英语国家概况 英国教育
《英语国家概况》英国教育历史发展课件
二战后英国教育发展与改革
1944年
《1944年 教育改革法》 与学制构建
1963年
《罗宾斯报 告》与高等教 育大发展
1988年
《1988年 教育改革法》 与国家统一课 程
英国现行教育制度
英国教育行政制度
中央教育行政
议会
内阁与枢密院
教育与技能部 （Department of Education and Skills）
至二战结束前，英国教育双轨制非常明显，公立学 校和私立学校并存，各成体系，互不相同。
二战前英国教育演进
13C’以前
以宗教教义 为核心的宗教 教育时期
13C’～ 16C’
贵族教育的 形成与发展
17C’～20C’ 初
平民教育 的产生与发展， 双轨制的确立
第二次世界大战后的英国教育发展与改革
《1944年教育法》 主要内容：
在权力分配方面，教育和科学部只是进行宏观调控， 地方一级才对学校具有经营与管理的实权，他们不是 上下级的从属关系，而是一种“伙伴”关系。
英国教育行政制度概述
地方教育行政 英国现行地方政府体制，以都市郡的区、非都市郡、
内伦敦和外伦敦的市为地方教育行政单位。地方教育 当局从总体上负责协调本地区教育的管理，促进教育 质量的提高，其主要职责是：为本地区的学校制订目 标，对学校系统进行监督、评价和指导；维持部分教 育经费的分配与控制权；管理和规划本地区的继续教 育。地方教育当局包括教育委员会和教育局。
《 1988年教育改革法》与推行国家统一课程
《1988年教育改革法》最引人注目的改革措施就是推行国 家统一课程。该法由此被认为是继《1944年教育法》后英国 最重要的一部教育法。
《1988年教育改革法》规定：在义务教育期间，学生必须 学习国家统一课程，包括10门基础学科，数学、英语、科学、 历史、地理、技术学、音乐、艺术、体育和现代外语，其中数 学、科学、英语为核心课程；为每门国家课程制定统一的成绩 目标和教学大纲，并在7、11、14和16岁时对学生进行全国 性评估，包括国家规定的考试。在高等教育方面，对负责大学 和高等教育系统的两大中介拨款机构进行了改革，目的在于加 强政府对大学的控制，密切高等教育与社会和工商界的联系。
英语国家概况英美对比
英语国家概况英美对比英国（The United Kingdom）和美国（The United States）是两个以英语为官方语言的国家，因此有许多共同之处。
但是，它们在政治、历史、文化和社会方面也存在一些显著的差异。
政治制度：英国是一个君主立宪制国家，君主是国家元首，而首相是政府的首脑。
美国是一个联邦制共和国，总统是国家元首兼政府首脑。
政治体系：英国是一个议会制度，国家最高立法机构是议会，由下议院和上议院组成。
美国是一个总统制度，国家最高立法机构是国会，由参议院和众议院组成。
地理位置：英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家。
美国位于北美洲，是一个包括50个州的联邦共和国。
历史：英国是一个历史悠久的国家，曾经是大英帝国的中心。
美国是一个相对较年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离了英国的统治，并在19世纪发展成为一个强大的国家。
文化：英国是文化的发源地之一，拥有众多的文学、戏剧和音乐作品。
美国文化则是一个融合了来自世界各地的移民文化的独特混合体，具有多样性和包容性。
语言：英国英语和美国英语有一些差异，包括发音、词汇和拼写等方面。
英国英语通常被认为更加保守和正式，而美国英语则更加开放和非正式。
经济：英国是世界上最大的金融中心之一，拥有发达的服务业和制造业。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，具有多样化和创新的经济结构。
教育：英国拥有世界上一些最古老和著名的大学，如牛津大学和剑桥大学。
美国也拥有一些世界上顶尖的大学和研究机构，如哈佛大学和斯坦福大学。
总体而言，英国和美国都是世界上具有重要影响力的国家，它们在许多方面都有独特之处，同时也有一些共同的价值观和文化传统。
《英语国家概况》Unit 9 British Education课件
Case Study
• Compared with that in Chinese counterparts, the curriculum in the UK primary or secondary schools is much simpler. (esp. mathematics & reading)
• Prep Schools (预备学校) (from 7/8 to 13) (separate; fees; entrance exam )
• State Schools (93%) 1. Comprehensive Schools ( 综 合 中 学 ) (84%) (No
entrance exam, general education)
Tertiary education
• 延续教育(Further Education)是继小学(Primary)中学 (Secondary)教育之后的“第三级教育”(Tertiary)。为 进入高等教育或者就业打下基础。也是中国的高中学生 留学英国的关键阶段。一般来说接受延续教育的学生介 于16和18岁之间。
• Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (General National Vocational Qualification 国家专业资 格证书, 5 levels).
