语法之with+复合宾语

with+复合宾语

一、with的复合结构的构成

所谓“with的复合结构”即是“with+复合宾语”也即“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。其中的宾语一般由名词充当(有时也可由代词充当)；而宾语补足语则是根据具体的需要由形容词，副词、介词短语，分词短语(包括现在分词和过去分词)及不定式短语充当。下面结合例句就这一结构加以具体的说明。

1、with +宾语+形容词作宾补

①He slept well with all the windows open.(82年高考题)

上面句子中形容词open作with 的宾词all the windows的补足语，

②It’s impolite to talk with your mouth full of food.形容词短语full of food作宾补。

Don't sleep with the window open in winter.

2、with+宾语+副词作宾补

with John away, we have got more room.

He was lying in bed with all his clothes on.

③Her baby is used to sleeping with the light on.句中的on是副词，作宾语the light的补足语。

④The boy can t play with his father in.句中的副词in作宾补。

3、with+宾语+介词短语。

we sat on the grass with our backs to the wall.

his wife came down the stairs,with her baby in her arms.

They stood with their arms round each other.

With tears of joy in her eyes ,she saw her daughter married.

⑤She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.句中介词短语on both sides作宾语red flowersandgreen grass的宾补，

⑥There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.，介词短语in front of them 作宾补。

4、with+宾词+分词(短语)

这一结构中作宾补用的分词有两种，一是现在分词，二是过去分词，一般来说，当分词所表示的动作跟其前面的宾语之间存在主动关系则用现在分词，若是被动关系，则用过去分词。

⑦In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.(高一第十课)，句中用现在分词pointing at…作宾语your feet的补足语，是因它们之间存在主动关系，或者说point这一动作是your feet发出的。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

She sat with her head bent.

She did not answer, with her eyes still fixed on the wall.

The day was bright,with a fresh breeze(微风）blowing.

I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.

With winter coming on,it is time to buy warm clothes.

He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.

⑧From space the earth looks like ahuge water covered globe,with a few patches of land stuking out above the water.而在下面句子中因with的宾语跟其宾补之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补：

⑨The murderer was brought in ,with his hands tied back.。

但当with的复合结构中语是表示人体部位名称的名词时，作宾补用的分词是现在分词是过去分词，则应视这一动词而定。一般来说，若此动词是及物动词则用其过去分词形式，若是不及物动词，则用其现在分词形式。⑩An old man was lying there with his eyes shut.此句中shut是及物动词，故用其过去分词

He lay on his back with his eyes looking straight up wards.look为不及物动词，故用现在分词。

5、with+宾语+不定式短语。

I can't go out with you, with much homework to be done.句中的宾补由to be done这一不定式的被动结构充当，表示do这一动作的将来含义或未完成之意，用其被动态则说明其与宾语之间存在被动关系。

With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived.

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.

So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went around the school.

With such an experienced teacher to teach us English,we are very happy.

6,with+宾语+名词

He died in the battle with his son only a ten-month-old baby.

二、with的复合结构的用法

1，在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件

She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）

With the meal over ，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）

The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）

The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）

He could finish it with me to help him.（with+代词+不定式，作条件状语）

She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）

With nothing left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（with+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）

2，With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：

From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.

A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.

Do you know the woman with a gold necklace around her neck?

三，几点说明。

1，without +宾语+宾语补足语是with +宾语+宾语补足语结构的另一表现形式。

He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语）

Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）

Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.

（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）

Without anyone noticing ，I slipped out of the room.（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）

Without a word more spoken，he went back home

2, with的复合结构与独立主格结构的关系：

把with的复合结构中的介词with去掉，即构成独立主格结构。其结构为

名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；例如;

The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

=If weather permits,we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气允许，我们明天去看你。

This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。

The door of the room being open，we looked in．

It being Sunday（＝As it's Sunday），we had no class．由于是星期天，我们没有课．

The duty completed，he had three days leave．

The manager sat quietly in the office, (his ) eyes closed。经理静静地坐在办公室里，双目紧闭。

There being nothing else to do, we left。由于没有其它事情可做，我们离开了

He guiding her, they went across the street。他引着他，两个人穿过那条街。

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home。

=Because the last bus had gone, we had to walk home。

由于末班车已开走，我们只得步行回家

All things considered, the price would be reasonable。

＝If all things considered, the price would be reasonable。

通盘考虑的话，价格是合理的。

More time given, we could have done it better。

= If more time had been given to us, we could have done it better。

假如给我们更多时间的话，我们可能做的更好

The clock having struck ten，they said good night and parted．

已经十点钟了，他们互道晚安分手了。

名词（代词）+形容词；

The largest collection even found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies，all of them over 600 years old．（英格兰发现的最大一堆硬币是20万枚银制的便士，它们全都是600年前制作的。）句中“all of them over 600 years old”是独立主格结构，可改为：and all of them were over

600 years old并列分句；或all of which were over 600 years old非限制性定语从句。

He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的

The boy，his face red，said nothing．

名词（代词）+副词；

The class over，the students left the class room in twos and threes．

Breakfast over，he went to the classroom．

＝When breakfast was over，he went to the classroom．

He put on his socks wrong, side out。他穿上袜子，反面朝上。

名词（代词）+不定式；

A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on。

许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带等。

（some to hold…和others to adjust…为不定式独立主格结构）

Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month．

这儿是头两卷，第三卷下个月出版。

The two girls said good-bye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to her friend's．两个女孩说声再见后，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。

名词（代词）+介词短语。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆

He went off, gun in hand。他手里拿着枪离开了

注意:

独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. （hand前不能加his）劫匪冲进房间，手里拿着刀。

He came into the classroom with a book in his hand。

=He came into the classroom, book in hand。他手里拿着一本书走进教室。