英皇乐理级演奏指示erformancedirections
英皇乐理常见术语
英皇ABRSMTest 6DRomantic 浪漫主义Texture 织体1.Single bass note on downbeat followed by two chords, 单一低音强拍，接下来是两个和弦2.Louder phrase started in octaves, quieter phrases started withchords,以八度音阶开始的响亮的乐句，以和弦开始的轻的乐句3.Melody with accompaniment texture in two parts, 两个部分中，伴奏织体的旋律4.Melody with chordal accompaniment 有和弦伴奏的旋律5.Arpeggics at beginning followed by melody with chordalaccompaniment琶音开头，接着是有和弦伴奏的旋律Structure 结构1.Two equal length/ each 8 bars两个长度相等，每个有8 小节2.Short introduction followed by two phrases简短介绍，紧接着两个乐句3.Three，first and last share some of the same material/ABA/major- minor-major 三部分，第一部分和最后一部分有一些相同的元素ABA 式，大调-小调-大调4.The opening section introductionCharacter 特征1.Lilting waltz-like triple meter, regular repeatingaccompaniment lively tempo, animated, dance-like,像华尔兹一样的轻快的三拍，重复的伴奏，活泼的速度，活泼的，像跳舞一样的2.Smooth repeating/ostinato accompaniment, cantabile/floatingmelody with flexible rhythm, quiet dynamic, calm, restful 连续的重复，固定音型伴奏，节奏灵活的如歌的/流动的旋律，轻的，安静的，给人休息的3.Song-like melody, regular phrase lengths, slow tempo andbreathing spaces between phrases, major-minor alternations, serious, gentle像唱歌一样的旋律，长度有规律的乐句，慢速，乐句之间的停顿，大调小调的转换，严肃的，轻柔的Style and Period 风格与时期1.Rich (sometimes unexpected) chromatic harmony,irregular/asymmetrical phrases, waltz-style melody and accompaniment texture, use of sustaining pedal丰富的(有时出乎意料的)半音和声，不规则，不对称的乐句，华尔兹风格的旋律和伴奏织体，使用延音踏板2. Dramatic/bold contrasts of dynamics/texture/sonorityanimated/fast waltz-like rhythm, use of sustaining pedal.戏剧性的/大胆的** 织体、响亮程度的反差，活泼的，快的，华尔兹式韵律，使用延音踏板3.Colourful/pentatonic harmony, use of sustainingpedal/sonority, flexible rhythm, lack of dissonance, Impressionistic ，some Romantic features,多彩的/五音音阶的和声，使用延音踏板/响亮程度，灵活的韵律，没有不和谐音，印象派的，一些浪漫主义的特征4.Warm chordal texture, use of chromatic notes/harmoies ，lyricalmelody，abrupt change to minor key温暖的和弦织体，使用半音/和声抒情诗调的旋律突变为小调5.Lyrical/cantabile melody, chromaticisim, rich sonority anduse of sustaining pedal抒情诗调的/如歌的旋律富有半音音阶的，响亮度变化吩咐的，使用延音踏板Dynamicis 力度1.Sudden change from very loud to much quieter in each half of thepiece 在曲子中部从非常响亮突变为非常安静，Tonality 调2.Alternates between minor and major在小调和大调之间转换3.Brief section in minor key towards the middle, then returnto major key 从开始到中间是小调，后面变回大调Baroque ：Texture1.Chordal passages alternate with phrases in octaves和弦过渡到八度音阶2.Contrapuntal/imitative/two-part/polyphonic对位/ /两部分/复音3.Mostly two-part texture, occasional chords, 大多是两部分织体，偶尔有和弦Tonality 调1.Ends with a major chord, but elsewhere often dissonant,tonality unclear以大调结尾，但其他地方不和谐的，调不明确Character 特征2.Loud, harmonic clashes, abrupt changes between two ideas,repeating rhythms, angry forceful响亮，不太好听的和弦，重复的韵律，生气的力度3.Flowing tempo, major key, uniform loud dynamic, crisparticulation, fanfare-like chords, joyful spirited流畅的速度，大调，均衡响亮的力度，清脆的喇叭样的和弦，愉悦的精神4.Flowing scalic runs, clear and contrasted articulations,major key, use of imitation, energetic, playful清楚的，对比明显的断连，大调，使用模仿，有活力的，好玩的Style and period 风格和时期1.Clashing harmonies, lack of defined key/ modal, use ofaccents, uneven phrase lengths断裂的和声，缺少定义键/模式，使用重音，乐句长度不规则e of imitation, simple harmony, clear articulation andtexture, ornamentation, use of a limited range of thekeyboard suggests it was written for harpsichord使用模仿，简单的和声，清楚的断连和织体，装饰音，使用有限区域的键盘表明曲子是为羽管键琴3.Imitative two-part texture, crisp articulation, limiteddynamic and pitch range, regular phrase lengths,ornamentation模仿两段织体，清脆的断连，有限的力度和音高范围，规则的乐句长度，装饰音Articulation断还是连1.Mixture of staccato and legato, but mostly detached 断连混合，但大部分是断2.Scales legato, elsewhere mainly staccato 音阶是连的，其他地方大都是断20thTexture 织体1. Melody with chordal accompaniment有和弦伴奏的旋律Tempo 速度1. Relaxed/ moderate, medium-swing tempo, rit at end放松的，中等的，Character 特征1. Jaunty/swung rhythms, syncopation in the tune, generallyquiet dynamic, relaxed tempo, cheerful, easy-going character 快活的/摇摆的节奏，调中的切分音，渐轻的力度，放松的速速，欢呼的，轻松的特征。
英皇乐理~级演奏指示erformancedirections
