英汉汉英视译教程序言
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英汉翻译教程(1)教学文稿
2. the nature of translation
Translation means translating meanings(Nida).
……
3 the rules of translation
Alexander Fraser Tytler’s 3 principles(1797) :
3.4 Hans & Vermeer：the theory of “skopos”
3.5 钱钟书： 化境
Sublimed adaptation
3.6 傅雷：
“神似”论 spiritual conformity
Polysystem translation theory Deconstruction theory Culture turn in translation …
2. the nature of translation
Translation is an intentional, interpersonal, partly verbal intercultural inte001）
The translation of science and technology works from late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty.
The translation of Western natural science and social science works (1840-1919)
The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work.
The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
新编英汉翻译教程-第一章翻译概论.ppt
• What did you do just now? • What is translation in your opinion? • How do you judge the translation is good or not?
• These questions are what we will get to know in this class.
可译性
不可译性
• Examples • 塞翁失马，焉知非福。 • Behind bad luck comes good luck. • 情人眼里出西施。 • Beauty lies in lover's eyes. • 语言之间的可译性是绝对的，不可译性是相对的。
• What is the aim of translation?
12. 我们只做正确的鸡！
•
13. 我们肯定是鸡！
•
14. 只有我们可以做鸡！
•
15. 向右看! 有鸡！
•
16. 我们要对鸡好！
•
17. 我们愿意鸡好！
•
18. 我们的材料是正宗的鸡肉！
•
19. 我们公正的做鸡！
•
20. 我们做鸡正点耶～～
•
21. 我们只做正版的鸡！
•
22. 我们做鸡做的很正确！
•
23. 我们正在做鸡好不好？
•
24. 我们一定要把鸡打成右派！
•
25. 我们做的是右派的鸡！
•
26. 我们只做右撇子鸡！
• 正确答案是： • We do chicken right！-------------我们是烹鸡专家！
• Questions: What are the criteria of translation? Or what is a good translation?
• These questions are what we will get to know in this class.
可译性
不可译性
• Examples • 塞翁失马，焉知非福。 • Behind bad luck comes good luck. • 情人眼里出西施。 • Beauty lies in lover's eyes. • 语言之间的可译性是绝对的，不可译性是相对的。
• What is the aim of translation?
12. 我们只做正确的鸡！
•
13. 我们肯定是鸡！
•
14. 只有我们可以做鸡！
•
15. 向右看! 有鸡！
•
16. 我们要对鸡好！
•
17. 我们愿意鸡好！
•
18. 我们的材料是正宗的鸡肉！
•
19. 我们公正的做鸡！
•
20. 我们做鸡正点耶～～
•
21. 我们只做正版的鸡！
•
22. 我们做鸡做的很正确！
•
23. 我们正在做鸡好不好？
•
24. 我们一定要把鸡打成右派！
•
25. 我们做的是右派的鸡！
•
26. 我们只做右撇子鸡！
• 正确答案是： • We do chicken right！-------------我们是烹鸡专家！
• Questions: What are the criteria of translation? Or what is a good translation?
第7章 汉英翻译四步
鉴于汉语复合句逻辑关系的复杂性，
再加上从句连词用得不多，逻辑关 系不明显，因此，在翻译成英语的 时候，要特别注重这些列和对照都属于并列关系，
也就是指各分句之间在意义上是并列的。 在英译的时候，汉语的并列关系通常用 英语中的连词and，但如果是否定的并 列关系，通常用neither…nor, either…or…等表示。如：
C
从谓语搭配中确定主语
主谓搭配既是英语语法的规定性要求，
又是受思维方式和讲话习惯制约的。 在英语的SV结构中，谓语是句子的核 心。在汉英翻译过程中，我们往往可 以先确定谓语的翻译，然后再根据英 语主谓搭配的规定和习惯来确定主语 的翻译。
对于拾贝壳，我发生了莫大的兴趣，
每天回来，袋子里都是装得满满的。 Shells have aroused in me so much interest that every day I will come back from the seaside with pockets budging with shells.
