2020届北京市交大附中2017级高三下学期开学考英语试卷及解析
2020届北京市首都师范大学附属中学 2017级高三下学期开学考试英语试卷及答案
2020届首都师范大学附属中学 2017级高三下学期开学考试英语试卷4.28★祝考试顺利★考试时间 120 分钟满分 120 分第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
AWhich sea animal is 1 (good) at escaping? The answer may bethe octopus(章鱼). An octopus’ body is very soft. There are no bonesin it. The small animal has just two little hard parts in 2 (it) mouth. So it can go into very small spaces. An octopus weighing about230g can pass 3 a 2.5cm-wide hole.BI lost my wallet after going shopping last Friday evening. But I didn’t realize it was missing until five hours later. I couldn’t remember 4 I lost it. I stayed up all night and worried aboutmy wallet. The next day, I went back to the shops that I 5 (visit) and asked about my wallet. A manager at one store came overand said, “Someone turned this in last night. We thought you might come back to look for it, 6 we kept it for you.”CWhen I was a child, I was a picky eater. There were many 7 (food) that I didn’t like to eat. But there is one meal I have always loved: grilled（烤的）cheese and tomato soup. It’s just two pieces of toasted bread with cheese in the middle, 8 (serve) with abowl of tomato soup. This kind of food 9 (call) “comfort food”. “Comfort food” is simple, easy-to-make and delicious. It always 10 (taste) great. Your parents might make meals like thisfor you when you are not feeling well.第二节完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.It was a need that he first 11 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 12 , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the 13 at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 14 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 15 he didn't have the time or the 16 . He had only one good suit. He tried 17 the football team. but the coach turned him down for being too 18 . During this period Dale was slowly 19 an inferiority complex (自卑感) , which his mother knew could 20 him from achieving his real potential. She 21 that Dale join the debating team, believing that 22 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 23 made it. This proved to be a 24 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 25 he needed. By the time Dale was a senior. he had won every top honor in。
北京交大附中2020届高三第二学期开学考英语学科试卷(8页)
交大附中2020届高三第二学期开学考英语学科试卷出题人：高三英语组出题时间：2020.02第二部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节、语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
AOld Tom sent his four sons to look at an apple tree in different seasons, 1 he wanted them to learn not to judge things too quickly. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in autumn. When they all came back, he asked for the 2 (describe) about what they had seen. The sons had different opinions. Tom then told them 3 they shouldn’t judge a tree, or a person, by only one season.BChocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in 4 (center) America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people there. That was 5 they were used as money. In the beginning, cocoa 6 (plant) in Ecuador, which was, for a long time, the world’s number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top producers of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa.CBuildings around the world will go dark for 60 minutes this evening in a voluntary event 7 (know) as Earth Hour. This grassroots effort started in 2007 in Sydney, Australia, and since then it 8 (grow) into a global movement 9 (raise) awareness of our energy consumption and the effects of climate change on our planet. Anyone can participate in this movement by switching 10 the lights at 8:30 PM local time. Last year close to 18,000 landmark buildings switched off their lights in 188 countries. Will you dim your lights tonight?第二节、完形填空(共20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共30 分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2017-2018学年交大附中高三下英语开学考
上海交通大学附属中学2017-2018学年第二学期高三英语摸底考(满分140分，考试时间120分钟，答案一律写在网上阅卷答题纸上)第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the kitchen. B. At home. C.In a fashion shop. D. In a net bar.2. A. 500 yen. B. 1500 yen. C.2500 yen. D. 5000 yen.3. A. He will pay for the lunch. B.Sue likes Spanish food very much.C. He doesn’t like Spanish food at all.D. Both of them should treat Sue wellat dinner.4. A. Boss and employee. B. Doctor and patient.C. Teacher and student.D.Interviewer and interviewee.5. A. She doesn’t have time to find a new flat.B. She has paid three months, rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to find such a satisfactory flat.D. She doesn’t like the idea of decorating an empty flat.6. A. Mike. B. Sandy. C. An unexpected friend. D. A handyman.7. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Find a full-time job.C. Drop out of school.D. Resign from her present job.8. A. The woman was fully absorbed in the music.B. The woman couldn’t understand the music very well.C. The woman lost her way to the conceit that evening.D. The concert was no better than what the woman imagined.9. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance.C. Travel arrangements.D. Courage and safety.10. A. She is talkative. B. She is quiet. C. She is active. D. She is sociable.Part B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 28 billion copies. B. 567 million copies.C. 1953 million copies.D. 2015 million copies.12. A. Interviewed the vice-president of the Commercial Press in China.B. Completed data investigation, collection and examination for the records.C. Compared the sales volumes of the Secret Garden and Harry Potter series.D. Delivered enough copies of Xinhua Dictionary to the presentation ceremony.13. A. It contains colorful cultures of many countries.B. It is the world’s most popular dictionary.C. It is a useful tool for learners of the Chinese language.D. It has influenced several generations of Chinese people.