（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel.Adagio Allegretto allegro andantecantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderato p (=piano) pp (=pianissimo) pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful )at a walking pace in a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quiet a little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强，响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许，稍 渐慢 渐慢 ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down ) detached speed ，time( a tempo : in time ) gradually getting louder演奏指示Performance一级：(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter (=diminuendo/decrescendo) detached(=staccato ) accentpause on the note (or rest) ( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度) 渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo )断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理1~5级演奏指示Performance Directions(精品资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegrettoallegroandante cantabile crescendo/cresc.da capo/D.C.dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim. fine( =forte )(=fortissimo) legatolento mezzo(=mezzo forte )( =mezzo piano )moderatop(=piano)pp(=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall.ritardando/ritard./rit.gradually getting quickerslow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately( allegro moderato ;moderately quick )quietvery quieta little , slightlygradually getting slowergradually getting slower演奏指示Performance Directions 一级：逐渐加快慢(舒适)稍快(但不及allegro快) 快(欢乐)，快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格渐强从头再奏回到记号“”处再奏渐弱渐弱结束处强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中) 中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten.staccato/state.tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediatelyslowing down )detachedspeed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decre scendo)detached(=staccato ) accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata ) repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the firstsign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeatfrom thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining twonotes ofthe same pitch into a singlesustainedsoundslur: perform the notessmoothly( a curved line over or undertwo ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇钢琴五级考级大纲英文版la chevaleresque
ABRSM Grade 5 Piano Syllabus: La ChevaleresqueIntroductionLa Chevaleresque is a piano piece composed by French composer Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller. It is one of the selected pieces for the ABRSM Grade 5 Piano examination. This syllabus will provide a detailed outline of the main sections and their respective sub-sections, ensuring clarity, comprehensiveness, and depth.Section 1: Technical RequirementsThis section will focus on the technical skills required to perform La Chevaleresque proficiently. It includes the following sub-sections:1.1 Scales and ArpeggiosStudents will be required to demonstrate proficiency in major and minor scales, as well as arpeggios, in all keys.1.2 Sight-readingStudents will be given a short piece of music to sight-read, testing their ability to read and interpret a new piece of music accurately and effectively.Section 2: RepertoireThis section will outline the main repertoire section of the Grade 5 examination, featuring La Chevaleresque as the selected piece. It includes the following sub-sections:2.1 La Chevaleresque - J ohann Friedrich Franz BurgmüllerStudents are expected to perform La Chevaleresque with precision and musicality. The piece consists of the following parts:2.1.1 IntroductionThe introduction sets the tone and mood of the piece, establishing a playful and adventurous atmosphere.2.1.2 Theme 1Theme 1 is characterized by its energetic and lively melody. The student should emphasize the dynamic contrasts and articulation nuances.2.1.3 TransitionThe transition serves as a bridge between Theme 1 and Theme 2. Students should pay attention to the phrasing and continuity during this section.2.1.4 Theme 2Theme 2 presents a contrasting melody to Theme 