• At 18, they take GCE A-level examinations (Advanced General Certificate of Education 高级水平普通教育证书 ＝大学入学考试), usually in not more than 3 subjects. It’s necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university or other institutions of higher education.
英语国家概况复习资料
英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。
一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。
它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。
此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。
二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。
美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。
美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。
此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。
三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。
加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。
加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。
此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。
四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。
澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。
澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。
此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。
五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。
新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。
新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。
英语国家概况 英国chapter7v2
access n. 途径 have access to sth. ad hoc a. 特别的,专门的 on an ad hoc basis 临时权宜地 compulsory adj. 义务的必修的 compulsory education corporal/physical punishment 体罚 elite n. 社会精英 civil servant curriculum n. 课程 plural form? Curricular? evacuate vt. 腾空；腾出 evacuation executive n. 行政人员 CEO? literacy n. 识字；有学问 literate adj. n. 有学问的，学者 illiteracy illiterate truancy n. 逃学；旷课 truant adj. n. truant from school proficient adj. 熟练的；精通的 proficiency residential/boarding school 寄宿学校
The
history of British education system The present education system Higher education
Grammar
school Comprehensive school Vocational school Public school Oxbridge 11-plus examination11＋考试 GCSE （General Certificate of Secondary Education）中学毕业证书 General Certificate of EducationAdvanced: A Level 高级水平测试结业证书
英语国家概况（伦敦）
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
The United Kingdom (Uk)
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
威斯敏斯特宫
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
威斯敏斯特宫
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
伦敦塔桥
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
North Ireland （北爱尔兰)
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
长宽比： 1:2 The Union Flag
米字旗是大不列颠及北 爱尔兰联合王国的国旗。 它是由英格兰的圣乔治 十字旗（白地红色正十 字）和苏格兰的圣安德 鲁十字旗（蓝地白色斜 十字）加上爱尔兰的圣 帕特里克十字旗（白地 红色斜十字）合并而成。
伦敦眼
英语国家概况(英国部分)
Chapter 1 The Land and History英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰构成，位于大西洋东部的不列颠群岛，是个岛屿国家，由大不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛北部和众多小岛组成。
面积约24.40万平方公里，人口超过6400万(2013年)。
英国属于温带海洋气候，常年温和多雨，气候多变。
受高纬度因素的影响，有类似极昼极夜的现象，冬季日短夜长，夏季日长夜短。
公元前3000年左右，伊比亚人最先到达大不列颠岛。
随后，比克利人、凯尔特人相继来到不列颠。
公元前1世纪到公元5世纪，罗马入侵。
罗马人撤离后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁撒克逊人和以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚先后入侵。
到了1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉征服了英格兰，英国的封建制度正式形成。
1215年，国王约翰被迫签订了大宪章。
不久，议会制度形成，从此英国的王权被不断削弱和限制。
1688年，“光荣革命”爆发，确立了君主立宪制。
18世纪后期到19世纪前期，英国成为世界上第一个开始并完成工业革命的国家。
19世纪是英国发展的鼎盛时期，分别建立了第一大英帝国和第二大英帝国。
到二战前夕，英国统治了世界约1/4的土地。
第一次世界大战以及第二次世界大战的爆发，导致英国的政治、经济势力大为削弱，失去了霸权地位。
随着其殖民地的相继独立，20世纪60年代，大英帝国彻底瓦解。
I. General IntroductionMap of British Isles1. Location and the Four NationsThe full name of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is made up of four nations: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. It is located to the northwest of continental Europe, separated by the English Channel. Geographically, it is an island country, covering an area of about 244,019 km2, and consists of Great Britain and northeastern part of Ireland, together with many small islands of British Isles.Great Britain accounts for over 90% of the country’s tota l landmass. It is the largest island off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe with England, Scotland and Wales on it. Ireland is the second largest island of British Isles located to the northwest of Great Britain. It is divided into two parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (an independent country).England is the largest part of the UK and occupies most of the southern two thirds of Great Britain. The total area of England is 130,410 km2 with a population of around 53.9 million (Mid-2013 estimated), which covers more than 84% of the total UK population. It is the most populous and highly urbanized part of the UK. London, the capital of the UK and England, as well as the seat of government, is located in its southeastern part.Scotland is the second largest and most mountainous part