定语从句
定语从句的类型及例子

定语从句的类型及例子
定语从句的类型主要有三种:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和同位语从句。
以下每种类型各举一个例子,中英文间隔呈现:
1. 限制性定语从句
中文:这是一本我曾经读过的书。
英文:This is a book that I have ever read.
限制性定语从句通过提供必要的信息来定义或限制先行词(本句中的“书”),如果去掉定语从句,原句的意义将不完整或发生变化。
2. 非限制性定语从句
中文:我的邻居,一个和蔼的老人,经常帮助我。
英文:My neighbor, who is a kind old man, often helps me.
非限制性定语从句对先行词(本句中的“邻居”)提供额外信息,这些信息不是定义性的,如果去掉定语从句,原句的基本意义仍然完整。
3. 同位语从句
中文:我有一个梦想,那就是环游世界。
英文:I have a dream that is to travel around the world.
同位语从句用于解释或说明先行词(本句中的“梦想”)的具体内容,它与先行词在逻辑上是等同的,通常通过“that”引导从句。
这些例子展示了定语从句的不同类型及其在句子中的应用。
通过正确使用定语从句,我们可以更具体、更生动地描述事物和情境。
定语从句

4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如:
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.
The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换,因为它在此句中既指人又指物)
在强调句子中,并且以who,which,what开头时。如:
Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中,最好不用who来代替that,避免重复)What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了?
当先行词前有序数词时。如:
The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.
桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。(关系代词that在从句中作主语,指物。此句中的that可以用which替换)
Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢?(关系代词that在从句中作宾语,指物。此句中的that不能用which替换)
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书,并且离这儿不远。
当先行词被the last ,the very 和the only修饰时。如:
This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。
(完整版)定语从句详解+例句

Attributive Clause定语从句一、定义定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句。
换句话说,名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1关系代词:在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分2关系副词:在定语从句中担任状语成分关系词3个功能:1. 连接功能(连接先行词与定语从句);2. 担任功能(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语);3. 替代功能(在定语从句中代替先行词)。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的是: who, that, which, as宾语的是: who, whom, that, which, as定语的是: whose, which先行词是人时,关系代词是:who, whom, that, as先行词是物时,关系代词是:which, that, whose, as关系副词有:when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)关系副词 = 介词 + which / whom定语从句分为两种:限制性与非限制性。
先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性;有逗号隔开则为非限制性,且一般由which引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
定语从句详解(很全)

定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as。
关系副词有:when,where,why,how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”,who不能译为“谁”,when不能译为“什么时候”,where不能译为“什么地方”,等等。
首先,我们必须要明白一点,那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词(关系代词或关系副词),而不是疑问词,所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
前面我们讲到,英语中的定语从句总是后置的,即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后;但在汉语中,定语通常是前置的,也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面,并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。
当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候,一般可以按汉语习惯,将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前,而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。
如:He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”,其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。
英语所有定语从句大全

英语所有定语从句大全什么是定语从句?定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,它通常放在被修饰词之后。
定语从句起到限定和补充被修饰名词或代词的作用。
定语从句的分类定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是对被修饰词进行限定的从句,如果删除该从句,主句的意思会受到严重影响。
例:The book that is on the table is mine.这本放在桌子上的书是我的。
2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是对被修饰词进行补充说明的从句,如果删除该从句,主句的意思仍然可以完整表达。
例:John, who is a doctor, is my neighbor.约翰是我的邻居,他是个医生。
定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由引导词引导,以下是一些常用的引导词:- 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that- 关系副词:where, when, why关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句用来修饰人或物的名词,以下是各个关系代词的用法和例句:1. who- 用法:修饰人,并在定语从句中作主语。
- 例句:The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
2. whom- 用法:修饰人,并在定语从句中作宾语。
- 例句:The woman whom I met yesterday is a famous actress. 我昨天遇到的那位女士是一位著名的演员。
3. whose- 用法:修饰人或物,并表示所属关系。
- 例句:The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police. 那个车被盗的男子向警方报案了。
4. which- 用法:修饰物,并在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
- 例句:The book which is on the shelf is very interesting.在书架上的那本书非常有趣。
定语从句归纳

