人教版英语八年级下unit3讲解与练习

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? Section A1.Few, a few, little, a littleFew 几乎没有+可数名词复数There are few people in the room. Little 几乎没有+ 不可数名词There was little rain all winter.A few 少数，几个+ 可数名词复数He left his house a few minutes ago.A little 一点，少许+ 不可数名词Could you give me a little milk?【例】The girl in purple is new here, so ______ people know her.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little2. solve vt. 解答，解决Few students can solve the physics problem.problem 指客观存在的等待解决的“问题”，着重困难；e.g.: The students are working on a math problem.question 指对某事怀疑因而提出等待回答的“问题”，着重疑惑和不能断定e.g.: The students are asking the teacher some questions.3. For one week, she didn’t do any housework and neither did I.“neither + be动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语”表示“也不”。

e.g.: He doesn’t like swimming and neither do I.知识扩展：neither作代词，意为“（两者）都不”e.g.: Neither of my parents is at home.neither作形容词，与名词单数连用，意为“（两者）都不的”e.g.: Neither answer is right.neither… nor…意为“既不……也不……”e.g.: The room is neither big nor bright.典型例题：I can’t play the piano, and ______.A. neither can my sisterB. my sister can’t, too.C. so can’t my sisterD. can my sister, either4. Finally, I could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.or 连词意为“也不”，表示并列关系，常用于否定句，连接并列的词或短语。

e.g.: He can’t read or write.表示选择关系，用于陈述句，意为“或，或者”；用于疑问句中，意为“还是”e.g.: Answer yes or no.Is your bag red or black?表示转折关系，意为“否则，要不然”e.g.: Hurry up, or you’ll be late.5. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.as soon as “一……就……”,引导时间状语从句e.g.: He left as soon as h heard the news.【辨析】in front of与in the front of区别in front of “在……的前面”，是指在一定范围外e.g.: Mary is in front of the car.in the front of “在……的前部”，是指在一定范围内e.g.: Cathy is in the front of the car.7. pass vt. 传递pass sb. sth.= pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物e.g.: Please pass me a towel.=8. lend, borrow和keep的区别lend vt. (过去式、过去分词lent)借给，借出常用短语：lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物延续性e.g.: Jack lent his book to Mary last week.borrow vt. 借，借用常用短语：borrow sb. sth. = borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物非延续性e.g.: Sam borrowed a car from his friend.keep vt. 延续性动词；保持，保存延续性e.g.: Mary may keep the book for two weeks.典型例题：-- Can I ______ your bike?-- With pleasure. But you mustn’t _______ it to others.A.lend; borrowB. borrow; lendC. lend; lendD. borrow; borrowSection B9.waste n. 不可数浪费，废物，垃圾e.g.: I hate waste.固定结构：a waste of time 浪费时间adj. 无用的，浪费的，荒废的e.g.: We shouldn’t throw waste paper about.vt. 浪费e.g.: People shouldn’t waste food.10. 四种“花费”(1) spend vt. 指花费时间、金钱或精力；主语为人。

结构：sb. spend time/ money on sth.= sb. spend time/ money (in) doing sth.e.g.: She spent 50 dollars on the skirt.(2) pay v. 指支付、花费金钱；主语为人。

结构：sb. pay (sb.) money (for sth.)e.g.: She paid 50, 000 dollars for the car.(3) cost v. 指花费金钱、精力等；主语为物。

结构：sth. costs (sb.) money.e.g.: The house cost them a lot of money.(4) take v. 指花费时间。

结构：It takes sb. time to do sth. it为形式主语e.g.: It took him three weeks to finish the work.11. provide vt. 提供，供给结构：provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物e.g.: He has to provide food and clothes for his family.习语：It all depends. That depends. 视情况而定。

12. since 连词自……以后；自……以来，引导时间状语从句e.g.: It is two years since we visited your mother.由为，既然，引导原因状语从句e.g.: Since we don’t have money, we can’t buy a house.13. As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped.as a result 习惯用语，意为“结果，因此”e.g.: As a result, we had to change our plan.as a result of 由于……,作为……的结果e.g.: He was late as a result of snow.此处fall(fell, fallen) 为联系动词“进入某种状态；变成”Finally she fell silent.【辨析】fall ill 与be illFall ill “生病” 一时动作非延续He fell ill last week.Be ill “生病” 状态延续He has been ill for a week.Conclusion of the unit1. do the dishes 洗餐具2. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾3. go out 出去4. help out 帮助做完某事5. at least 至少6. in surprise 惊讶地7. throw down 扔下8. all the time 频繁，反复9. spend… on…在……花费（时间或金钱）10. as soon as 一……就……11. in order to 为了12. provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物13. depend on 依赖，信赖14. look after = take care of 照顾，照看15. get into 进入16. as a result 结果，因此17 finish doing sth. 做完某事18. mind doing sth. 介意做某事19. learn how to do sth. 学会怎样做某事20. the+比较级，the+比较级越……就越……【Grammar】--情态动词could的用法情态动词could用于有礼貌地提出要求或请求准许，用于疑问句，代替can，在时间上与can没有区别，但语气要比can委婉、有礼貌。

回答时要用can，不能用could。

除此之外，肯定回答还可以用Sure./ Certainly./ Yes, sure./ No problem. /With pleasure.等；否定回答还可以用I'm afraid not.等⏹Could you please lend me your dictionary?⏹Yes, sure.Could的其他用法：(1) could为can的过去式，表示能力。

e.g.: He said that he couldn’t come.(2) 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句，此时could与can无时间上区别，但语气比can缓和，情绪要弱。

e.g.: He couldn’t / can’t be over fifty.(3) 表示可能性，指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。