of the UK in the north of Great Britain. Compared with that of England, the population density is quite low. There are only 5.3 million people with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinburgh, its largest city, is the capital of Scotland. Scotland is famous for its beautiful natural scenery, such as Scottish Highlands1and Loch Ness2, as well as many historical places, like the Edinburgh Castles.Wales is on the western side of central southern Great Britain. The total area of Wales is 20,779 km2, which accounts for 1/4 parts of the UK. It is also a mountainous part of Great Britain, particularly in the north and central regions. The southeast region is the most built up region of Wales, and the majority of its population live there and a large proportion of its industry is based there. Its capital city, Cardiff, is also in this region.Northern Ireland lies in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering14,139 km2, which constitutes 1/6 of the island. It is the smallest part among the four nations of the UK, as well as the second sparsely populated part after Scotland. The capital is Belfast, the largest city in Northern Ireland both in population and in area. It is the center for government, economic, arts, higher education, business, law of Northern Ireland. Additionally, it is the birthplace of Titanic, and voted one of the world’s top destinations.2. ClimateThe overall climate in the UK is temperate maritime, which means that it is mild with temperatures neither much lower than 0℃in winter nor much higher 32℃in summer. Generally, the UK has warm summers and cool winters, with July and August as the warmest month, and January and February as the coldest. However, due to the influence of Gulf Stream3, the summers are cooler than those in continent while the winters are milder. Normally, the temperature in summer is around 20℃，with the high rarely going above 30℃. The average temperature in winter is around 0℃and seldom go below -10℃even in the most northern part of the country.Meanwhile, since Britain is an island country and surrounded by the sea, the climate is considerably changeable compared with other countries. Since the variable climate changing day to day, it is hard for people to predict what the weather will be like the next day. Additionally, the unique geographical position is also the reason for the dampness of the climate. The rainfall is fairly distributed throughout the year. Although it does not rain every day, it is always advisable for people to bring an umbrella or waterproof clothing every day.II. History1. The Founding of the NationThe recorded history of the UK begins with the Roman invasion in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Britain was twice invaded by Julius Caesar and his Roman troops. However, it was not until 43AD that the Roman led by Claudius I finally successfully invaded and Britain became part of the Roman Empire. The native Celtic were driven to the mountain regions of Scotland and Wales, which remained unconquered by the Romans.The Romans have great impact on many aspects of the British culture. The Roman civilization was introduced to the Britain during this period. For example, Roman style baths and temples were built, cities like London and towns were constructed, and the system of government was also introduced. With the decline of the Roman Empire, when the Germanic troops attacked Rome in 410 A.D., the Romans had to withdraw in order to protect their own nation, which led to the end of Roman occupation.After the leave of the Romans, three groups of Germanic tribes called the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons came to Britain from the European continent in the mid-4th century. They conquered different regions of Britain:1Scottish Highlands：苏格兰高地，是对苏格兰高地边界断层以西和以北的山地的称，被认为是欧洲风景最优美的地区。
英语国家概况（英国部分）
Chapt e r 1 The Land and Histo r y英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰构成，位于大西洋东部的不列颠群岛，是个岛屿国家，由大不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛北部和众多小岛组成。
面积约24.40万平方公里，人口超过6400万(2013年)。
英国属于温带海洋气候，常年温和多雨，气候多变。
受高纬度因素的影响，有类似极昼极夜的现象，冬季日短夜长，夏季日长夜短。
公元前3000年左右，伊比亚人最先到达大不列颠岛。
随后，比克利人、凯尔特人相继来到不列颠。
公元前1世纪到公元5世纪，罗马入侵。
罗马人撤离后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁撒克逊人和以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚先后入侵。
到了1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉征服了英格兰，英国的封建制度正式形成。
1215年，国王约翰被迫签订了大宪章。
不久，议会制度形成，从此英国的王权被不断削弱和限制。
1688年，―光荣革命‖爆发，确立了君主立宪制。
18世纪后期到19世纪前期，英国成为世界上第一个开始并完成工业革命的国家。
19世纪是英国发展的鼎盛时期，分别建立了第一大英帝国和第二大英帝国。
到二战前夕，英国统治了世界约1/4的土地。
第一次世界大战以及第二次世界大战的爆发，导致英国的政治、经济势力大为削弱，失去了霸权地位。
随着其殖民地的相继独立，20世纪60年代，大英帝国彻底瓦解。