1）没有一点“闯”的精神，没有一点 “冒”的精神，没有一股气呀，劲呀， 就走不出一条好路，走不出一条新路， 就干不出新的事业。
1）If we don’t have the pioneering spirit, if we’re afraid to take risks, if we have no energy and drive, we can not break a new path, a good path, or accomplish anything new.
2、递进关系
递进关系表示后面的分句比前面的分句
在意义和范围上更进一步。汉语中表示 递进关系常用的关联词有“不仅……而 且……”、“……还……”、“……并 且……”等，体现在英语当中通常用not only…but also…; …as well as…或…as well来表示。如：
再加上从句连词用得不多，逻辑关 系不明显，因此，在翻译成英语的 时候，要特别注重这些列和对照都属于并列关系，
也就是指各分句之间在意义上是并列的。 在英译的时候，汉语的并列关系通常用 英语中的连词and，但如果是否定的并 列关系，通常用neither…nor, either…or…等表示。如：
C
从谓语搭配中确定主语
主谓搭配既是英语语法的规定性要求，
又是受思维方式和讲话习惯制约的。 在英语的SV结构中，谓语是句子的核 心。在汉英翻译过程中，我们往往可 以先确定谓语的翻译，然后再根据英 语主谓搭配的规定和习惯来确定主语 的翻译。
对于拾贝壳，我发生了莫大的兴趣，
每天回来，袋子里都是装得满满的。 Shells have aroused in me so much interest that every day I will come back from the seaside with pockets budging with shells.
1）没有一点“闯”的精神，没有一点 “冒”的精神，没有一股气呀，劲呀， 就走不出一条好路，走不出一条新路， 就干不出新的事业。
1）If we don’t have the pioneering spirit, if we’re afraid to take risks, if we have no energy and drive, we can not break a new path, a good path, or accomplish anything new.
2、递进关系
递进关系表示后面的分句比前面的分句
在意义和范围上更进一步。汉语中表示 递进关系常用的关联词有“不仅……而 且……”、“……还……”、“……并 且……”等，体现在英语当中通常用not only…but also…; …as well as…或…as well来表示。如：
英汉翻译教程(1-2章)
• 就文本类型而言，分为文学文本翻译、科技文本翻译、 新闻文本翻译、应用文本翻译。 • 就方式而言，分为全译、摘译、编译等。
What is a text?(1)
•
•
Look at the following example: Is it a text? Why or why not?
– E.g. Tom’s wife is female.
对翻译者的要求
• 深厚的语言功底 —对英汉两种语言正确的理解和纯熟的运 用能力 —汉语及英语语感和表达能力（语法意识、 惯用法意识、连贯意识） • 广博的文化知识及相关专业知识 • 高度的责任感
• Understanding, expression, checking
text paragraph sentence clause phrase word understanding ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ←checking ↓ ↑ expression
Grammatically speaking, a text consists of sentences; a sentence consists of clauses; a clause, phrases; a phrase, words. But Halliday and Hasan thought “the word text is used in linguistics to refer to any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does form a unified whole…. It may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play, from a cry for help to an all-day discussion…. A text is a unit of language in use. It is not a grammatical unit…. It is not defined by its size…. A text is best regarded as a semantic unit, a unit not of form but of meaning. Thus it is related to a clause or sentence not by size but by realization.” So we can say a text is a communicative unit. It does not only consist of sentences, it is also realized by sentences which must be meaningful. The example is grammatically correct, but it means nothing. （The sentence is not informative, it is not a text.)