定语从句(the attributive clause)一.什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二.定语从句的结构及种类1.结构:关系词+主语+谓语+其它2.种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词:who,whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词:when,where,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。
五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who。
The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that. 另外,that可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③当先行词被all, some, any修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last修饰时This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.⑦尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。
定语从句讲解(完整版)

定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构,用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中,定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面,我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词,即被修饰的名词或代词;关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来;从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词:先行词通常是名词或代词,它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)2. 关系词:关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)3. 从句:从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如:那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句一、几个基本概念1.定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/which/whom/whose﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why﹙3﹚引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
﹙4﹚引导词的功能(作用):①连接先行词和定语从句。
②在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
5.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句Eg.The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Eg.The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.=介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在相关动词之后。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.※﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
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定语从句
含义::对一个名词进行描述限定的句子,叫做定语从句。
先行词关系词
物that/which
人that/who/whom
人的/物的whose=of which/of whom
时间when=介词+which
地点where=介词+which
原因why=for which
1.I have a class_______ begins at 8 o’clock.
2.The lawyer_______ my brother called didn’t answer the phone.
3.My daughter asked me a question_______ I could n’t answer.
4.The people_______ sat in the stadium cheered for the home team.
5.Leo is the student_______ bike was stolen.
6.Australia is one of the few countries_______ people drive on the left.
7.Sunday is the day_______ people usually don’t go to work.
8.Is there any particular reason_______ you can’t come?
技巧:关系词的选择要看先行词,并确定先行词在从句中充当的成分。
The teacher_____________________________________________
去年教过我英语的老师
The book_____________________________________________
我昨天买的那本书
The game_____________________________________________
男孩子们每天玩的那个游戏
The passenger_____________________________________________
从伦敦飞到北京的那个乘客
I lost the book_____________________________________________
我弄丢了上周从图书馆借的书
The woman____________________________ was feeding pigeons.
我在公园看见那位女士正在喂鸽子
We like professor Lee____________________________
我们喜欢李教授,他的讲座非常精彩
The bus____________________________ is usually very crowded.
我们团上学做的那辆公交车总是很拥挤
I cannot remember the day_____________________________________________ 我记不起上一次我们是什么时候碰面的
书写定语从句的技巧:先写出一个陈述句,后面再加一个关系词
限定性与非限定性定语从句
I met your friend_______ who is staying in Paris.
I met your mother_______ who is staying in Paris.
This is the wall_______ which is built last week.
This is the Great Wall_______ which is world-famous.
He came from Beijing_______ is the capital of china.
He came from a city_______ is in the north of China.
This is the businessman_______ we cooperate with.
This is Bill Gates_______ many people know as the riches man.
确定使用限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句在于看所修饰的名词范围是否明确?!如果明确,就不需要修饰限定;如果不明确,就需要修饰限定。
注意:非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省,指物时只用which不用that,指人只用whom
特殊非限制性定语从句
The baby is so cute,which we can see.
The company will get back to you in three dys,which is one of the typical rules.
Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Service Group,which named him CEO and chirman on September,2009.
介词提前的定语从句
This is the job which/that/X I have dreamed of for years.
This is the job of which I have dreamed of for years.
Humans have the ablity to modify the environment in which the live.
This is the theory on which it is based may be right.
注意:介词提前的定语从句中的关系词不能省,指物时只用which不用that,指人只用whom
特殊关系词的定语从句as
The baby is so cute,as we can see.
As we can see, the baby is so cute.
The baby,as we can see, is so cute.
China,as we all know, is a developing country.
“China is a developing country.” As the president said,is true.
As的位置:as的位置可以位于句首居中(通常位于主谓之间)和句尾,而which只能位于句子中间。
分裂结构的定语从句
There exists no language or dialet in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.(插入介词短语)
It can be predicted,however,that from time to time,questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers.(后移式)
1.含义
2.位置
3.写法
4.分类
5.补充:介词提前/特殊关系词/分裂结构。