1, showcasing a more lyrical and expressive character. The student should highlight the melodic shape and use of dynamics.2.1.5 CodaThe coda brings the piece to a satisfying conclusion, with a final flourish. The student must maintain control and clarity throughout this section.2.2 Additional RepertoireIn addition to La Chevaleresque, students must also prepare and perform two contrasting pieces from the Grade 5 repertoire list provided by ABRSM. These pieces will test their ability to interpret different musical styles and genres.Section 3: Music TheoryThis section will cover the theoretical aspects necessary for the Grade 5 examination. It includes the following sub-sections:3.1 General KnowledgeStudents should demonstrate a good understanding of scales, modes, and ornamentation. They should be able to identify and define key musical terms related to La Chevaleresque and other pieces.3.2 Aural SkillsStudents will be assessed on their ability to recognize and identify melodic and harmonic intervals, chords, and cadences. They should also be able to sight-sing a given melody.3.3 Sight-singingStudents will be given a short melody to sight-sing, testing theirability to accurately reproduce pitch and rhythm.3.4 Score ReadingStudents will be required to analyze and interpret a musical score, demonstrating their understanding of key signatures, time signatures, and other notational elements.ConclusionThis syllabus provides a comprehensive and detailed outline of the ABRSM Grade 5 Piano examination, focusing on the piece “La Chevaleresque” by Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller. By mastering the technical requirements, performing the selected piece with musicality and precision, and demonstrating theoretical knowledge and skills, students will be well-prepared for the Grade 5 examination.。
英皇乐理~年级演奏指示erformancedirections
（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegretto allegro andante cantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/. dal segno/. decrescendo/decresc .dimimmndo/dim. fine ( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderatop (=piano) pp (=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease ) fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful ) at a walking pace in a singing style gradually getting louderrepeat from the beginning repeat from the signbecoming gradually softer becoming gradually softer the end loud very loud smoothly slowhalf( moderately )moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quieta little , slightlygradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度 如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处演奏指示Performance Directions一级：强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中)中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back( immediately slowing down ) detached speed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the secondsign，repeat the music from the firstsign(ifthe first sign is left out,repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining twonotes ofthe same pitch into a singlesustainedsoundslur: perform the notessmoothly( a curved line over or undertwo ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理~级演奏指示erformancedirections
（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel.Adagio Allegretto allegro andantecantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderato p (=piano) pp (=pianissimo) pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful )at a walking pace in a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quiet a little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强，响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢 一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许，稍 渐慢 渐慢ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down ) detached speed ，time ( a tempo : in time ) gradually getting louder演奏指示Performance Directions一级：(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo) detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest) ( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度) 渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo) 断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理考级1-5级