I. Gener a l Intro d ucti o n1. Locat i on and the Four Natio n s The full name of the UK is the Unite d Kingd o m of Great Brita i n and North e rn Irela n d. It is made up of four natio n s: Engla n d, Scotl a nd, North e rn Irela n d, and Wales . It is locat e d to the north w est of conti n enta l Europ e , separ a ted by the Engli s h Chann e l. Geogr a phic a lly, it is an islan d count r y, cover i ng an area of about 244,019 km 2, and consi s ts of Great Brita i n and north e aste r n part of Irela n d, toget h er with many small islan d s of Briti s h Isles . Great Brita i n accou n ts for over 90% of the count r y’stotal landm a ss. It is the large s t islan d off the north w este r n coast of mainl a nd Europ e with Engla n d, Scotl a nd and Wales on it. Irela n d is the secon d large s t islan d of Briti s h Isles locat e d to the north w est of Great Brita i n. It is divid e d into two parts : North e rn Irela n d and the Repub l ic of Irela n d (an indep e nden t count r y).Engla n d is the large s t part of the UK and occup i es most of the south e rn two third s of Great Brita i n. The total area of Engla n d is 130,410 km 2 with a popul a tion of aroun d 53.9 milli o n (Mid-2013 estim a ted), which cover s morethan 84% of the total UK popul a tion . It is the most popul o us and highl y urban i zed part of the UK . Londo n , the capit a l of the UK and Engla n d, as well as the seat of gover n ment , is locat e d in its south e aste rn part.Map of Briti s h Isles Scotla nd is the second larges t and most mounta inous part of the UK in the northof GreatBritai n. Compar ed with that of Englan d, the popula tiondensit y is quitelow. Thereare only 5.3 millio n people with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinbu rgh, its larges t city, is the capita l of Scotla nd. Scotla nd is famous for its beauti ful natura l scener y, such as Scotti s h Highla nds1and Loch Ness2, as well as many histor icalplaces, like the Edinbu rgh Castle s.Walesis on the wester n side of centra l southe rn GreatBritai n. The totalarea of Walesis 20,779 km2, whichaccoun ts for 1/4 partsof the UK. It is also a mounta inous part of GreatBritai n, partic ularl y in the northand centra l region s. The southe ast region is the most builtup region of Wales, and the majori ty of its popula tionlive thereand a largepropor tionof its indust ry is basedthere. Its capita l city, Cardif f, is also in this region.Northe rn Irelan d lies in the northe ast of the island of Irelan d, coveri ng14,139 km2, whichconsti tutes 1/6 of the island. It is the smalle st part amongthe four nation s of the UK, as well as the second sparse ly popula ted part afterScotla nd. The capita l is Belfas t, the larges t city in Northe rn Irelan d both in popula tionand in area. It is the center for govern ment,econom ic, arts, higher educat ion, busine ss, law of Northe rn Irelan d. Additi onall y, it is the birthp laceof Titani c, and votedone of the world’stopdestin ation s.2. Climat eThe overal l climat e in the UK is temper ate mariti me, whichmeansthat it is mild with temper ature s neithe r much lowerthan 0℃ in winter nor much higher 32℃ in summer. Genera lly, the UK has warm summer s and cool winter s, with July and August as the warmes t month, and Januar y and Februa ry as the coldes t. Howeve r, due to the influe nce of Gulf Stream3, the summer s are cooler than thosein contin ent whilethe winter s are milder. Normal ly, the temper ature in summer is around20℃，with the high rarely goingabove30℃. The averag e temper ature in winter is around 0℃ and seldom go below-10℃ even in the most northe rn part of the countr y.Meanwh ile, sinceBritai n is an island countr y and surrou ndedby the sea, the climat e is consid erabl y change ablecompar ed with othercountr ies. Sincethe variab le climat e changi ng day to day, it is hard for people to predic t what the weathe r will be like the next day. Additi onall y, the unique geogra phica l positi on is also the reason for the dampne ss of the climat e. The rainfa ll is fairly distri buted throug houtthe year. Althou gh it does not rain everyday, it is always advisa ble for people to bringan umbrel la or waterp roofclothi ng everyday.II. Histor y1. The Foundi ng of the NationThe record ed histor y of the UK begins with the Romaninvasi on in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Britai n was twiceinvade d by Julius Caesar and his Romantroops. Howeve r, it was not until43AD that the Romanled by Claudi us I finall y succes sfull y invade d and Britai n became part of the RomanEmpire. The native Celtic were driven to the mounta in region s of Scotla nd and Wales, whichremain ed unconq uered by the Romans.The Romans have greatimpact on many aspect s of the Britis h cultur e. The Romancivili zatio n was introd ucedto the Britai n during this period. For exampl e, Romanstylebathsand temple s were built, cities like London and townswere constr ucted, and the system of govern mentwas also introd uced. With the declin e of the RomanEmpire, when the German ic troops attack ed Rome in 410 A.D., the Romans had to withdr aw in orderto protec t theirown nation, whichled to the end of Romanoccupa tion.Afterthe leaveof the Romans, threegroups of German ic tribes called the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons came to Britai n from the Europe an contin ent in the mid-4th centur y. They conque red differ ent region s of Britai n:1Scotti sh Highla nds：苏格兰高地，是对苏格兰高地边界断层以西和以北的山地的称，被认为是欧洲风景最优美的地区。
