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side on the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus50. It is implied in the passage that __________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the busPassage 4The terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that today’s worl d, you never know that you might see when you pick up newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren’t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized the interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that disproportionate with the actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Colum bia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn’t what you do, but it’s how it’s covered that determines the effect.” For example, bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans w ho watched helplessly as each evening’s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration ofthe group’s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It’s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,”say Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity（无处不在）of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. army Reserves in the first gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it’s the only tactic they have available to them. “They don’t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don’t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,”says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading（斩首）can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,” Haround te lls webMD.“You haven’t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you’ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”51. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?A. Terrorist attacks.B. The increase of military conflicts.C. Advances in nuclear weapons.D. Prosperity of the media.52. The goal of psychological warfare is to __________.A. change the ideology of the opponentB. win a battle without military attacksC. generate a greater sense of fearD. bring about more physical damage53. According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing a act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because ____________.A. psychological terrorism is a tacticB. terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threatC. the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threatD. publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat54. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that ___________.A. means determines effectsB. hostage crises are prevalentC. psychological terrors remain harmlessD. the American media is effective55. In this passage the author __________.A. emphasizes the great impact of psychological warfareB. criticizes the violence of terrorismC. calls for an end to psychological warfareD. opposes the hostage crisisSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After have read the passage, answer each question in English with no more than 15 words. Writedown your answer on the Answer Sheet.At the beginning of a country’s rise out of backwardness and poverty, more wealth does make a difference. However, citing surveys from china and south Korea, the economist Richard Easterlin points out: “In these countries, per capita income hasdoubled in 20 years but overall happiness does not seem to have followed the same path.”Economists aresurprised, because GNP（国民生产总值）has long been thought the best indicator of human welfare. More GNP generally means more money for most people, and more money improves the quality of life, and that means happiness.But, perhaps, the survey suggests that more money can make you happy only if those around you do not share in your good fortune. General prosperity may fail to enhance individual contentment. Perhaps it is a matter of being aware of your advantage, not that you need to get the highest salaries or be the object of envy. Maybe, individual goals vary too much to be generalized. Maybe one has nothing at all to do with the other. Freud was well aware that economic success did not make people happy. Most psychoanalysts and therapists today would agree. He thought only the realization of a deep childhood desire could provide such satisfaction.Another problem is that people are poor reporters of their own states of mind. They will usually tell you what they themselves want to believe. To know if someone is really happy or not, you have to catch him or her in the act of happiness. Being happy or acting happy are more reliable indicators than thinking too much about it.Professional therapists also know that what makes people happy defies explanation, but what prevents them from being happy doesn’t. Po or self-esteem undermines all feelings of success. Hunger and cold make it harder to relax and enjoy one’s experience. Insecurity and failure to engage one’s work leave one dissatisfied. Anxiety penetrates all our perceptions and feelings, and brings us down.Economists can probably hope to measure how well our basic needs for security and health are met in society, and if those are reasonably OK, people tend to find the happiness they seek. Most of us want to enjoy life, spend time with our children, play at sports, sing, dance and travel. If we can do those things without dread, the amount of money we have is irrelevant.56. According to the economist Richard Easterlin, what is the relationship between higher GDP and overall happiness?57. According to second paragraph, what does the individual happiness arise from?58. What does Freud’s doctrine show with relation to the wealth?59. In the 4th paragraph, what do the professional therapists imply?60. What is the author’s conclusion?Part IV Error Detection and Correction (10 points, 1 point each)Directions:Each of the following sentences contains an error. Your task is to identify that error and correct it. Write both the error and correction on your Answer Sheet61. Virginia Hamilton who has won consistent praise for her novels about Black children.62. When overall exports exceed imports, a country said to have a trade surplus63. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became secretary of labor.64. Different species of octopuses（章鱼）may measure anywhere from two inches over thirty feet in length.65. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by meansanother than heat.66. Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization required for its operations.67. The first national park in world, Yellowstone National Park, was established in 1872.68. Historians have never reached some general agreement about the precise causes of the Civil War in the United States.69. A leading Canadian feminist and author, Nellie McClung, struggled relentlessly in the early twentieth century to win politically and legal rights for Canadian women.70. Although they are in different countries, Windsor, Ontario, Detroit, and Michigan are close neighbors and cooperate on numerous matters of mutually interest.Part V Translation (15 points, 3 points each)Directions:Translate the five underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese.Write down your translation on the Answer Sheet.(71)This Christmas season finds us a rather bewildered human race. We have neither peace within nor peace without.(72)Everywhere paralyzing fears harrow people by day and haunt them by night. Our world is sick with war; everywhere we turn see its ominous possibilities. And yet, my friends, the Christmas hope for peace and goodwill toward all men can no longer be dismissed as a kind of pious dream of some utopian. (73)If we don’t have goodwill toward men in this world, we will destroy ourselves by the misuse of our own instruments and our own power. Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is out of date. (74)There may have a time when war served a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the very destructive power of modern weapons of warfare。
复旦大学的研究生综合英语习题及答案
研究生英语第一册Lesson 11. My husband, because of his own professional _____, goes to Cambridge every week.A. judgmentsB. criteriaC. personalitiesD. commitments2. While looking for the address book, Mr. Hailey _____ some of his old love letters in hiswi fe’s drawer.A. came aboutB. came up withC. came acrossD. came out with3. Mrs. Bush, head of the intelligence department, is _____ immense talent and boundlessenergy.A. capable ofB. blessed withC. associated withD. recognized as4. The audience are deeply impressed by the leading character of the feature film that looks_____ at social problems.A. squarelyB. obviouslyC. accuratelyD. deliberately5. The Prime Minister has decided to take advantage of his popularity in the opinion polls, andcalled a _____ election for next month.A. snapB. clean-outC. magneticD. convincing6. The singer is very popular with the general public, but she is often regarded as being too_____ on stage.A. instinctualB. refreshingC. flamboyantD. eloquent7. Mr. Potter had taken it for granted that his verbose and _____ explanation of the facts wouldconvince the jury of his innocence.A. flimsyB. individualC. glibD. greasy8. Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. _____ someAsian countries are highly protectionist.A. DeliberatelyB. ConverselyC. EvidentlyD. Naturally9. According to legal provisions, the properties will either _____ the original owners or else besold at auction.A. commit toB. take toC. romp toD. revert to10. The measures are little more than _____ that will fade fast once investors take a hard look atthem.A. blind faithB. window dressingC. good impressionD. winning image1. The number of people who consult psychiatrists today is not, as is sometimes felt, a _____ ofincreasing mental illness.A. revelationB. syndromeC. symptomD. repugnance2. That snake is not poisonous. It's a completely _____ little garden snake.A. inoffensiveB. innocuousC. ingeniousD. incompatible3. Evidence _____ to the trial must be submitted to the police.A. prevalentB. subsequentC. subordinateD. pertinent4. University teaching may be _____ if the government increases the number of students withoutproviding additional funding.A. jeopardizedB. patchedC. improvisedD. generalized5. The child's parents were _____ into accepting the demand of the kidnappers'.A. pleadedB. intoxicatedC. intimidatedD. besieged6. The detectives _____ on the terrorists' conversations by using secret microphones.A. overheardB. eavesdroppedC. reflectedD. mused7. The two sides are so _____ to each other that there is no way to work out a compromise.A. inimicalB. reconcilableC. magneticD. conducive8. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about _____ the meeting.A. clandestineB. intangibleC. sedateD. squalid9. Although Jack had moved away before the baseball season ended, the most valuable playeraward was _____ his.A. dubiouslyB. dulyC. excessivelyD. transiently10. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting _____ laws to protect theconsumers.A. lavishB. equivocalC. stringentD. flabbyLesson 21. Probably the physics of the mid-nineteenth century was not as spectacular as that of the _____and following periods, but its theoretical advances were nevertheless very impressive.A. posteriorB. overwhelmingC. precedingD. potential2. We will encourage every school to _____ its character, ethos and areas of special interestwithin a more flexible National Curriculum framework.A. facilitateB. enhanceC. acquaintD. install3. _____ her dreams, Lynne traveled the world, leaving her 2-year-old son Stephen in the care ofbabysitters.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. In place ofD. In pursuit of4. His deep _____, subtle approach, sharp analytical capacities and broad clinical knowledgemade him a brilliant clinician.A. intuitionB. revelationC. hypothesisD. indulged in5. Western medicine, _____ science and practiced by people with internationally acceptedmedical degrees, is only one of many systems of healing.A. rooted inB. originated fromC. trapped inD. indulged in6. The computer acts as a substitute for human friends, perhaps, but the human-computer _____may also bring about the end of existing human-human relationships.A. apathyB. intensityC. conceptD. infatuation7. She had something to tell him, something so important that even this unexpected opportunityfor _____ of their desire must take second place.A. appetiteB. consummationC. intimacyD. potentiality8. Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps _____ rigiddepartmental boundaries.A. break downB. stand forC. set offD. pass over9. He knew that he had one more duty to perform before he allowed himself to succumb to his_____ for rest.A. orientationB. anticipationC. cravingD. objection10. To be honest, I felt rather embarrassed by Jane’s _____ and flirting during her interview.A. spontaneousnessB. anticipationC. coynessD. sensationp601. It is _____ upon all users of this equipment to familiarize themselves with the safetyprocedure.A. necessaryB. indispensableC. incumbentD. requisite2. The kidnappers specified that the _____ money should be left at the bus station by 12 o'clockthe next day, otherwise they would kill the boy.A. ransomB. prizeC. conscienceD. revenue3. According to the economic forecast, some people are hopeful of a drop in the inflation figures,but others are less _____.A. fastidiousB. sanguineC. lenientD. prudent4. Her rise to fame was quite _____—in less than two years she was a household name.A. phenomenalB. bleakC. blankD. vacant5. I looked for her through the window, but the curtains were drawn and I could only see her in_____.A. featureB. profileC. silhouetteD. reverse6. I tried to persuade her to take the job but she was quite _____ that she did not want it.A. desperateB. paranoidC. absoluteD. adamant7. We are not compatible—he likes nearly all the things that _____ me.A. repulseB. surpassC. banishD. repatriate8. In his will, the millionaire _____ nearly all his fortunes to the housemaid who took care ofhim in his last days.A. inheritedB. bequeathedC. owedD. remitted9. When the only witness finally came to tell the truth, poor Mike was _____ from allresponsibility for the accident.A. pardonedB. derivedC. exoneratedD. charged10. The negotiation had reached an _____, with both sides refusing to compromise.A. eclipseB. impasseC. ultimatumD. abyssLesson 3p731. Hard training will _____ you richly when it comes to the actual competition.A. bringB. payC. serveD. make2. At the news conference, the foreign minister_____ a confident smile and answered all thequestions raised by the journalists.A. woreB. expressedC. settledD. cultivated3. After years of research, scholars have finally _____ this anonymous play _____ ChristopherMarlowe.A. taken ... forB. obliged ... withC. ascribed ... toD. reconciled ... to4. Most parents have occasional _____ about whether they're doing the best thing for theirchildren.A. burdensB. qualmsC. necessitiesD. securities5. It _____ me to thank you for all you have done for the association in the last few years.A. falls toB. falls intoC. falls onD. falls in with6. I never heard anyone in my village mention my uncle Tony—I think he was a bit of a _____.A. white elephantB. dark horseC. guinea pigD. black sheep7. The _____ that she suggested for discussion were based on the most recent medical research.A. contributionsB. occupationsC. expostulationsD. amendments8. Rosa used to be quiet and introverted, but now she is _____ being sociable.A. looking forward toB. going back onC. making a point ofD. standing up to9. Mary broke off her engagement to John when she found him often _____ the pretty girls in hisoffice.A. putting up withB. seeing throughC. making fun ofD. philandering with10. Instead of ending up in jail or _____, she was remarkably successful and became one of thewealthiest people in Britain today.A. in the rawB. in the gutterC. in the extremeD. in the fleshp881. As one of the youngest branch managers in the IT company, Mr. Yang is certainly on the_____ of a brilliant career.A. trackB. marginC. courseD. threshold2. In _____ times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.A. primeB. primaryC. primitiveD. preliminary3. While it's true that techniques of active listening can _____ the value of lecture, few studentspossess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.A. enhanceB. enlargeC. accessD. exaggerate4. In the library, I found Dabbie was frowning, apparently _____ a word.A. tumbled toB. collided withC. coincided withD. stumped on5. Fierce storms have been _____ rescue efforts and there's now little chance of finding moresurvivors.A. hamperingB. bewilderingC. tanglingD. blundering6. They didn't even give him any sick-pay when he was off ill, which is a fairly _____ way totreat an employee.A. vulnerableB. makeshiftC. shoddyD. backhanded7. It must be realized that large price increase can only _____ demands for even larger wageincrease.A. call offB. trigger offC. make offD. carry off8. When the old lady was back from shopping, she was shocked to find that her house had been_____.A. pawnedB. leasedC. ransackedD. mortgaged9. Since this was my first job interview, I asked _____ about the salary.A. discouraginglyB. diffidentlyC. differentiallyD. diffusely10. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.A. vanishedB. abandonedC. scatteredD. disregarded第106页1. As television continued to command the family hours of the evening, radio found its ownprime time hours in the morning with wake-up shows, bright with music and _____, as well as time and weather announcements.A. chitchatB. hyperstimulationC. collaborationD. spur2. At this conference Trudeau admonished the press as“a pretty lousy lot”for _____ into hisprivate life.A. lapsingB. snoopingC. sneezingD. yawning3. The demoralizing effect on the enemy of such bombing and _____ from planes completelyhidden in a clouded sky was tremendous.A. explosivesB. minesC. barrelsD. barrages4. Three schools in Putney have _____ their resources and order to buy an area of waste groundand turn it into a sports field.A. pooledB. capturedC. suckedD. transcended5. The U.S. economy appeared to function on autopilot during much of 1995 with _____mergers that kept the stock market in a tizzy.A. appallingB. anticipatingC. mind-bogglingD. brain-racking6. After Steve entered the room he _____ the satchel on the label and sat down on the sofa infront of the telly.A. plunked downB. plucked outC. ran amokD. pecked out7. The roads tied _____ regions together, moving the goods and people required to build andmaintain extensive public works.A. full-blownB. far-goneC. far-flungD. far-fetched8. Evidence from drawings of that time indicates that the Egyptians used a _____, probably milk,to reduce the sliding friction and thus increase the efficiency of the inclined planes.A. nutritionB. junkC. queryD. lubricant9. Since last Sunday, the volcano has _____ a giant cloud of ash, dust and gases into the air.A. musteredB. demolishedC. forgedD. spewed10. He _____ together a living from several part-time jobs by running sight-seeing charters, andcollecting dry cleaning.A. hauntsB. cobblesC. flattensD. underscoresp1281. The old lady has developed a _____ cough which can't be cured completely in a short time.A. benignB. permanentC. perpetualD. chronic2. The police were alerted that the murderer might still be in the _____.A. roundB. circumstancesC. vicinityD. track3. Listening to the soft tapping of rain on the roof can _____ a person's nervous tension.A. provokeB. sootheC. retainD. revive4. The _____ the farmer gave on his woodland to a lumber company expires in two years' time.A. premiumB. subsidyC. extinctionD. lease5. It's more important to pave the way for children's desire to know than to put them on a diet offacts they are not ready to _____.A. disperseB. assimilateC. alternateD. affiliate6. Those who dwell, as scientists or laymen, among the beauties and mysteries of the earth, arenever alone or _____ of life.A. wearyB. waryC. cautiousD. callous7. If the freed men had become landowners instead of _____ laborers, their descendants wouldbe prosperous today.A. affluentB. stingyC. impoverishedD. gorgeous8. This cream can be used to treat cuts and bruises and other_____ minor injuries.A. floppyB. sundryC. infirmD. murky9. They _____ agreed to the proposal that hostage-taking be made an international crime.A. incompatiblyB. presumablyC. invariablyD. unanimously10. For reasons of personal safety, the man told the police that he wished to remain _____.A. anonymousB. suspiciousC. conspicuousD. rigorous第143页1. The new rule stipulated that a worker who was _____ three times in one month should