英皇乐理考级（1-5）（ABRSM)乐理一级考试内容如下：一、全音符、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符和十六分音符等音符时值和符。
二、2/4，3/4，4/4等单拍子记号，小节线，和在这些拍子中涉及上列各的第一拍开始的指定节奏后面，加上两小节的节奏答句。
三、谱表及高音（G）和低音（F）谱号。
在谱表的音符名称，包括在两种记号和取消它们的做法。
四、大调音阶的构成——包括全音和半音的分布。
在两种谱表中的C,G,D,主三和弦（原位）、音阶度数（只须以数目表示），和以主音为基础的音五、有关速度、力度、演奏指示、发音法等的常用术语和符号。
还有一些表——来发问的简单题目。
一、2/2,3/2,4/2,3/8等单拍子记号，和在这些节奏中的音符、休止符组合。
问题将包括使用一个指定的开端，写作一段以一小节中第一拍开始的二、谱表的使用范围会扩展到包括谱表上面和下面两条附加线。
三、小调音阶的构成（考生可自行选择使用和声或旋律音阶，但须确定自等大调及A,E,D等小调的音阶和调号。
这几个调的主三和弦（原位）、音音为基础的音程（只须用数目表示）。
四、更多常用术语和符号。
乐理三级考试内容如下：在乐理一级和二级考试内容的基础上，增加以下内容：一、6/8，9/8，12/8等复拍子记号，和在这些节奏中的音符、休止符组及休止符。
问题将包括使用一个指定的开端（可能由弱拍开始），写作一节奏。
二、谱表的使用范围会扩展到使用超过两条附加线。
把一段简单旋律在高作八度移调。
三、直至四个升/降号的所有大调和小调，这些调的的音阶（小调音阶包式）、调号、主三和弦（原位）、音阶度数（只须用数目表示），和以主只须用数目表示）。
五、更多术语和符号。
在那些涉及一段旋律的简单问题中，或会有其中之乐理四级考试内容如下：在乐理一级至三级考试内容的基础上，增加以下内容：一、所有二拍、三拍及四拍的单拍子及复拍子记号，和在这些节奏中的音。
二连音。
问题亦会包括节奏创作：考生可选择创作一段四小节长的节奏二、中音谱号（以第三线为中央C的C谱号）。
英皇萨克斯考级大纲
英皇萨克斯考级大纲萨克斯管第一级三首乐曲：考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首，并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C：（略）本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音：背谱，在以下调性范围内，以连音和吐音的方式吹奏F，G大调；D小调（一个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内（由考生选择旋律、和声或自然小调）琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏：在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
也许会包含一些临时记号、附点音符和连音。
萨克斯管第二级三首乐曲：考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首，并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C：（略）本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音：背谱，在以下调性范围内，以连音和吐音的方式吹奏F，G大调；D，A小调（一个八度）D大调（两个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内（由考生选择旋律、和声或自然小调）琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏：在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
也许会包含一些临时记号、附点音符和连音。
萨克斯管第三级三首乐曲：考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首，并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C：（略）本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音：背谱，在以下调性范围内，以连音和吐音的方式吹奏降B大调（比最低位置的主音高一个八度的音开始）；E，G，A 小调（一个八度）F，G大调；D小调（一个十二度）C大调（两个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内（由考生选择旋律小调或和声小调）半音阶：从G音开始（一个八度）琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏：在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
萨克斯管第四级三首乐曲：考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首，并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C：（略）本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音：背谱，在以下调性范围内，以连音和吐音的方式吹奏A大调（一个八度）F大调；升F，G小调（一个十二度）C，D，降E大调；B，C，D小调（两个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内（由考生选择旋律小调或和声小调）半音阶：从C，D音开始（两个八度）琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦属七和弦：在G调中（两个八度）视奏：在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子或复拍子的短曲。
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（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegrettoallegro andante cantabilecrescendo/cresc.da capo/.dal segno/.decrescendo/decresc.dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderatop (=piano) pp (=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit.gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloud very loud smoothly slowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quieta little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度 如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强，响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许，稍 渐慢 渐慢演奏指示Performance一级：ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down )detachedspeed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat fromthebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
将音符(或休止符)的时值延长(=fermata )反复记号。
