华中农业微生物学第一章英文版
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The first person to accurately observe and describe microorganisms
The first person to observe and describe microorganisms was the amateur microscopist Antony van leeuwenhoek of Delft, Holland.
The discovery of microbial effects on organic and inorganic matter The development of microbiology in this century
The discovery of microorganisms
Antony van Leeuwenhock (1632-1723)
The disease-causing ability of some microbes is well known. However, microorganisms have also provided us with the means of their control in the form of antibiotics and other medically important drugs.
1µm-several meters
Acellular Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote
1.2 The importance of microbiology
Microbes impinge on all aspects of life, just a few of these are listed below:
lensபைடு நூலகம்
Object being viewed
adjusting screws
A drawing of one of the microscopes showing the lens a; mounting pin b; and focusing screws c and d.
1.4 The history of microbiology
In the field of observation, chance favors only prepared minds.
------ Louis Pasteur
The discovery of microorganisms The spontaneous generation conflict The recognition of microbial role in disease
The environment Biotechnology
Medicine Research
Food
• The environment • Medicine • Food • Biotechnology • Research
Press here to continue
Microbes are responsible for the geochemical cycles. They are found in association with plants in symbiotic relationships. Some microbes are devastating plant pathogens, but others may act as biological control agents against diseases.
1.3 Microbes in our lives
• Microorganisms as Disease Agents
• Microorganisms and Agriculture • Microorganisms and the Food Industry • Microorganisms, Energy, and the Environment • Microorganisms and the Future
Fungi (unicellular or multicellular)
Protozoa (unicellular)
Other (multicellular organisms)
The size and cell type of microbes
Most of the bacteria, protozoa, and fungi are single-celled microorganisms, and even the multicelled microbes do not have a great range of cell types. Viruses are not even cells, just genetic material surrounded by a protein coat and incapable of independent existence.
• The development of microbiology as a scientific discipline has depended on the availability of the microscope and the ability to isolate and grow pure cultures of microorganisms.
• Microbiology is a large discipline, which has a great impact on other areas of biology and general human welfare
1.1 What is a microbe?
The word microbe (microorganism) is used to describe an organism that is so small that can not be seen without the use of a microscope. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae are all included in this category.
Microbial taxonomy
Phycology or Algology
Molecular biology
The future of microbiology is bright
Microbiology is one of the most rewarding of professions, because it gives its practitioners the opportunity to be in contact with all the other natural science and thus to contribute in many different ways to the betterment of human life.
of microbiology
Concepts
• Microorganisms are responsible for many of the changes observed in organic and inorganic matter (e.g., fermentation and the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles that occurred in nature.
Microbes have been used to produce food, from brewing and wine making, through cheese production and bread making, to the manufacture of soy sauce. But microbes are also responsible for food spoilage.
Microbes have been used as model organisms for the investigation of biochemical and genetical processes. Millions of copies of the same single cell can be produced very quickly and give plenty of homogeneous experimental material. Most people have no ethical objections to experiments with these microorganisms.
The size and cell type of microbes
Microbe Approximate range of sizes
Cell type
Viruses Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Algae
0.01-0.25µm 0.1-10µm 2µm->1m 2-1000µm
Microbial genetics
Microbial physiology Microbial Morphology
Virology Mycology
Branches of Microbiology
Parasitology Protozoology
Bacteriology
Microbial ecology
Our world is populated by invisible creatures too small to be seen with the unaided eye. These life forms, the microbes or microorganisms, may be seen only by magnifying their image with a microscope.
Traditionally microbes have been used to synthesize important chemicals. The advent of genetic engineering techniques has led to the cloning of polypeptides into microbes.
Leeuwenhock made his simple, single-lens microscope which could amplify the object being viewed 50 – 300 times. Between 1673-1723, he wrote a series of letters to the Royal Society of London describing the microbes he observed from the samples of rainwater, and humam mouth.
Chapter 1
Microorganisms and Microbiology
Chapter outline
1.1 What is a microbe? 1.2 The importance of Microbiology 1.3 Microbes in our lives 1.4 The history of microbiology 1.5 Important events in the development
Microbial world
Organisms
(living)
Infectious agents (non-living)
Prokaryotes (unicellular)
eukaryotes
viruses
viroids
prions
Eubacteria
Archaea
Algae (unicellular or multicellular)
The first person to observe and describe microorganisms was the amateur microscopist Antony van leeuwenhoek of Delft, Holland.