bedismissed immediately.A. awkwardB. aloofC. clumsyD. tardy2. At the end of the President’s speech, leaders of both parties announced their full support of thedoctrine he had _____.A. complimentedB. enunciatedC. disguisedD. deprived3. Because of its capacity to _____ numerous substances in large amounts, pure water rarelyoccurs in nature.A. sufficeB. dissolveC. withholdD. recognize4. In Austria he met with President Kurt Waldheim, who remained a figure of controversybecause of his reported _____ in Nazi crimes against Jews and others during World War II.A. caricatureB. complicityC. citadelD. protocol5. When we arrived there we saw many red-and-white streamers floating gently into the outfieldgrass, fireworks _____ overhead.A. boomingB. intoningC. squabblingD. mounting6. The bird put his tiny head to one side and looked up at him with his soft bright eye. Then hehopped about and pecked the earth _____, looking for seeds and insects.A. dubiouslyB. lavishlyC. transientlyD. briskly7. John reached for a cigarette and _____ a little. “We did not think anybody would be stubbornenough to come here in spite of our discouragement.”A. overheardB. chuckledC. generalizedD. jeopardized8. For a moment I thought he was being serious, but then he _____ at me.A. intimidatedB. musedC. reflectedD. winked9. Many of the country’s prosecutors feared the proposal was ultimately aimed at curbing theirconsiderable powers and _____ wrongdoers _____.A. patching…upB. picking…outC. letting…off the hookD. brushing…off10. About half of all children in South Asia and one-third of those in sub-Saharan Africa sufferfrom _____, which usually results from an inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals.A. eclipseB. repugnanceC. malnutritionD. revelationp1601. A photograph taken in Bern during Eva Peron's 1947 tour of Europe depicts the _____Argentine first lady, bejeweled and elegantly dressed in a Pads gown.A. spuriousB. glamorousC. clamorousD. proliferous2. Actors on stage bring characters to full life who would _____ have lain inert on the printedpage.A. thereofB. neverthelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise3. Human cloning is probably not _____ because they will be heavily discouraged by manygovernments.A. imminentB. eminentC. efficientD. impeccable4. Snow began to fall at round about the beginning of the New Year and continued on and off for_____ ten days.A. appropriatelyB. exceedinglyC. approximatelyD. apprehensively5. Hungry birds in search of _____ of food made delicate impressions on the surface of thesnow.A. scrapsB. scratchesC. scrapesD. scents6. The glade was pear-shaped, roughly a hundred yards long and fifty yards wide, with a _____pool of rain-water in the center of it.A. randomB. blankC. hollowD. stagnant7. Geraldo's reports exposed the _____ conditions and neglectful, often abusive, treatment of thepatients in the hospital.A. tertiaryB. stationaryC. solitaryD. unsanitary8. After endless difficulty, we managed to catch the horse, but could not get him move and wereobliged to camp in a most _____ spot where we could not light a fire.A. inevitableB. indispensableC. inhabitableD. insatiable9. It's curious how often sympathy for the old and _____ takes a form which actually humiliatesthem.A. infirmB. infamousC. impatientD. ignorant10. After we had waited for ten minutes in the crowded tea shop, the clergyman's son came _____through the door.A. lumberingB. plunderingC. glitteringD. rumbling第178页1. Dissatisfaction with the Labor government now seems to have _____ every section of society.A. heraldedB. permeatedC. conceivedD. scrutinized2. We know these chemicals are dangerous, but their benefits far _____ any risk to theenvironment.A. overtakeB. manipulateC. stockD. outweigh3. All previous attempts to _____ the fighting have failed so why should these proposals be anymore successful?A. compromiseB. haltC. withstandD. sustain4. The president and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a _____ for continuedeconomic reform.A. mandateB. assertionC. discourseD. determinism5. She is not satisfied with her job because it provides no _____ for her energies and talents.A. conceptionB. outreachC. outletD. essentialism6. John has been _____ me with drinks all evening—I don’t think I am capable of driving home.A. shiftingB. offeringC. plyingD. crushing7. My second and more _____ reason for going to Dearborn was to see the Henry Ford Museum.A. compellingB. wearyC. perplexingD. worthy8. Scotland’s _____ on Wales in the second half of the match earned them a 4-1 victory.A. impositionB. onslaughtC. pushD. edge9. By the time I left his house he had become pretty hostile; I felt I _____ better than that.A. pursuedB. fosteredC. entitledD. deserved10. Today almost every household has radios, TVs and a whole _____ of gadgets by electricity.A. endeavorB. hostC. supplyD. facultyp1931. Taking more than the recommended dose of tablets is quite _____.A. hilariousB. perilousC. surreptitiousD. hideous2. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the ills that _____ men and women.A. beseechB. bestowC. bewitchD. beset3. The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks—that is, _____ women andmen with little or no medical knowledge.A. disreputableB. disguisedC. distinguishedD. dissoluble4. The reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans is that there is sharpdifference in appearance between them and their white _____.A. consultantsB. counterpartsC. culpritsD. conservatives5. All the questions _____ around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.A. resolvedB. revokedC. revolvedD. revived6. We tried to drive our horse into the river, but he simply could not _____.A. trudgeB. surgeC. budgeD. dredge7. The experiments _____ that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behavenormally.A. defiedB. verifiedC. purifiedD. intensified8. The aim of the president's speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the greatnecessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that _____ terrorists.A. kidnappedB. harassedC. heckledD. harbored9. In other words, we discovered a _____ of effects from the power failure, each becoming thecause of the next.A. successionB. recessionC. processionD. secession10. In establishing or _____ a causal relation, it is usually necessary to show the process by whichthe alleged cause produces the effect.A. reframingB. redeemingC. refutingD. redressingp2091. We looked out across a river valley to the broad snow-white ridge of Mount Ararat, its peak_____ against the blue sky.A. galvanizingB. exhilaratingC. incandescentD. unreachable2. Would you care for some tea, or even a light meal, to _____ yourself before setting off for anew adventure?A. colorB. foregoC. boostD. fortify3. The company she was working for was failing so she decided to _____ and set up her ownbusiness with a friend.A. deal outB. bail outC. hold outD. fall out4. Fisher was given a _____ in the marketing section before a decision was made about hisfuture.A. tryoutB. momentumC. convictionD. permissiveness5. This is one of the few jobs you can do in this place and _____ being completely drunk.A. contribute toB. get away withC. make forD. try on6. The lieutenant general has got such an enormous _____ —I've never known anyone so full ofthemselves!A. humilityB. illusionC. altruismD. ego7. Before becoming a _____ director, Jason had worked as a film critic for a magazine for anumber of years.A. full blownB. lovelornC. grown upD. rootless8. According to a survey of 250 high schools, the _____ rate among students is currently one infive.A. alterationB. dropoutC. impulseD. denial9. Please don't be so depressed; I'm sure things will start to _____ for the motor trade in thecoming year.A. look upB. dredge upC. take holdD. sell out10. After a heated debate, the Parliament voted to impose a two-year _____ on nuclear weaponstesting.A. curfewB. strainC. settlementD. moratoriump2251. Even in those schools, which have tried to enforce no smoking by _____ punishment, there'sas much smoking as in other schools.A. cordialB. contingentC. convertibleD. corporal2. People who have such an addiction are _____; i.e., they have a very powerful psychologicalneed that they feel they must satisfy.A. compulsoryB. compulsiveC. comprehensiveD. consistent3. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less sociablethan inhabitants of countries where the climate is more _____.A. excessiveB. equivalentC. equableD. exquisite4. Jill was seriously injured and for days he _____ between life and death.A. hoveredB. hewedC. hobbledD. huddled5. Professor Smith has already retired, but his teachings still _____ a strong influence on hisstudents.A. executeB. forsakeC. exertD. forge6. This is but a _____ of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.A. frictionB. fractionC. factionD. fracture7. The country has been faced with a _____ problem of unemployment since the newly-electedPresident came into power.A. saggingB. joggingC. loggingD. nagging8. The English language is capable of expressing many subtle _____ of meanings.A. shallowsB. sermonsC. shadesD. shadows9. It's established that everyone has over a thousand dreams a year, however, few of these _____productions are remembered during waking hours.A. tacitB. stringentC. nocturnalD. mawkish10. The belief that you should own your house is deeply _____ in British society.A. ingrainedB. inflictedC. afflictedD. enragedp2401. Chris decided to divorce Pat because he often _____ a girl young enough to be his daughter.A. brought upB. stood up forC. took advantage ofD. played around with2. Generations of women in this part of the world were _____ by poverty, by religion and bytradition.A. acquiredB. undergoneC. enslavedD. bolstered3. My neighbor is always complaining about his secondhand ear--he doesn't know when he's_____.A. celebratedB. well offC. deceptiveD. well-founded4. It is becoming abundantly clear that, unless I make some determined move, I will become apermanent _____ in the machine.A. cogB. modelC. victimD. conductor5. The recent fall in house prices has _____ disaster for many people who want to sell theirhouses.A. speltB. avertedC. resolvedD. transformed6. I told my sister I'd lend her my new shirt if she let me borrow her jacket, but she didn't rise tothe _____.A. baitB. maskC. obligationD. compromise7. My husband ate a _____ breakfast before he set off for his remote farmhouse.A. primeB. heartyC. convenientD. heady8. Yesterday morning when she said she was going to leave him for good, he thought it was onlya _____.A. blissB. sacrificeC. bluffD. consequence9. Alice was _____ with grief when she heard her husband died in a plane crash.A. above herselfB. in touchC. in lineD. beside herself10. Due to an _____ by my bank, there was less money in my account than there should havebeen.A. intentB. oversightC. indecisionD. engagementp2561. We are now in a world where the speed at which you distribute information often means thedifference between success and failure, and immediacy _____ quality.A. supervisesB. supplementsC. supersedesD. scandalizes2. A teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitude because her influence can be _____ if shehas personal prejudices.A. delectableB. deleteriousC. meritoriousD. deliberate3. The _____ anthropologist George Murdock has listed seventy-three items that characterizeevery known culture, past and present.A. eminentB. imminentC. reminiscentD. legitimate4. These computer hackers skip school and lose contact with friends; they may even _____personal hygiene.A. forgeB. furrowC. forgoD. fortify5. Education _____ the conviction that you can always learn something new.A. installsB. instillsC. fulfillsD. imbues6. Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of _____.A. immigrationB. extinctionC. distinctionD. extraction7. Jane was in a _____ as to whether to marry Paul, who was poor, or Charles, who was ugly.A. paradoxB. stigmaC. dilemmaD. predication8. Most public places are simply not _____ to the needs of people with a physical handicap.A. desertedB. dwelledC. motivatedD. geared9. People who like to wear red dresses are more likely to be talkative and _____.A. vivaciousB. introvertedC. lucrativeD. perilous10. The _____ who had isolated himself from the outside world for over ten years was found deadin his hamlet.A. miserB. hermitC. pauperD. vegetarian274页。
复旦大学博士入学英语模拟试题附答案
复旦大学博士入学英语试题Part IV ocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: Three are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰwith a single line through the center.1. Although it is only a small business, its _________ is surprisingly high.A. turn-upB. turn-overC. turn-aboutD. turn-out2. Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just _________ in this life.A. demandsB. gainsC. desertsD. wins3. That contract about which we had a disagreement last month, has now gone __________.A. throughB. downC. overD. around4. The _______ of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.A. upsurgeB. upshotC. upturnD. upkeep5. _________ through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale.A. LeashB. RummageC. FlutterD. Scrape6. How about a glass of orange juice to________ your thirst.A. quashB. QuellC. QuenchD. quieten7. Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always ___________ her place.A. missingB. slippingC. botheringD. losing8. She was putting on her watch when the _________ broke and it fell to the ground.A. beltB. stringC. tieD. strap9. I washed this dress and the color_________.A. flowedB. escapedC. ranD. removed10. The recent economic crisis has brought about a _________ in world trade.A. sagB. tiltC. droopD. slump11. Although we decorated the room only six months ago, the paint on the ceiling is already _________ because of the damp.A. crumblingB. flakingC. disintegratingD. splintering12. The false banknotes fooled many people, but they did not _________ to close examination.A. put upB. keep upC. stand upD. look up13. They were making enough noise at the party to wake the ___________.A. deadB. livingC. lunaticD. crippled14. If you would like to send a donation, you can ________a cheque to the organization Feed the Children.A. make upB. make forC. make outD. make off15. The students visited the museum and spent several hours with the________, who was very helpful.A. curatorB. bursarC. commissionerD. steward16. The accused man was able to prove his innocence at the trial and was __________.A. absolvedB. acquittedC. pardonedD. executed17. Mary was extremely lucky: when her great-uncle died, she __________ a fortune.A. came byB. came overC. came intoD. came through18. The drunken couple did nothing to keep the flat clean and tidy and lived in the utmost __________.A. decayB. contaminationC. squalorD. confinement19. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _________ slightly in the afternoon.A. recoveredB. recuperatedC. retrievedD. regained20. He tries to __________ himself with everyone by paying them compliments.A. pleaseB. ingratiateC. placateD. remunerate21. I was afraid to open the door lest the beggar _________ me.A. followedB. were to followC. followD. would follow22. By the end of the day the flood water which had covered most of the town had __________.A. reversedB. retiredC. returnedD. receded23. Educational policies made _________ the hoof by successive secretaries of state are the main reason for low teacher morale.A. inB. onC. byD. along24. It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came_________ down the street.A. toddlingB. hobblingC. lopingD. staggering25. He was a generous friend but as a businessman he __________ a hard bargain.A. dealtB. contractedC. droveD. faked26. My friend’s son, who is a soldier, was delighted when he was __________ only a few miles from home.A. placedB. stationedC. deportedD. exorcized27. In a coal-mining area, the land tends to __________causing damage to roads and buildings.A. subsideB. diminishC. confiscateD. cede28. As the cat lay asleep, dreaming, whiskers __________.A. twitchedB. twistedC. jerkedD. jogged29. The total __________ from last month’s charity dance were far more than expected.A. earningsB. acquisitionsC. proceedsD. subsidies30. The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he __________them all in his stride.A. overlookedB. obtainedC. tackledD. tookPart IIReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage oneResale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sale of “branded” goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers’ purchases, and it has led to a great deal of controversy.Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who try to create a special ‘image’ in the minds of possible purchasers—an image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find it worthwhile to sell one brand at ‘cut’ prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been ‘cut’ fears that the retailer may be tempted to reduce the services on this article; but, even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled, and is unwilling to pay the ‘standard’ price of the article because he feels that he is being ‘done’. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him his market in the long run.It is sometimes said also that the housewife—who is the principal buyer of most of these goods—prefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and is saved the bother of goingfrom shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its branded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups of customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and what proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distribution—chain stores, department stores, co-operative stores, independent or unit shops, supermarkets, mail-order houses, and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that this is only half the story. Theefficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better service—long credit, or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistants—and can do this without imperiling the long-term interests of the manufacturer.31. Manufactures oppose retailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think __________.A. retailers may eventually stop selling their productsB. it may reduce customers’ confidence in their productsC. customers may feel uneasy when prices varyD. it may sometimes lead to poor service32 Supporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by __________.A. allowing customers time to payB. hiring assistants for long hours and low wagesC. advertising much more effectivelyD. establishing long-term relations with manufactures33. By saying “He feels that he is being ‘done’”, the author means that customer thinks__________.A. someone is despising himB. someone is maltreating himC. someone is blackmailing himD. someone is cheating him34. “Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Good service other than price is important in attracting customers.B. An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance.C. Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify.D. Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less likely to fluctuate35. The sentence “She knows where she is” in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as “__________”.A. She knows her placeB. She knows her stuffC. She feels secureD. She feels intoxicatedPassage twoHe built a hut on a piece of rough land near a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melioand said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They showed him how to bunt by laying traps and digging. In time Melio’s piece of land became a regular farm. He had wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season.The Parakanas were always around him. He’d never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison; they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearing’s edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but charming habit of taking a pace back from him, just one odd step backwards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melio’s hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away. They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.36. It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves __________.A. reminded him of his house in the town far awayB. prevented the Parakanas from watching himC. helped him to forget the world he hatedD. protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town37. The Chief’s comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that __________.A. he did not trust MelioB. it was unwise to go too close to MelioC. he believed Melio hated the ParakanasD. he thought Melio was out of his mind38. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B. Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldn’t escape being watched.C. Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what he had in store.D. The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels.39. To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed __________.A. odd but hatefulB. strange but attractiveC. unhealthy but friendlyD. cowardly but sociable40. It can be concluded from the passage that the place described by the author was __________.A. far removed from civilizationB. impossible to cultivateC. the home of Melio’s Indian relativesD. wet all the year roundPassage threeWhen he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother. There she was, a little yellow dot under an umbrella that looked like a piece of orange-skin. He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.On the other side of the bay was a loose scattering of rocks. Above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes. They came running, their bodies bare, down to the rocks. Jerry swam towards them, and kept his distance a little way off. They were off that coast, all of them burned smooth dark brown, and speaking a language he did not understand. To be with them, of them, was a feeling that filled his whole body. He swam a little closer; they turned and watched him with narrowed, attentive dark eyes. Then one smiled and waved. It was enough. In a minute he had swum in and was on the rocks beside them, smiling with extreme nervousness. They shouted cheerful greetings at him, and then, as he preserved his nervous, puzzled smile, they understood that he was a foreigner who had wandered from his own part of the sands, and they promptly forgot him. But he was happy. He was with them.They began diving again and again from a high point into a well of blue sea between rough, pointed rocks. After they had dived and come up, they swam round, pulled themselves up, and waited their turn to dive again. They were big boys-men to Jerry. He dived, and they watched him, and when he swam round to take his place, they made way for him. He felt he was accepted and he dived again carefully proud of himself.Soon the biggest of the boys balanced himself, shot down into the water, and did not come up. The others stood about watching. Jerry, after waiting for the smooth brown head to appear, let out a cry of warning; they looked at him idly and turned their eyes back towards the water. After a long time, the boy came up on the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spitting, and giving a shout of satisfaction, immediately, the rest of them dived in. One moment the morning seemed full of boys as noisy as a crowd of monkeys; the next, the air and the surface of the water were empty. But through the heavy blue, dark shapes could be seen moving and searching.Jerry dived, shot past the school of underwater swimmers, saw a black wall of rocktowering over him, touched it, and shop up at once to the surface, where the rock formed a low wall he could see across. There was no one in sight; under him, in the water, the shadowy shapes of the swimmers had disappeared. Then one and then another of the boys came up on the far side of the wall of rock, and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it. He dived down again. He could see nothing through the stinging salt water but the solid rock. When he came up, the boys were all on the diving rock, preparing to attempt the trick again. And now, overcome with a sense of failure, he shouted up in English: “Look at me! Look!” and he began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog.41. It can be concluded from the passage that __________.A. Jerry was not a good swimmerB. Jerry failed to gain acceptance by the other boysC. Jerry was on holiday abroadD. Jerry was not on good terms with his mother42. The word “bare” in Paragraph 2 means__________.A. in disguiseC. in the gutterB. in the limelightD. in the raw43. At the beginning, Jerry was swimming__________.A. into the little bayB. too far out to see his motherC. near to the group of boysD. further out to see than the rock44. What happened to the biggest boy?A. He had been trying to stay under water as long as possible.B. He had swum through a hole in the rock under the water.C. He had been trying to do the highest dive.D. He had played a trick on Jerry.45. Jerry splashed and kicked in the water because_________.A. he was pretending to be drowningB. he wanted to amuse all the other boysC. he hadn’t been able to do what the other boys had doneD. he wanted the other boys to listen to what he was sayingPassage fourPeter Sellers wouldn’t be allowed his career today. All those funny racial stereotypes—the caricatured frogs, wops, yids and goodness-gracious-me Pakis—are in clear breach of the codes of political correctness.His lewd disguises and overdone accents belong with black-and-white minstrel shows and clog-dancing—it’s the comedy of yesteryear.Have you tried listening to The Goon Show lately? It is a reworking of The Gang Show, excruciatingly bad and dated, and full of explosions, gunfire and jokes about Hitler and the War.Nonetheless, Sellers continue to obsess people. He’s already been the subject of biographies galore, including, back in 1994, a 1,200-page magnum opus by myself, which is now being turned into a biopic starring Geoffrey Rush.The appeal lies in the mythic dimensions of Sellers’ story. He had everything and it wasn’t enough. He was a comedian with a tragic inability to enjoy life. He was world-famous and desperately lonely. At the weight of his fame, as Inspector Clouseau, his eccentricity tipped over the edge into genuine insanity. He was a basket case.This is irresistible material. Sellers’ subversive and immoderate behaviour puts him in a class of his own. Picture my disappointment with Ed Sikov’s tome, therefore. Here’s a thick book that tells us nothing new.For newcomers to Sellers, however, Mr. Strangelove is a perfect digest of the man’s life and work, briskly told. Sellers was descended from a family of bare-knuckle East End prize-fighters, although his parents were music hall entertainers. His clinging whining mother, Peg, was a quick-change artiste and his father, Bill, was a ukulele player and soft-shoe-shuffle merchant.The young Peter was raised in the ghostly, twilight world of shabby theatres and end-of-the-pier revues: dog acts, acrobatic midgets, incompetent conjurors and gypsy violinists. To go from these origins and become as big as The Beatles, as he was in the Sixties, is an amazing feat.Sellers spent the Second World War in the Air Force, impersonating officers and playing the drums to entertain the troops. When he was demobbed he worked in holiday camps and began getting spots on radio, culminating in The Goon Show. He dubbed the voices of Churchill and Humphrey Bogart on film soundtracks, and it was while hanging about the studios that he was offered walk-on roles.His breakthrough came with the part of a teddy boy in The Ladykillers, a film that improves with each viewing. This led to the role of Fred Kite, the shaven-headed, belligerent shop steward in I’m All Right, Jack which won him a British Academy Best Actor statuette. When Peter Ustinov dropped out of The Pink Panther on a Friday, Sellers flew to the set in Rome on Monday to replace him. The rest is history.Or notoriety. Sellers’ descent into madness was swift. He got rid of his wife and children and chased after Britt Ekland, whom he pounced on in The Dorchester and married ten days later. He took drugs to enhance his potency, and this precipitated a heart attack. Having worked on Dr Strangelove during the day, each evening he locked himself in the bathroom and threatened to commit suicide. Bryan Forbes and Nanette Newman had to come over and talk to him trough the door. He then decided he wanted to marry Nanette. He also wanted to marry Sophia Loren, PrincessMargaret and Liza Minnelli.His misbehavior and unprofessionalism cost film studios millions of dollars. Sets had to be repainted and costumes remade if they were purple or green-colors of which he was morbidly superstitious.He enjoyed messing about during filming and blowing his lines; he pulled guns on people. He walked off Casino Royale and was discovered in Britt Ekland’s mother’s house in Sweden. Meanwhile, Orson Welles and the rest of the cast were in full make-up and on full pay back at Pinewood, waiting for him to reappear.Sellers was happy only in the company of his gadgets, cameras and fast cars, which he’d replace or abandon with manic frequency. At one of his weddings, the maids of honor were the bride’s dogs. He was also selfish in the extreme: when his relationships broke up, he’d send his henchmen round to retrieve his gifts.46. People are still obsessed with Peter Sellers because___________.A. he was a geniusB. he was as big as The BeatlesC. his life was full of drama and contradictionD. he led a very austere life47. By saying “He was a basket case”, the author means that Peter Sellers was___________.A. handicappedB. derangedC. impetuousD. callous48. According to the passage, Peter Sellers took drugs to improve___________.A. his theatrical performanceB. his breathtaking performanceC. his walk-on roles on the stageD. his performance sexually49. The “galore” in paragraph 4 means ___________.A. numerousB. anecdotalC. criticalD. unauthorized50. Peter Sellers can be described as__________.A. unpredictable but generousB. talented but unstableC. sane but selfishD. eccentric but reliablePaper TwoPart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is, of course, that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech. Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chimps to talk have met with51no success. Verbal language represents a truly gigantic step forward in man’s52.Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls, and these certainly serve to convey some types of information. When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks; other chimps53the vicinity instantly become aware of the food source and hurry to join in. An attacked chimpanzee screams and this may alert his mother or a friend, either of54may hurry to his aid. A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again, other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening. A male chimpanzee, about to enter a valley or charge toward a food source, utters his pant-hoots and other individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify55one. To our human56each chimpanzee is characterized more by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call. This is significant since the pant-hoot in particular is the call that serves tomaintain contact, between the separated groups of the community. Yet the chimps57can certainly recognize individuals by other calls; for instance a mother knows the scream of her offspring. Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintances.While chimpanzee calls58serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals, they cannot for the most part be compared59a spoken language. Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas; he can benefit from the experiences of others60having to be present at the time; he can make intelligent cooperative plans.Part ⅣTranslation (20%)Directions: Put the following passage into English.人类是一个不断的自然的进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断过。
