施心远主编听力教程4(第2版)Unit3答案

A Liste ning Course 4施心远主编《听力教程》4 （第2版）答案Unit 2Secti on One: Tactics for Liste ningPart 1: Listening and Translation1. Girls score higher tha n boys in almost every coun try.几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。

2. Differences between males and females are a continuing issue of fierce debate.男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。

3. Cultural and econo mic in flue nces play an importa nt part..文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。

4. But rece nt findings suggest that the an swer may lie in differe nces betwee n the male and female brai n.但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。

5. These in clude differe nces in lear ning rates.这些包括学习速度上的差异。

Secti on Two Liste ning Comprehe nsionPart 1 DialogueExercise: Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks withthe miss ing in formati on.Seren adi ng Service was foun ded three years ago whe n the sin ger realize that British people were desperate for roma nee.He thought there would be a elientele for a hired serenader . The idea came from his studies of Renaissanee music , which is full of serenades. Over the eenturies, university students have turned the sere nade into an art form for hire ______ . Usually he is hired by men to si ng love songs to women Occasi on ally he is asked to sing to menThe service is really a form of in timate alfresco theatre with love songs. Heusually wears a white tie a nd tails a nd sings amorous Italian songs. He will carry chocolate hearts or flowers a nd whe nthere is no bale ony available he will si ng from trees or fire escapes !The fee depends on whether a musician comes along or not. The basic rate is £ 450 but it can cost a lot more especially if he takes a gondola and a group of musicians along. Someoeople are so moved that they burst in to tears , but some react badly. They try to find out as much as they can about their clients to avoid unpleasant situations . They have to be very carefulthese days because a serenade can be completely misinterpreted .Part 2 PassageEx. A. Pre-liste ning Questi on What memory strategies do you know that can help you remember things better?1) Brain prioritizes by meaning, value and relevance.2) Your attitude has much to do with whether you remember something or not.3) Your understanding of new materials depends on what you already know.4) You can learn and rememberbetter if you can group ideas into some sort of meaningful categories or groups.5) The brain's quickest and probably the longest-lasting response is to images.6) Memoryis increased whenfacts to be learned are consciously associated with something familiar to you.Ex. B: Sentence Dictation1. Mnemonics are methods for remembering information that is otherwise quite difficult to recall.2. Our brains evolved to code and interpret complex stimuli such as images, colors, structures, sounds, smells, tastes, touch, positions, emotions and language.3. While language is one of the most important aspects of human evolution, it is only one of the many skills and resourcesavailable to our minds.4. Association is the method by which you link a thing to be remembered to a way of remembering it..5. Location gives you two things: a coherent context into which you can place information, and a way of separating one mnemonic from another.Ex. C: Detailed Listening.1. Mnemonics are tools which can help you to improve your memory. T. (Memory tools can help you to improve your memory. "Mnemonic" is another word for memory tool.)2. The fundamental principle of mnemonics is to make full use of the best functions of the brain to store information.T (The basic principle of mnemonics is to use as manyof the best functions of your brain as possible to store information.)3. Information we have to remember is almost always presented in different ways.F (Unfortunately information we have to remember is almost always presented in only one way--as words printed on a page.)4. We can do four things to form striking images, which will help to make our mnemonics more memorable.T ( Use positive, pleasant images; use vivid, colorful, sense-laden images; use all your senses to code information or dress up an image; give our image three dimensions, movement and space.)5. There is one basic principle in the use of mnemonics.F (There are three fundamental principles underlying the use of mnemonics: imagination, association and location)6. Association is what we use to create and strengthen imagination.F (Imagination is what you use to create and strengthen the associations needed to create effective mnemonics.)7. You can choose the imagery in your mnemonics as you like T (The imagery you use in your mnemonicscan be as violent, vivid, or sensual as you like, as long as it help you to remember.)8. You can create associations by linking things using the same stimuli. T. (You can create associations by linking them using the same color, smell, shape, or feeling.)Ex. D: After-listening Discussion1. What is the basic principle of mnemonics? Whycan we improve our memory by following the principle?To use as manyof the best functions of your brain as possible to store in formatio n.Evolved to code and in terpret complex stimuli. Use these tomake sophisticated models of the world.Our memories store all of these effectively.However, information is presented in only one way. Language is only one of the many skills and resources available to our min ds.By coding Ianguages and numbers in striking images,/ can reliable code both information and structure of information. Then easily recall these later.2. Why is a good memory importa nt to us?Ope n.Secti on Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summarize the n ewsThis news item is about the Somali pirates ' strike .Ex. B: Liste n to the n ews aga in and an swer the questio ns.1. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promisedrevenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the USnavy isn't clear.2. No, the pirates haven ' t been deferred.3. Because the financial rewards for a successful hijackingremain so great and Somalia remains so lawless.4. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen internationalwarships in the area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilometres.5. It may be because of the relatively small scale of the problem.Tape script of News Item One:The piracy problem looks like it's here to stay despite the recent muscular interventions by the French and American navies. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn't clear. But it does suggest at the very least that the pirates haven't been deterred.So why does the problem persist? Put simply maritime security analysts say piracy will continue as long as the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain so great and Somalia remains so lawless. Certainly the internationaleffort to thwart the problem is relatively limited. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warshipsin the area to police an expa nse of sea coveri ng more tha n a million square kilometres. Although it has been suggested thatraids could be moun ted on the pirates' home tow ns, it seems un likely there'll be any major in crease in the military effort uni ess there's a spectacular hijacki ng inv olvi ng the deaths ofmany crew members.The reluctanee to mount a major international naval operation in the area may also be down to the relatively small scale of the problem. Last year, according to figures from the Intern ati onal Maritime Bureau, n early twenty three thousa nd ships passed through the Gulf of Ade n. Only ninety two were hijacked.Rob Watso n, BBC NewsNews Item 2Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis news item is about Obama s military plan in Afgha ni sta n.Ex. B: True or false.1. The President is considering leaving Afghanistan.F. (The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not anoption.)2. Obamawouldn't shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan, neither would he deploy more military troops.T.3. President Obama thought his assessment would be "rigorous and deliberate".T.4. Opinions against Obama are not heard.F.( …some Republica ns and members of the Preside nt's own party are dubious about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight.)5. The conflict in Afghanistan seems to be over soon.F. ( … about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight.)6. Afghanistan can be the second Vietnam.T. (The word 'Vietnam' is heard more and more on CapitolHill.)Script of News Item Two:The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not an option. It's not on the table. According to one White House source, he told the meeting that he wouldn't shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan or opt for a strategy of merely targeting al-Qaeda leaders. But he wouldn't be drawn on the military request for more troops.There appears to be a frustration that the review of strategy has sometimes been portrayed in black-and-white terms of a massive increase or reduction of troop numbers.President Obama told the group made up of the most senior Republican and Democrat senators and congressmen that his assessment would be "rigorous and deliberate". But it's going on too longfor someRepublicans and membersof the President's own party are dubious about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight. The word 'Vietnam' is heard more and more on Capitol Hill.The President was certainly right when he said his final decision wouldn't make everyone in the room, or the country, happy.Mark Mardell, BBC News, WashingtonNews Item 3Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news itemThis news item is about fragile peace that returns to GazaEx. B: Liste n aga in and fill in the bla nks.There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives . Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behi nd. But the tanks are gone, on ly the deep tracks rema in.There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also bee n sn ipers waiting for them. North of Kha n Youn iswe saw someof the Qassamfighters returning home their rifles slunglazily around their shoulders.For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run ben eath the perimeter wall but last ni ght we met people who insist that someof these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian sider. If the border cross ings rema in close, say the Palesti nians, these tunn els are their only link to the outside world.Script of News Item 3There were traffic jams on the road north, families headingto Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the deep tracks remain.There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw someof the Qassamfighters returning home, their rifles slung lazily around their shoulders.The destruction we've seen has largely been inflicted on the Hamasinfrastructure: police stations, military outposts, government buildings, so far the most extensive damage - that at the border in Rafah where nothing was spared.For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run beneaththe perimeter wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumpedfrom the Egyptian side; impossible for us to verify independently, but they say they are determined to reopen them and to dig them deeper. If the border crossings remain close, say the Palestinians, these tunnels are their only link to the outside world.Christian Fraser, BBC News, GazaSecti on FourPart 1 Feature reportExercise A:This news report is about the recreatio n of the prehistoric __________ world in Lia oning, Chi na, based on the scie ntific findings on fossils discovered thereExercise B:1. 35 prehistoric animals were created.2. They recreated the extinct beasts through the marriage ofscie nee, art and tech no logy.3. The exhibit is not behind the glass or otherwise enclosed,so visitors are eye to eye with extinct beasts. It is displayed in thisway so that visitors will feel as if they ' ve stepped in to a Chi nese forest 130 millio n years in the past.4. He says it ' s accurate because every single plant, everyin sect, every orga nic feature in it actually represe nts somethi ng that has bee n found as a fossil in n ortheaster n Chi na.5. The only thing scientists had to make up is what color someof the ani mals were.6. According to Michael Novacek, birds are living dinosaurs.7. They study the moveme nts of com mon place turkeys, chicke nsand ostriches to learn how similarly-built dinosaurs wouldsta nd or walk.8. By using high-tech imagery, fossils, and the knowledge gained fromthe biology of barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower that the more than 70 kilometers perhour previously thought.Script :Dino saur Discoveries Made Possible through Art, Tech no logy,Moder n LivestockThe rolli ng hills of a province in n ortheaster n Chi na are now terraced for farmi ng, but ben eath that farmla nd are clues to a prehistoric world unlike any seen by humaneyes - until this week. Some 130 million years after dinosaurs roamed the Liaoning forest, the world has been painstakingly recreated inNew York City's America n Museum of Natural History.The sound of the prehistoric forest is one of the few thingsthat has bee n imag ined in this 65 square-meter diorama. Thegingko leaves, piney trees and life-sized models of 35 prehistoric animals were created through the marriage of scie nee, art and tech no logy, as every detail, dow n to the sleeping pose of a dinosaur, is based on scientific findings.The exhibit is not behind glass or otherwise enclosed, so visitors are eye-to-eye with extinct beasts, feeling as ifthey've stepped into a Chinese forest 130 million years in the past.Mark Norell is a pale on tologist who has worked in Lia oning,searchi ng for clues to recreate this prehistoric world."It's accurate because every sin gle pla nt, every in sect, every organic feature in it actually represents something that hasbee n found as a fossil in no rtheaster n Chin a," he expla in ed,"so the only thing that we had to sort of make up a little bitis what color some the an imals were. Eve n though we know some of theme were patterned, but we know definitely that they were patter ned, because we can see that is the soft tissue rema ins,but we don't know what color they were but we try to be a little conservative in that regard, but nevertheless all the feathers you see, allthe weird tail structures you see, is all stuff we found as fossils."Undern eath the gin gko trees, a feathered bird-like dino saurchases on two legs after a large win ged in sect, the dino saur's beak-like mouth open to reveal rows of jagged teeth. A sleeping dinosaur tucks its head beneath its arm, muchas a modern goose tucks its head ben eath its wing.The museum's curator of pale on tology, Michael Novacek, explains that it is necessary to understand birds in order to better un dersta nd ext inct creatures."The reas on birds are so importa nt to us is really a fact we were n't so aware of 10, 20 years ago is that birds are liv ing dino saurs. They're n ot just related to dino saurs. They are dino saurs," he stressed. "They're a branch of dino saurs, so convenien tly eno ugh dino saurs did n't go completely ext in ct.One group, the birds, survived."Scie ntists study the moveme nts of com mon place turkeys, chickens and ostriches to learn how similarly built dinosaurs would stand or walk. Researchers even created a computer model of a