在第二个记号处，音乐从第一个记号处开始重复(如乐曲没有第一个记号，音乐是从乐曲的开始处重复)连线:将两个有相同音高的音连结成一个音的弧线连线:圆滑地演奏各音(置于两个或一组音符的上方或下方的弧线)octave ( =ottava )perform an octave higher( written over a note or notes )perform an octave lower( written under a note or notes)76 crotchet beats in a minute( short for Maelzel' s Metronome )八度(=ottava)升高一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的上方)降低一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的下方)每分钟奏76个四分音符.是Maelzel’s Metronome (拍节机)的简称（一）演奏术语aal, allaallargando andantinoassaicon , coldolcee,edespressivo (espress./espr.)(=fortepiano) giocosogravegrazioso larghettolargomamaestosomenomoltomosso in the style of, for, at, with,ina cappella: in the style of chapela due : for two performersa piacere : at pleasurea puma d' arco : with the point of thebowa tempo ; in timein the manner of, to the( alla marcia : in the style of a march )broadening(getting slower and louder)slightly faster than andantevery(allegro assai : very quick )withsoft, sweetandexpressivefirst loudly, then immediately softplayful , merrysolemn,very slowgracefulquite slow(but not as slow as largo)slow, statelybutmajesticlessmuch , verymoved( meno mosso : less moved )以……风格、由、按照、用、按a cappella:以(无伴奏的)教堂风格演奏a due:由两位表演者演奏(唱)a piacere:按照表演者的与之所至地处理a puma d'arco:用弓尖演奏a tempo:按原来的速度以……风格，至( alla marcia:进行曲风格)宽广的(渐慢及渐强)比行板(andante )稍快非常，很(allegro assai:很快)用，含有温柔地，甜蜜地和，以及有表情地先强然后立即转弱嬉戏的，快乐的严肃的，极缓慢的优雅的颇慢的，(但比广板largo稍快)慢的，庄严的但是华贵的，堂皇的二级：少些十分，很活动的( meno mosso:稍慢)motononprestosenza(=sforzando/sforzato ) simile/sim.sostenutotenutotroppovivace , vwo（二）演奏符号movement( con moto : with movement )notmore(faster than allegro)withoutaccented,forcedin the same waysustainedheldtoo much( non troppo : not too much )lively , quickthe note should be held for its fulltime-value ,and generally slightlydetached(=tenuto)the note should be played as short aspossibleand perhaps accented too( =staccatissimo)accentedstronger accent(usually strongerthan> )the notes should be slightlyseparated(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato )活动( con moto:稍快)不是更多地快(比快板allegro更快)没有，去除重音，加强地( =sforzando/sforzato )如前的方式演奏持续的保持(要奏足该音的时值)太多( non troppo:不太多)有生气的，轻快的要奏足该音符的时值，各音之间稍间歇(=tenuto)短断音，发音比一般断音更短促，有时还有重音的意思( =staccatissimo)重音强重音(力度通常比>更强)半断音，即音符需要略微断开(=mezzo-staccato/semi-sta ccato)演奏术语adagiettoad libitum,ad lib.agitatoalla breve.amoreanimaanimatobenbriocomododecisodelicatoenergicoforzalargamente leggieromarcato . marc..marzialemestopesanteprima, primorisolutoritmicorubato ,tempo rubatorather slow(but faster than adagio)optional or at willagitatedwith each beat as a minim( orinstead of )love ( amoroso : loving )soul, spirit(con anima: with feeling/spirited )animated , lively( animando : becomingmore lively )wellvigour(con brio : with vigour, lively )convenient(tempo comodo:at a tom-fortable speed )with determinationdelicateenergeticforcebroadlylightmarked,accentedmartial , war-likesadheavyfirstbold, strongrhythmicallywith some freedom of time稍慢(但比adagio略快)随意处理激动地以二分音符作为一拍(以或代替 )爱情(amoroso:富于爱意地)心灵、精神(con anima:有感情地/生气勃勃地)活泼地(animando:更加活泼地)很好活力(con brio:有活力地)舒适的(tempo comodo:舒适的速度)决断、有决心地优美的、精致的富于精力的力量广阔地三级：轻、轻巧的强调、有力地勇敢的、尚武的忧伤的强力的第一勇敢、刚强的富于节奏感地自由的速度scherzando,scherzoso seconda,secondo semplicesemprestringendflsubitotantotranquillotriste ,tristamente volta playful,jokingsecondsimple , plainalwaysgradually getting fastersuddenlyso muchcalmsad , sorrowfultime(prama volta:first time;seconda volta: second time)幽默、诙谐的第二简单、朴素的持续地逐渐加快速度突然地许多、太多平静的忧伤、悲痛的次、遍(prima volta:第一次;seconda volta:第二次)con sordini,con sord.senza sordini ，senza sord.arcopizzicato, pizz. sul Gsul ponticellouna corda ( .)tre corde.)manomano destra.) mano sinistra ( .)affettuosoaffrettandowith muteswithout mutes play with the bow(a direction after pizzicato ) down bow up bowa slur over or under two or more notes meaning that they are to be played with one stroke of the bow pluckedon the G string near the bridge( literally : one string )press the left ( soft ) pedal( literally : three strings )release the left( soft )pedalpress...release the right ( sustaining ) pedal hand right hand left handspread the notes of a chord quickly, starting from the bottom noteaffectionate,with tenderness hurrying加上弱音器 除去弱音器用弓拉奏(在pizzicat 。