复旦大学考博英语词汇试题及参考资料
⼀、根据复旦⼤学华慧教育纲规定,每年词汇题共30⼩题，每⼩题0.5分，共15分。
预计测试时间（25分钟）211. The drowning child was saved by Dick's __ action.[ A ] acute [ B ] alert[ C ] profound [ D ] prompt212. We should always keep in mind that __ decisions often lead to bitter iegrets.[ A ] urgent [ B ] hasty[ C] instant [ D ] prompt213. The current general slackness of the market has prevented us from new orders with you.[ A ] placing [ B ] putting[ C ] arranging [ D ] providing214. He pointed out that the living standard of urban and __ people continued to improve.[ A ] remote [ B ] municipal[ C ] rural [ D ] provincial215. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women __ this field is climbing.[ A ] engaging [ B ] devoting[ C ] registering [ D ] pursuing216. When they had finished playing, the children were made to all the toys they had takenout.[ A ] pat off [ B ] put out[ C ] put up [ D ] put away217. Jack was about to announce our plan but I[ A ] cut him short [ B ] turned him out[ C ] gave him up [ D ] put him through218. It was felt that be lacked the __ to pursue a difficult task to the very end.[ A ] petition [ B ] engagement[ C ] commitment [ D ] qualification219. When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to her umbrella.[ A ] carry [ B ] fetch[ C ] bring [ D ] reach220. An agreement was __ last Friday by the two parties.[ A ] arrived at [ B ] arrived in[ C ] occurred [ D ] realized221. if I take this medicine twice a day, it should __ my cold.[ A ] heal [ B ] cure[ C ] treat [ D ] recover222. If you know what the trouble is, why don't you help them to __ the situation?[ A ] simplify. [ B ] modify[ C ] verify [ D ] rectify223. The lost car of the Lees was found __ in the woods off the highway.[ A ] vanished [ B ] scattered[ C ] abandoned [ D ] rejected224. The story that follows __ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountain gold rush days.[ A ] concerns [ B ] states[ C ] proclaims [ D ] relates225. The government regulations that put this archeological site under protection.[ A ] published [ B ] issued[ C ] discharged [ D ] released226. He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any __ on what he promises.[ A ] faith [ B ] belief[ C] credit [ D ] reliance227. The branches could hardly the weight of the fruit.[ A ] retain [ B ] sustain[ C ] maintain [ D ] remain228. The strong wind with sand comes from the hill in front of their house.[ A ] empty [ B ] isolated[ C ] bare [ D ] remote229. Men's never-ceasing for knowledge continues to broaden our understanding of the earth's atmosphere.[ A ] request [ B ] quest[ C ] investigation [ D ] research230. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to __ healthy.[ A ] preserve [ B ] stay[ C ] maintain [ D ] reserve231. The salesman's annoyed the old lady, but finally she gave up.[ A ] endurance [ B ] assistance[ C ] persistence [ D ] resistance232. A neat letter improves your chances of a favorable _-[ A ] circumstance [ B ] request[ C ] reception [ D ] response233. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly Oil[ A ] consciousness [ B ] impulse[ C ] instinct [ D ] response234. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary __ for reason-ing.[ A ] resource [ B ] resolution[ C ] requirement [ D ] response235. The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six __ libraries specially servethe countryside.[ A ] mobile [ B ] drifting[ C ] shifting [ D ] rotating236. He does nothing that __ the interests of the collective.[ A ] runs for [ B ] runs against[ C ] runs over [ D ] runs into237. Old Americans are extremely reluctant to buy on __ and likely to save as much money as pos-sible.[ A ] debt [ B ] credit[ C ] deposit [ D ] sale238. In my opinion, you can widen the __ of these improvements through your active participation.[ A ] dimension [ B ] volume[ C ] magnitude [ D ] scope239. Have you a funny __ or unusual experience that you would like to share.'?[ A ] amusement [ B ] incident[ C ] accident [ D ] section240. No one needs to feel awkward in __ his own customs.[ A ] pursuing [ B ] following[ C ] chasing [ D ] seeking。
2014年复旦大学英语翻译基础考研真题,考研参考书,考研招生信息,答案解析
1/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
复旦大学（回忆+原题）翻译硕士英语1.填空题2.改错3.选择（多是基础的语法题）4.阅读理解4篇，20小题5.作文：language 题目自编，内容围绕language 的不同作用。
英语翻译基础1.词汇翻译Desertification catch-22non-proliferation CPI GNP2/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2SOHOcyberspace industial dispute installment payment 双赢安乐死载人空间站试管婴儿试婚闭路电视收视率物联网2.英译汉：说的是一个作家3.汉译英：是中国文化吸收外来文化的题目百科知识和汉语写作1.短语解释David Cameron 论语莎士比亚神舟七号上海世博会G20（去年也考过）Euro Tunnel DNA 严复次级贷款君主立宪3/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 3Encyclopaedia Britannica 奥巴马经济全球化Mayflowera nation on wheels 全球变暖低碳经济科学发展观生态难民超级细菌蔡元培2.小作文两题可选第一题是写扩招英语翻译专业学生的申请书第二题是举办英语竞赛，向学生征稿的启事。
3.大作文针对一篇新闻报道写感想，报道是关于学生招聘会的，是在武汉的招聘会，有的学生不敢投复旦北大这些学校，等等。
题目自拟。
4/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：4政治【学科概述】不用因为政治纷繁复杂的知识点而担心政治会不过线，只要肯下功夫，60分是很容易达到的。
2014年全国医学考博英语精彩试题
2014年全国医学考博英语精彩试题2014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, youwill hear a question about what is said, The question willbe read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the bestanswers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1.A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2.A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all hertroubles.3.A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He won’t complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldn’t be worse.4.A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5.A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.6.A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7.A. John likes gambling.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8.A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9.A. She’s an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10.A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11.A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12.A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13.A. It is only a cough.B. It’s a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. It’s extremely serious.14.A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15.A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions.After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16.A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17.A. He can’t play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has cancer.18.A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19.A. To see if he has cancer. B. T o see if hehas depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if hehas a food allergy problem.20.A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21.A. The cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22.A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23.A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24.A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25.A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Women’s active metabolic rate.D. Women’s smaller airways.Passage Two26.A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27.A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28.A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29.A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the IndianOcean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30.A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health – remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes thesentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’s emptying,produce a smoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better __________ brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD.consolidate32.The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexicoleft my mind in such a ________ that I couldn’t get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33.Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high bloodpressure, in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those _________ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD.subjected34.Most colds are acquired by children in school and then ___________ toadults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD.relayed35.Several of the most populous nations in the world ________ at the lowerend of the table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD.vibrated36.Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _______,even though the concept has been around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD.endeavors37.Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation fora long timemay weaken the immune system, ________ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38.The mayor candidate’s personality traits, being modest and generous,_______ people in his favor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39.With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chihas a strong ________ to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD.implication40.If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _______ earlythan even a fraction of a minute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD.favorablySection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose the word or phrase which can best keepthemeaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.All Nobel Prize winners’success is a process of long-termaccumulation, in which lasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42.The Queen’s presence imparted an ai r of elegance to the drinksreception at Buckingham Palace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD.emitted43.Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growingchildren in the form of mental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44.The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to differentdistances has been applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyD. cast45.Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressureof religious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46.When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliteratethe original composition by painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substituteD. compile47.For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored theconstruction program of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD.decomposed48.Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards ofmarital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityD.stability49.The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not givinghim a full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD.brutal50.She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a wholemorning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as test subjects.It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It’s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I’d rather wait until it’s proven before giving up that part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer’s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer’s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic __56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things.__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Theircognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it’s hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive __59__ for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer’s means mobile phones __60__ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And it’s sure there are negative as well as this one positive.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory makingmedical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. Thatneeds to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturingzones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair tradein the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us ________.A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to thepassage, ________.A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy thetools of their trade, they should ___________.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is ___________.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from thedeveloping world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that ___________.A. the scientific community should stand up for all humanityB. the prime value of scientists’ work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’ eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify.The confusion is evident form New Scientist’s analysis of whether public perceptions of compani es’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, for example. There arevoluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water sue. In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soaked Ireland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.Similar problems bedevil “green”labels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council shows the way forward. Its criter ia come from the IEEE, the world’s leading professional association for technology/ Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Developing rigorous standards for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then market forces will drive companies to clean up their acts.Let’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Befo re we can have a green economy we need a green information economy – and it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.66. “The confusion” at the beginning of the 2nd paragraph refers to ________.A. where to spend or invest in a sustainable wayB. an array of consumer products to chooseC. a fog of unreliable green informationD. little information on eco-credibility67. From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases ________.A. eco-credibility is abusedB. a green economy is crucialC. an environmental impact is lessenedD. green credentials promote green economy68. From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products, the author argues that ________.A. eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufacturesB. neither scientists nor manufactures are honestC. it is vital to build a green economyD. better information is critical69. To address the issue, the author is crying for ________.A. transparent corporate managementB. establishing sustainability indexesC. tough academic-led surveillanceD. strict legal weapons70. Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?A. The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.B. It is time for another green revolution.C. Information should be free for all.D. No quantity, no quality.Passage ThreePeople are extraordinarily skilled at spotting cheats – much better than they are detecting rule-breaking that does not involve cheating. A study showing just how good we are at thisadds weight to the theory that our exceptional brainpower arose through evolutionary pressures to acquire specific cognitive skills.The still-controversial idea that humans have specialized decision-making systems in addition to generalized reasoning has been around for decades. Its advocates point out that the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionarily, since cheats risk undermining the social interactions in which people trade goods or services for mutual benefit.The test whether we have a special ability to reason about cheating, Leda Cosmides, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California,Santa Barbara, and her colleagues used a standard psychological test called the Wason selection task, which tests volunteers’ ability to reason about “if/then” statements.The researchers set up scenarios in which they asked undergraduate volunteers to imagine they were supervising workers sorting appliances for admission to two schools; a good one in a district where school taxes are high, and a poor one in an equally wealthy, but lightly taxed district. The hypothetical workers were supposed to follow a rule that specified “if a student is admitted to the good school”, they must live in t he highly taxed district.Half the time, the test subjects were told that the workers had children of their own applying to the schools, thus having a motive to cheat; the rest of the time they were told the workers were merely absent-minded and sometimes made innocent errors. Then the test subjects were asked how they would verify that the workers were not breaking the rule.Cosmides found that when the “supervisors” thought theywere checking for innocent errors, just 9 of 33, or 27 percent, got the right answer –looking for a student admitted to the good school who did not live in the highly taxed district. In contrast, when the supervisors thought they were watching for cheats, they did much better, with 23 of 34, or 68 percent, getting the right answer.This suggests that people are, indeed, more adept at spotting cheat than at detecting mere rule-breaking, Cosmides said. “Any cues that it’s just an innocent mistake actually inactivate the detection mechanism.”Other psychologists remain skeptical of thi s conclusion. “If you want to conclude that therefore there’s a module in the mind for detecting cheaters, I see zero evidence for that,” says Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientists at Brown University in Province, Rhode Island. “It’s certainly possible that it’s something we learned through experience. There’s no evident that it’s anything innate.”71. The findings of the study were in favor of ____________.A. the highly developed skills of cheating at schoolB. the relation between intelligence and evolutionC. the phenomenon of cheating at schoolD. the human innate ability to cheat72. The test “supervisors” appeared to be more adept at ________.A. spotting cheats than detecting mere rule-breakingB. detecting mere rule-breaking than spotting cheatsC. spotting their own children cheating than others doing itD. detecting cheats in the highly taxed district than in the lightly taxed one73. When she says that …that can’t be the only thing goingon in themind, Cosmides most probably implies that ________.A. cheating is highly motivated in the social interactionsB. our specific cognitive skills can serve an evolutionary purposeC. there is no such a mental thing as a specialized decision-making systemD. the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionary74. In response to Cosmides’ claim, Sloman would say that ________.A. it was of great possibilityB. it could be misleadingC. it was unbelievableD. it’s acquired75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Cheating at SchoolB. Cheating as the Human NatureC. Imaginary Intelligence and CheatingD. Intelligence Evolved to Root Out CheatsPassage FourFor many environmentalists, all human influence on the planet is bad. Many natural scientists implicitly share this outlook. This is not unscientific, but it can create the impression that greens and environmental scientists are authoritarian tree-huggers who value nature above people. That doesn’t play well with mainstream society, as the apparent backlash against climate science reveals.Environmentalists need to find a new story to tell. Like it ornot, we now live in the anthropocene (人类世) – an age in which humans are perturbing many of the planet’s natural systems, from the