英汉汉英实用翻译教程
一、汉译英部分1.道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。
•Tao Te Ching - The Way of Life - The Wisdom of Ancient China•The tao that can be described is not the eternal Tao.•The name that can be spoken is not the eternal Name.The Way that can be told of is not an Unvarying Way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names.2.子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”•The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?•"Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?•"Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?"•The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue."曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether,in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher."3. 子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。
英汉汉英视译教程下篇汉译英第二十一单元 让步句视译
第21单元 让步句视译 〔例段〕
【视译】
Statistics show, Europe’s population will continue to decline for decades. Currently, 1.5 babies are born for every EU woman, when two births are required to maintain the population “replacement rate〞. Even if women started to have more children again, the tendency to population decline would continue for decades, as there will be fewer parents through choice of their own in the next generation than in this one.
第21单元 让步句视译 〔例段〕
〈译评〉首先，无论是从内容还是从语言角度看， 笔译译文已经十分到位，但是视译译文 更口语化，其中关联副词when 替代转 折词but 当属精彩之译，更贴近英语思 维习惯。另外，again, as, through choice of their own 等词语运用得也相 当巧妙。
第21单元 让步句视译 〔例段〕
1.据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将 持续减少。
Statistics show, Europe’s population will continue to decline for decades. 目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5 个孩子， Currently, 1.5 babies are born for every EU woman, 而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇女至少要生2 个孩 子。
英汉汉英视译教程下篇汉译英第二十三单元 递进句视译
第23单元 递进句视译 〔例段〕
1.通过举办文化节，许多中国城市在世界上的知 名度提高了。已经证明，对促进中国人民和世界 其他地方人民之间的交流来说，这是最好的途径 之一。这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面，还扩大到 了经济和其他领域。
第23单元 递进句视译 〔例段〕
1.通过举办文化节，许多中国城市在世界上的知名 度提高了。 By holding culture festivals, many cities in China have raised their prestige in the world. 已经证明，对促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民之 间的交流来说，这是最好的途径之一。 It has been proved that this is one of the best ways to promote the communication between Chinese people and the people from different parts of the world. 这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面，还扩大到了经济和 其他领域。 This kind of communication is not just confined to culture, but extends to economy and other fields.
is rather bad. It is blowing hard and raining heavily as well〞;
“With the howling wind and the pouring rain, the weather
today couldn’t be worse〞; “It’s very bad weather today
in enlarging the ‘pie’ of social wealth by
英汉翻译绪论
3. It was Friday *and soon they'd go out and get drunk. 星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊
大醉。 *星期五[Friday]为英国的发薪日。如不解释，译
入语读者就不会明白英国人为什么要在这一天上街去大 吃大喝。
3.翻译的过程
• 1)(准确)理解(语言现象、逻辑关系、原文所指涉 的事物),要求译者进入细致地进行语法分析、语 义分析、语体分析和语篇分析。
1.That’s all Greeks to me.
2.If you see any green in his eye, you are wrong.
3.Today I welcomed the opportunity of exchanging views with the leaders of Chinese Government about the world scene.
Translation implies the rendering from one language to another of something written or spoken.
Eugene A. Nida: Translating means translating meaning.
《辞源》：用一种语言表达他种语文的意思。
4. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 5.When John was talking about the affairs, we smelled
a rat..6.He bent solely upon profit.7. If we want your cents, we’ll ask for it.
大醉。 *星期五[Friday]为英国的发薪日。如不解释，译
入语读者就不会明白英国人为什么要在这一天上街去大 吃大喝。
3.翻译的过程
• 1)(准确)理解(语言现象、逻辑关系、原文所指涉 的事物),要求译者进入细致地进行语法分析、语 义分析、语体分析和语篇分析。
1.That’s all Greeks to me.
2.If you see any green in his eye, you are wrong.
3.Today I welcomed the opportunity of exchanging views with the leaders of Chinese Government about the world scene.
Translation implies the rendering from one language to another of something written or spoken.
Eugene A. Nida: Translating means translating meaning.
《辞源》：用一种语言表达他种语文的意思。
4. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 5.When John was talking about the affairs, we smelled
a rat..6.He bent solely upon profit.7. If we want your cents, we’ll ask for it.