高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习

高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习A dog four legs. A bird two legs. Our school a library.We 37 chairs in our classroom. My sister a nice toy car.You two small eyes. My sister three pens. Come here and an apple.My dog one eye only. Cats four legs. Dogs two ears.Everybody _____ a dream. Everything _____ its time.They each _____ a book. Each of them _____ a book.Do you a bike ? Do they any salt ? Does he a bike ?Does a rabbit four legs ? I don’t any rice . We don’t any salt .He doesn’t have a pen . 4. She doesn’t have any envelopes✓在肯定句中，主语是（I, we, they）时用have，主语是第三人称单数he, she, it 时用has✓在疑问句和否定句中无论什么人称作主语，都用have。

✓Something, everything等做主语时用has。

Each of加名词做主语时用has。

✓复数主语开头加each，如they each仍旧用have.✓had 是has和have的过去式。

◆用法：1、has have had也可以作为一般动词，意为“拥有”“进行”“吃”“使得”“让”等。

如果后接不定式，意为“不得不”。

例如：a) He has a good pen. 他有一支好笔。

b) We have supper at 6:00. 我们六点钟吃晚饭。

c) I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了发。

（我让我的头发被剪了，昨天）d) I have to leave now. 我得走了。

“have to do sth必需做某事，不得不”e) Can I have a toy? 我可以要一个玩具吗？2、如何变疑问句？一般现在时时,借助助动词do/does.现在完成时时,则直接将have/has提到句首。

例如：He has big eyes. -- Does he have big eyes?He has finished his homework. -- Has he finished his homework?3、后接过去分词，构成现在和过去完成、完成进行时。

例如：a) He has gone to Beijing. 他已经到北京去了。

b) I have been a teacher since then. 从那时起我就一直当教师。

c) They had left when I got there. 我到那里的时候，他们已经走了。

d) He has been working hard since early morning. 丛一大早他就一直在下劲干活。

时态问题（1）一般现在时（A表示当前的状态；B表示当前一段时间内经常反复发生的动作；C客观真理。

）（2）一般过去时（A表示过去某段时间的状态；B表示过去某段经常反复发生的动作）（3）一般将来时（A将来某段时间内的状态；B表示将来某段时间内经常反复的动作）（4）现在进行时（表示说话当前正在进行或者刚刚完成的动作）（5）过去进行时（表示在过去的某段时间内正在进行的动作或者状态）（6）过去将来时（以过去某点为基础，表示在其后将要发生的动作或者状态）（7）将来进行时（表示将来的某个或段时间内正在进行的动作或状态）（8）现在完成时（表示已经发生的动作对说话现在有影响或结果）（9）过去完成时（表示已经发生的动作对过去的某个点有影响或结果）（10）现在完成进行时（表示从过去的某个点起到现在一直在进行并对现在有影响和结果的动作）A.现在完成时：have / has done（一）意义1.表示经历或动作的结果，强调这个动作对现在造成的结果或产生的影响I have turned off the radio, so you can sleep quietly.He has recovered from his illness. He is playing football now.例题：⑴— Alvin, are you coming with us? —I’d love to, but something unexpected _______.A. has come upB. was coming upC. had come upD. would come up⑵—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?—Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.A. hadn't madeB. wouldn't makeC. don't makeD. haven't made注意：如果动作被说明在某个具体时间发生，则必须用一般过去时I saw the film yesterday.例题：⑴ Judy is going to marry the sailor she _____in Rome last year.A. meetsB. metC. has metD. would meet⑵ The year 2010_____remarkable changes in Shanghai’s landscape.A. seesB. has seenC. sawD. had seen2.和for, since, how long连用表示持续到现在的动作或状态。

在肯定句中，使用的动词为延续性动词。

He has come here for three days.beenHis father has died for 20 years.been deadThey have married for two years.been marriedHe has left home for three months.been away from例题：⑴—How are you today ?—Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A. didn’t feelB. wasn’t feelingC. don’t feelD. haven’t felt⑵—How long ________ at this job?—Since 1990.A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employedD. will you be employed注意：并非所for 和how long引导的句子都得用完成时，如果动作已经结束就用一般过去时Glad to see you back. How long did you stay in the wonderland of Yunnan?例题：⑴Mr Robert, who is said to have returned to London with his family, _____at Beijing University for eight years.A. has been teachingB. was teachingC. taughtD. have taught⑵—Where have you been recently?—I ______in Beijing on business for a week last month.A. have beenB. had beenC. had goneD. was⑶ I____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.A. livedB. was livingC. have livedD. had lived3.注意区分几个短语：have been to 去过某地have gone to 已经去了某地have been in 在...地方4.常见的时间状语：before , already, yet, recently, lately, till now, up to now, so far, ever, once, since, since then, for, in/for/during the past/ last few years例题：Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would saveB. savesC. had savedD. has saved（二）固定句型1.It is +时间段+since+从句（过去时）自从某人做某事多久了was (过去完成时）It is five years since I came to work.改错：It is already 10 years since he becomes a lawyer.2.It is the first(second, third...)time that从句（现在完成时）was (过去完成时）It is the third time that the boy has been late for school.例题：This is the first time we ____ a film in the cinema together as a family.A. seeB. had seenC. sawD. have seen3.主语+be+最高级所修饰的先行词+that+定语从句（最好用现在完成时）Gangnam Style is the funniest song that I have ever heard.Twilight is the best vampire movie that I have ever seen.例题：It is the most instructive lecture that I ________since I came to this school.A. attendedB. had attendedC. am attendingD. have attendedB.过去完成时：had done1.常常用来表示发生在过去的两个事件中先发生的那个动作，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开某一过去时间而孤立存在He told me that he had already seen the film.When they got to the field, the football match had already started.例题：⑴ The hotel wasn't particularly good, but I ______in many worse hotels.A. was stayingB. stayedC. would stayD. had stayed⑵The moment I got home, I found I ______my jacket on the playground.A. had leftB. leftC. have leftD. was leaving⑶We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _____each other for years.A. knewB. have knownC. had knownD. know⑷I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ______before my eyes.A. swimB. swumC. swamD. had swum2.和by, before等词连用By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 words.He hadn’t learned any Chinese before he came to China.例题：By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______from college.A. graduatedB. has graduatedC. had been graduatingD. had graduated3.固定句型①前三句型同现在完成时(见前文）②hardly/scarcely...when ｝no sooner...than ｝一...就...We had hardly got into the room when it began to snow.We had no sooner sat down than the bell rang.例题：⑴ He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.A. sinceB. asC. whenD. than⑵Hardly had I caught sight of her ____ I recognized her _____ I hadn’t seen her for ages.A. then; asB. when; sinceC. before; becauseD. when; thoughC.将来完成时：will have done表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成的动作，常与by，before或其它时间状语连用I will have learnt 2000 words by the end of this term.I hope we will have got everything ready before you come tomorrow.例题：—Could you meet me at the airport ?—I'd like to, but I _______Beijing when you return.A. will have leftB. was leavingC. will leaveD. have leftD.现在完成进行时have + been +现在分词I have been studying English for ten years.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。