water cycle to the acidity of the oceans. We cannot wish that away; we must recognize it and manage our impacts.Johan Rockstrom, head of the Stockholm Environment Institute in Sweden, and colleagues have distilled recent research on how Earth systems work into a list of nine “planetary boundaries” that we must stay within to live sustainably. It is preliminary work, and many will disagree with where the boundaries are set. But the point is to offer a new way of thinking about our relationship with the environment – a science-based picture that accepts a certain level of human impact and even allows us some room to expand. The result is a breath of fresh air: though we are already well past three of the boundaries, we haven’t trashed the place yet.It is in the same spirit that we also probe the basis for key claims in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2007 report on climate impacts. This report has been much discussed since our revelations about its unsubstantiated statement on melting Himalayan glaciers. Why return to the topic? Because there is a sense that the IPCC shares the same anti-human agenda and, as a result, is too credulous of unverified numbers. While the majority of the report is assuredly rigorous, there is no escaping the fact that parts of it make claims that go beyond the science.For example, the chapter on Africa exaggerates a claim about crashes in farm yields, and also highlights projections of increased water stress in some regions while ignoring projections in the same study that point to reduced water stress in other regions. There errors are not trifling. They are among the。
复旦大学考博英语阅读理解模拟题及答案
复旦大学考博英语阅读理解模拟题及答案Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault(断层),whichconstantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes.But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid faultin Missouri?Between December of1811and February of1812,three majorearthquakes occurred,all centered around the town of New Madrid,Missouri,on the Mississippi River.Property damage was severe.Buildings in the area were almost destroyed.Whole forests fell atonce,and huge cracks opened in the ground,allowing smell ofsulfur(硫磺)to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character,Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi developing suddenrapids and whirlpools.Several times it changed its course,and once,according to some observers,it actually appeared to runbackwards.Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes,probably simply because few people lived in the area in1811;but theseverity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock wavesrang bells in church towers in Charleston,South Carolina,on thecoast.Buildings shook in New York City,and clocks wer stopped inWashington,D.C.Scientists now know that America's two major faultsare essentially different.The San Andreas is a horizontal boundarybetween two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions.California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches(倾斜)forward.The New Madrid fault,on the other hand,is a vertical fault;at some points,possibly hundreds of millions of years ago,rock was pushed up toward the surface,probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly,the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed,leaving huge cracks.Even now,the rock continues to settle downwards,and sudden sinking motions trigger(触发)earthquakes in the region.The fault itself,a large crack in this layer of rock,with dozens of other cracks that split off from it,extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since1811;these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming,but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen a large earthquake will occur.11.This passage is mainly about.A)the New Madrid fault in Missouri B)the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC)the causes of faults D)current scientific knowledge about faults12.The New Madrid fault is.A)a horizontal faultB)a vertical faultC)a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD)responsible for forming the Mississippi River13.We may conclude from the passage that.A)it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB)the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC)California will become an island in futureD)A big earthquake will occur to California soon14.This passage implies that.A)horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults.B)Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC)Earthquakes occur only around fault areasD)California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake15.As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph,the word essentially means.A)greatly C)basically B)extremely D)necessarilyPassage31.B2.B3.A4.C5.C本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
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2014年复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartΙVocabulary and structure （15 point）Directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEETΙwith a single line through the center.1. To celebrate innovations and inspire budding entrepreneurs，the famous library is telling the story behind 15 of what it considers the most _______inventions to come out of Britain in the past 10 years.A. ingeniousB. insaneC. ingenuousD. inquisitive2. Globalization carries an ______promise that it will relieve poverty and offer security----perhaps the most ancient of human dreams.A. exquisiteB. equivocalC. implicitD. inflexible3. The fact that your application was not successful this thme does not _______the possibility of your applying again next time.A. precludeB. prejudgeC. predictD. precede4. The pressure on employment will increase gradually and the problem of aging will become more ______.A. contagiousB. deliberateC. conspicuousD. diverse5. She was _______about her son’s safety every time he went out on his motorcycle.A. intensiveB. abusiveC. comprehensiveD. apprehensive6. Our goal is to_______the pace of international movement and steer theconsumer marker towards internationalization.A. harnessB. handleC. highlightD. hamper7. In a world where prodigious sports talents tend to _____higher education altogether for the pros, Tiger Woods chose to continue playing amateur golf at Stanford University as an economics major.A. purifyB. forgeC. pursueD. forgo8. Lots of woman complain that the problem with men is that they won’t ________themselves toa relationship.A. commenceB. promoteC. commiteD. prescribe9. In recent years ,new house sales have slowed down to a crawl, but builders are starting to see sales ______ again.A. pick upB. pick outC. pick onD. pick off10. In a perfect world this would be sufficient, but computers and software can crash, power cam fail, and other unpredictable catastrophic events can _______to erase your work.A. conductB. conspireC. countD. compel11. We shall never know how she came to be there, there is no way to _______it.A. account forB. go overC. hold onD. make up12. We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and ________ attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology.A. weirdB. evasiveC. negligentD. prudent13. Currently, environmental protection has become the common issue that ________the governments of all the countries and people from all walks of life.A. distinguishesB. imitatesC. provokesD. concerns14. Such a shared vision has enabled our economic cooperation to ________and prosper, and has produced new highlights of growth in cooperation.A. reviveB. surviveC. contriveD. thrive15. I t’s never a good idea to _________information from your loved ones, even with the purest of motives.A. degenerateB. withholdC. publicizeD. persuade16. Intentions, whether good or bad, are not a matter of guesswork , they can be ________.A. perceivedB. deceivedC. receivedD. conceived17. Three of the dinner guests don’t eat meat, two are on a diet and just to complic ate matters, the sixth is ________to milk.A. compatibleB. conduciveC. immuneD. allergic18. She must _______ herself to the fact that she must do some work if she wants to pass her exams.A. reconcileB. recognizeC. recollectD. reflect19. For wildlife enthusiasts the journey is ________——the region is renowned for its sea birds.A. worthlessB. wastefulC. worthwhileD. workable20. Nokia, which has made emerging markets a priority, continues to introduce low-cost phones designed for markets where many users do not have ________ to reliable electricity, and may not even be able to read.A. knowledgeB. accessC. priorityD. vision21. Originally the builders gave me a price of $2000, but now they say they ________and it’s going to be at least $3000A. overwhelmedB. underestimatedC. reducedD. exaggerated22. He began forging cheques and at first he ______it but in the end he was caughtand sent to prison.A. got throughB. go backC. got outD. got away with23. The advanced technology which is incorporated into this missile makes it one of the most _______ in the world.A. instrumentalB. audaciousC. ostensibleD. sophisticated24. When toxic fumes from the factory chemical spill began to drift toward our homes, we were told to ______.A. endureB. deterC. evacuateD. deride25. Whether the country approves of President Obama’s actions in handling these latest crises could ______ the rest of his term.A. overshadowB. overturnC. overstateD. overvalue26. The trouble is, as soon as you’ve been given a clean bill of health you’re back at your desk, facing the same situation that le to depression and _________behavior problems in the first plae.A. disturbingB. fragileC. compulsiveD. impeccable27. This rubber ball is very _______and immediately springs back into shape after you’ve squashed it.A. resoluteB. rebelliousC. resilientD. responsive28. Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly ________herself into a radiant star.A. transferB. translateC. transformD. transport29. It wasn’t very_________ of you to drink all the milk when you know I need some for the baby!A. positiveB. considerateC. aggressiveD. considerable30. Even Ch ina’s population will be ________by the early 2030s, according to the UN, which projects that by 2025 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 counties.A. decliningB. increasingC. decreasingD. reducing。