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the Tripartite System
The Tripartite System /traɪ`pɑːtaɪt/ was the arrangement of state funded secondary education between 1944 and the 1970s in England and Wales, and from 1947 to 2009 in Northern Ireland. It was an administrative implementation of the Education Act 1944 and the Education Act (Northern Ireland) 1947. State funded secondary education was arranged into a structure containing three types of school, namely: grammar school, secondary technical school and secondary modern school. Pupils were allocated to their respective types of school according to their performance in the Eleven Plus examination. It was the prevalent system under the Conservative governments of the 1951 to 1964 period, but was actively discouraged by the Labour government after 1965. It was formally abolished in England and Wales in 1976 giving way to the Comprehensive System. However, elements of similar systems persist in several English counties such as Kent which maintains the grammar school system alongside comprehensive schools. The system's merits and demerits, in particular the need and selection for grammar schools, proved to be a contentious issue at the time and still remain so.
O Leveln schools
Designed for the majority of pupils----those who do not achieve scores in the top 25% of the eleven plus examination. Teachers are free to develop their own ideas, depending on the equipment and the qualifications.
British Education
Education is a vital concern throughout Britain because a highly developed nation depends upon educated professionals and a skilled workforce. The literacy rate in Britain is one of the highest in the world at over 99 percent.
Education System
Basic Education Higher Education
Elementary Secondary Education Education
Universities & Colleges
State Elementary Education
Public Elementary Education
/wiki/Tripartite_system_of_education_in_England,_Wales_and_Northern_Ireland
Eleven Plus examination
Usually, it consisted of three papers:
State schools
Independent schools
Comprehensive Schools Grammar Schools Secondary modern Schools Public schools
Grammar schools
The oldest schools in the UK (Shakespeare) Reserved for students who got high marks in the Eleven Plus examination or selected by other means Concerned with the business of getting ready for the examinations Some are academically among the best schools in England.
/wiki/Direct_grant_grammar_school
Direct grant grammar school
The status was introduced by the Education Act 1944 as a modification of an existing direct grant scheme to privately endowed schools. There were 179 direct grant grammar schools, which together with over 1200 grammar schools maintained by local authorities formed the most academic tier of the Tripartite System. They varied greatly in size and composition, but on average achieved higher academic results than either maintained grammar schools or independent schools. When state secondary education was reorganised on comprehensive lines in the 1970s, the direct grant was phased out and the schools required to choose between becoming maintained comprehensive schools or fully independent schools. Forty-five schools, almost all Roman Catholic, joined the state system, and a few closed. The rest (including all the secular schools) became independent, and mostly remain as highly selective independent schools.
Ages: 5-11
Kindergarten / Nursery Schools: 3-5
Ages: 3-13
Kindergarten / Nursery Schools: 3-5
Co-educational
Infants’ school/ First School: 5-7
Junior School: 7-11
Harrow School Winchester College
Eton College
Eton College is a private secondary school in Berkshire County in southern England. The preparatory school was founded by King Henry VI in 1440. A statue of Henry VI stands in the courtyard of the college.
Comprehensive secondary schools
A comprehensive school is a secondary school or state school for children from the age of 11 to at least 16 that does not select children on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. Subjects learned Examinations before graduation
/wiki/Eleven_plus_exam
Most children took the Eleven Plus transfer test examination in their final year of primary school: usually at age 10 or 11.
Private School: 5Three terms with holidays 7/8 at Christmas, Easter, summer Pre School: 7/8-13