giant chicken to learn more about the movementsof the ever popular Tyranno saurus Rex.By using high tech imagery, fossils, and the kno wledge gained from the biology of bar nyard an imals, scie ntists now estimate the gia nt T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower than the more than 70 kilometers per hour previously thought.These scientific findings are passed along to model designers,such as the creator of a six-foot-l ong mecha ni cal T-Rex, a highlight of the new exhibit. The menacing skeleton's tail sways and its head bobs as the ext in ct di no saur shifts its weight, plodding in place - yet another example of the n ever-before-see n beco ming altogether real whe n scie nee and tech no logy meet art.Part 2 PassageExercise B1. The goal of this study was to determine what type of “gaze” isrequired to have this effect.2. The Queen' s study showed that the total amount of gazereceived during a group conversation is more important than whe n the eye con tact occurs.3. The eye con tact experime nt used computer-ge nerated imagesform actors who conveyed different levels of attention.4. The researchers concluded that people in group discussions willspeak up more if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group members.5. The effect of eye gaze has literally fascinated people throughout theages.6. Exercise C1. A2. D3. A4. D5. A6. C7. B8. BExercise D1. The eye contact experiment used computer-generated images fromactors who conveyed different levels of attention (gazing at thesubject, gazing at the other actor, looking away, and looking down).These images were presented to the subjects, whobelieved they were in an actual three-way video conferencing situation, attempting tosolve language puzzles. Two conditions were studied: synchronized (where eye contact is madewhile the subject is speaking) and random contact, received at any time in the conversation. The researchers concluded that people in group discussions will speak up more if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group members and the total amount of gaze received during a group conversation is more important thanwhen the eye contact occurs.2. Open.Script:Eye Contact Shown To Affect Conversation Patterns, GroupProblem-Solving AbilityNoting that the eyes have long been described as mirrors of the soul, a Queen's computer scientist is studying the effect of eye gaze on conversation and the implications for new-age technologies, ranging from video conferencing to speech recognition systems.Dr. Roel Vertegaal, who is presenting a paper on eye gaze at an international conference in New Orleans this week, has found evidence to suggest a strong link between the amount of eye contact people receive and their degree of participation in group communications. Eye contact is known to increase the number of turns a person will take when part of a group conversation. The goal of this study was to determine what type of "gaze" (looking at a person's eyes and face) is required to have this effect.Two conditions were studied: synchronized (where eye contact is made while the subject is speaking) and random contact, received at any time in the conversation. The Queen's study showed that the total amount of gaze received during a group conversation is more important than when the eye contact occurs.The findings have important implications for the design of future communication devices, including more user-friendly and sen sitive video conferencing systems - a tech no logy increasingly chosen in businessfor economic and time-saving reasons —and Collaborative VirtualEnvironments (CVEs) which support communication between people and machines. Dr. Vertegaal's group is also implementing these findings to facilitate user interactions with large groups of computers such as personal digital assistants and cellular phones.The eye contact experiment used computer-generated images from actors who conveyed different levels of attention (gazing at the subject, gazing at the other actor, looking away, and looking down). These images were presented to the subjects, who believed they were in an actual three-way video conferencing situation, attempting to solve language puzzles. The researchers concluded that people in group discussions will speak up more if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group members. There was no relationship between the impact of the eye contact and when it occurred."The effect of eye gaze has literally fascinated people throughout the ages," says Dr. Vertegaal, whose paper, Explaining Effects of Eye Gazeon Mediated Group Conversations: Amount or Synchronization? was presented this week at the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work."Sumerian clay tablets dating back to 3000 BC already tell the story of Ereshkigal, goddess of the underworld, who had the power to killInanna, goddess of love, with a deadly eye," says Dr. Vertegaal. "Now that we are attempting to build more sophisticated conversational interfaces that mirror the communicative capabilities of their users, it has becomeclear we need to learn more about communicative functions of gaze behaviors."。