The discovery of microbial effects on organic and inorganic matter The development of microbiology in this century
The discovery of microorganisms
Antony van Leeuwenhock (1632-1723)
The disease-causing ability of some microbes is well known. However, microorganisms have also provided us with the means of their control in the form of antibiotics and other medically important drugs.
1µm-several meters
Acellular Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote
1.2 The importance of microbiology
Microbes impinge on all aspects of life, just a few of these are listed below:
lensபைடு நூலகம்
Object being viewed
adjusting screws
A drawing of one of the microscopes showing the lens a; mounting pin b; and focusing screws c and d.
1.4 The history of microbiology
In the field of observation, chance favors only prepared minds.
------ Louis Pasteur
The discovery of microorganisms The spontaneous generation conflict The recognition of microbial role in disease
The environment Biotechnology
Medicine Research
Food
• The environment • Medicine • Food • Biotechnology • Research
Press here to continue
Microbes are responsible for the geochemical cycles. They are found in association with plants in symbiotic relationships. Some microbes are devastating plant pathogens, but others may act as biological control agents against diseases.
1.3 Microbes in our lives
• Microorganisms as Disease Agents
• Microorganisms and Agriculture • Microorganisms and the Food Industry • Microorganisms, Energy, and the Environment • Microorganisms and the Future
Fungi (unicellular or multicellular)
Protozoa (unicellular)
Other (multicellular organisms)
The size and cell type of microbes
Most of the bacteria, protozoa, and fungi are single-celled microorganisms, and even the multicelled microbes do not have a great range of cell types. Viruses are not even cells, just genetic material surrounded by a protein coat and incapable of independent existence.
• The development of microbiology as a scientific discipline has depended on the availability of the microscope and the ability to isolate and grow pure cultures of microorganisms.
• Microbiology is a large discipline, which has a great impact on other areas of biology and general human welfare
1.1 What is a microbe?
The word microbe (microorganism) is used to describe an organism that is so small that can not be seen without the use of a microscope. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae are all included in this category.
Microbial taxonomy
Phycology or Algology
Molecular biology
The future of microbiology is bright
Microbiology is one of the most rewarding of professions, because it gives its practitioners the opportunity to be in contact with all the other natural science and thus to contribute in many different ways to the betterment of human life.
of microbiology
Concepts
• Microorganisms are responsible for many of the changes observed in organic and inorganic matter (e.g., fermentation and the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles that occurred in nature.
Microbes have been used to produce food, from brewing and wine making, through cheese production and bread making, to the manufacture of soy sauce. But microbes are also responsible for food spoilage.
Microbes have been used as model organisms for the investigation of biochemical and genetical processes. Millions of copies of the same single cell can be produced very quickly and give plenty of homogeneous experimental material. Most people have no ethical objections to experiments with these microorganisms.
The size and cell type of microbes
Microbe Approximate range of sizes
Cell type
Viruses Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Algae
0.01-0.25µm 0.1-10µm 2µm->1m 2-1000µm
Microbial genetics
Microbial physiology Microbial Morphology
Virology Mycology
Branches of Microbiology
Parasitology Protozoology
Bacteriology
Microbial ecology
Our world is populated by invisible creatures too small to be seen with the unaided eye. These life forms, the microbes or microorganisms, may be seen only by magnifying their image with a microscope.
Traditionally microbes have been used to synthesize important chemicals. The advent of genetic engineering techniques has led to the cloning of polypeptides into microbes.
Leeuwenhock made his simple, single-lens microscope which could amplify the object being viewed 50 – 300 times. Between 1673-1723, he wrote a series of letters to the Royal Society of London describing the microbes he observed from the samples of rainwater, and humam mouth.
Chapter 1
Microorganisms and Microbiology
Chapter outline
1.1 What is a microbe? 1.2 The importance of Microbiology 1.3 Microbes in our lives 1.4 The history of microbiology 1.5 Important events in the development
Microbial world
Organisms
(living)
Infectious agents (non-living)
Prokaryotes (unicellular)
eukaryotes
viruses
viroids
prions
Eubacteria
Archaea
Algae (unicellular or multicellular)