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Over a billion people do not have enough safe drinking water.B. Diseases and 6acteria in the water kill millions of people every day.C. People in developed countries take their clean drinking water for granted.D. Clean,bottled water is expensive to transport to poor rural villages.15. A. It is a plastic straw.B. It uses batteries or electricity.C. It can be used for one year.D. It’s portable and cheap.16. A. Appeal to the government to supply clean water for everyone.B. Provide easy access to clean water to destroy the bacteria.C. Offer the WaterTube free to people in. developing countries.D. Sell the WaterTube to every person who needs one.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A little restaurant. B. A private organization.C. An ice cream shop.D. A snack bar.18. A. More flexible working time.B. Less conflicts with consumers.C. Closer relationship with customers.D. More freedom to make financial decisions.19. A. A program of the Small Business Administration.B. A grant from a private organization.C. Savings in his own bank account.D. Loans from the bank.20. A. He found owing his own business is rewarding.B. He didn’t recommend others to have their own business.C. He chose the location to compete with bigger businesses.D. He found managing a small business is high risky.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Talking with—Not Just to—Kids Powers How They Learn Language Children from the poorer families begin life not only with material disadvantages but cognitive ones. Decades of research (21)____________(confirm) this, including a famous 1995 finding by psychologistsBetty Hart and Todd Risley: By age four children raised in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words, on average, than their peers from wealthier families. That gap has been linked to shakier language skills at the start of school, (22)____________, in turn, predicts weaker academic performance.But just the quantity of words a toddler hears is not the most significant influence on language acquisition. Growing evidence has led researchers to conclude quality matters more than quantity, and (23)____________(valuable) quality seems to be back-and-forth communication—what researchers call conversational turns.A paper (24)____________(publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea, offering the first evidence that these exchanges play a vital role in the development of Broca’s area, the brain region most closely associated with producing speech. Further, the amount of conversational turns a child experiences daily outweighs socioeconomic status in predicting (25)____________ activity in Broca’s area and the child’s language skills.The researchers confirmed the classic 1995 finding that, overall, kids from wealthier families hear more words. And small (26)____________ their sample was, they even confirmed the 30-million-word gap between the poorest and richest children. But they found that “by far the biggest driver for brain development was not the number of words spoken (27)____________ the conversations,” Gabrieli sa ys.The researchers calculated that a child’s verbal ability score increased (28)____________ one point for every additional 11 conversational exchanges per hour.The study is a “very, very important” addition (29)____________ a growing body of work, says developmental psychologist Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek, director of the Infant Language Laboratory at Temple University. “We have known for quite a while that conversational turns—or (30)____________ in my work we call conversational duets—are very important for building a foundation for language and maybe for learning general ly. What hadn’t been done is to link it where we knew it had to be linked—to changes in the brain.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. obedienceB. adaptedC. conflictD. receivedE. willF. strandedG. supervision H. harmony I. interpreted J. exception K. pursuitLord of the FliesLord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding. The book focuses on a group of British boys (31)__________ on an uninhabited islandand their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.The novel has been critically well (32)__________. It was named in theModern Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 41 on the editor's list, and25 on the reader's list. In 2005 Time magazine named it as one of the 100 bestEnglish-language novels from 1923 to 2005.Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel. Although it was not a great success at the time, it soon went on to become a best-seller. It has been (33)__________ for film twice in English, in 1963 by Peter Brook and 1990 by Harry Hook.The book takes place in the middle of an unspecified nuclear war.A plane carrying a group of British schoolboys is shot down over the Pacific. The pilot of the plane is killed, but many of the boys survive the crash and find themselves deserted on an island, where they are alone without adult (34)__________. Some of them arrive as a musical choir(合唱队) under an established leader , while others are ordinary students. With the (35)__________ of the choirboys, some children like Sam and Eric, appear never to have encountered each other before. The book portrays their gradually becomingextremely cruel and violent. Left to themselves on a heavenly island, far from modern civilization, the well-educated children return to a primitive state.Golding wrote his book as a counterpoint(对照) to R.M. Ballantyne's youth novel The Coral Island (1858), and included specific references to it, such as the rescuing naval officer's description of thechildren's (36)__________ of Ralph, one of the kid leaders on island, as "a jolly(pleasant) good show, like the Coral Island". Golding's three central characters—Ralph, Piggy and Jack—have been (37)__________ as exaggerated versions of Ballantyne's Coral Island leading characters.At an allegorical(比喻的) level, the central theme is the (38)__________ ofhuman desirefor civilization and social organization—living by rules, peacefully—and for the (39)__________ to power. Several themes are revealed in the book, including the tensionbetween groupthink and individuality, between rational and emotional reactions, between (40)__________and aggression, and between morality and immorality. How these play out, and how different people feel the influences of these form a major subtext of Lord of the Flies.III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The picture of miseries and sufferings of the Black woman in America may appear, perhaps darker and more depressing than Dante’s(但丁) description of Hell because in the history of human race, the Black woman in America has suffered the most. A close and critical (41)_______ of the history of the Black woman’s life and condition since her arrival in a strange land will unfold very well the long story of her pain and sorrow (42)_______ her mutilated(被切断的) soul. Since her arrival on the foreign shore, the Black woman has been facing the worst kind of(43)_______ and oppression. As a Black she has had to endure all the horrors of slavery andhas been the (44)_______ of continually inhumane treatmentin all kinds of work, (45)_______ the lowest place on the wage scale and restricted to the lowest-status and the most uncreative jobs. Since times of slavery, Black womanhood has been destroyed, twisted and abused with racial and inhuman (46)_______ by black men and white men and women. In the process, they have lost their genuine "self", and have developed a(n)(47)_______ in themselves—though as black women, they see themselves with the eyes of white men and women and black men. This has ultimately been responsible for the destruction of their self-confidence and the feeling of being human. They (48)_______ themselves as master s’ belongings.As a mother she has seen her children sold into slavery. She has seen them left at home without attentionwhile she (49)_______ to the needs of the children of the ruling class. She has seen her children suffer fromdrug addiction, the (50)_______ of decent education and experience attacks by a racist society, and (51)_______ the prisons of this nation. In addition, besides suffering the common fate of all oppressed people, the African-American women continue to (52)_______ the oppression of woman by men, which existed for long. In the home she becomes “the slave of a slave”. Men may be cruelly treated and subjected to all sorts of dehumanizing treatmenton the part of the ruling class.(53)_______, at least they can take out their frustration on someone else, their women.Thus feminism in America means much more than what it stands for in other European countries, chiefly because it has different role and meaning(54)_______ the Black women. If a feminist is commonly defined as one who is involved in transforming and (55)_______ familiar realities, then Black women are innate(天生的) feminists. Black women writing exhibits and constructs a Black women’s literary tradition that is inherently feminist. Barbara Smith, an influential Black feminist critic, states that the ability of Black women to survive in the face of White America exhibits an innate feminist potential.41. A. respect B. reference C. account D. expression42. A. associated with B. completed with C. involved in D. joined by43. A. exploration B. exhaustion C. exploitation D. explosion44. A. article B. item C. substance D. object45. A. including B. occupying C. containing D. striking46. A. procedures B. processes C. descriptions D. practices47. A. complexity B. anxiety C. simplicity D. gravity48. A. look to B. look upon C. look over D. look through49. A. took B. kept C. attended D. appealed50. A. richness B. lack C. variety D. possibility51. A. populating B. emphasizing C. charging D. criticizing52. A. undertake B. underline C. undervalue D. undergo53. A. Therefore B. Anyway C. However D. Moreover54. A. with respect to B. in line with C. in addition to D. in parallel with55. A. reappointing B. representing C. reconsidering D. reinterpretingSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was at the funeral of my dearest friend--my mother. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, Mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held the box of tissues while listening to my first heartbreak, comforted me at my father's death, and prayed for me my entire life.When mother's illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me, the 27-year-old middle child, to take care of her. I counted it an honor.My place had been with our mother, preparing her meals, taking her to the doctor, reading the Bible together. Now she was in heaven.My work was finished, but I was alone.Deep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick footsteps hurried along the carpeted floor. Ayoung man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears."I'm late," he explained, though no explanation was necessary.After several eulogies, he leaned over and commented, "Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?''"Because, that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary." I whispered, wondering who the stranger was anyway."Isn't this the Lutheran church?""No, the Lutheran church is across the street.""Oh...""I believe you're at the wrong funeral, Sir."The solemness(庄重) of the occasion mixed with the realization of the man's mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter. Sharp looks from other mourners(哀悼者) only made the situation seem more stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughing too, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit.I imagined Mother laughing.At the final 'Amen,' we rushed out a door and into the parking lot. "I do believe we'll be the talk of thetown. By the way, my name is Rick." he smiled.That afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we both arrived at the same church, right on time.In my time of sorrow, God gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second wedding anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them, 'Her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and it's truly a match made in heaven.'56. Only author could take care of her mom mainly because ________.A. she was the only child in the familyB. a lovely baby came into her brother’s familyC. she was the only child without a new family’s burdenD. her mom loved her much more than other children57. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first time.B. The author was supposed to have been in Lutheran Church.C. Margaret should be the name of Rick’s aunt.D. The mourners considered the author’s joy improper.58. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hope Remaining at the FuneralB. A Heavenly EncounterC. Two Funerals at One TimeD. Seeking God’s Everlasting Love(B)59. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is it possible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10B. 15:06C. 14:06D. 13:1660. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geyser’s name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 times each day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount of water it expels as well as its freezing coldness.C. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each time and it’s located in the world’s largest national park.D. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on which the predictions are calculated by the naturalists.61. Where does the article most probably appear?A. The Yellowstone official website.B. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.(C)Science advances fastest when data and conclusions are shared as quickly as possible. Yet it is common practice for medical researchers to conceal results for months or years until research is published in an academic journal. Even then, the data supporting a study are often not revealed.The motive to withhold findings is powerful. Journal papers are the key measure of a scientist’s productivity. To win research money and get promoted, scientists need to increase an impressive list ofpublications. Yet the delays in spreading knowledge have the capacity to do real harm. Nor are elite journals the guardians of quality that they often claim to be. The number of papers so flawed that they need to be retracted has risen sharply in the past two decades. Studies in elite journals (such as Nature and Science) are no statistically stronger than those in lesser journals.Science should not, and need not, be restrained by journal publication. Three sensible reforms would ensure that researchers’ results could be commu nicated to more people more quickly, without any decline in quality. Step one is for the organizations that finance research to demand that scientists put their academic papers, along with their experimental data, in publicly accessible “databases” before they are sent to a journal. That would allow other researchers to make use of the findings without delay. Those opposing such “preprints” argue that they allow work of poor quality to grow wildly because it has not yet been peer-reviewed. That may surprise physicists and mathematicians, who have been posting work to arXiv, a preprint database, for more than 25 years with no ill effects.Step two is to improve the process of peer review itself. Journals currently administer a system of organizing anonymous peer reviewers to pass judgment on new research—a fact they use, in part, to justify their sky-high subscription prices. But this process tends to be abused. At its worst, groups of researchers are suspected of guaranteeing favorable reviews for each other’s work. Better that reviewers are named and that the reviews are published. The Gates foundation has announced its support for an online database where such open peer review of papers takes place. The database was launched last year by the Wellcome Trust, meaning that the world’s two largest medical charities have thrown their weight behind it. Others should follow.Finally, science needs to stop relying so much on journal publication as the only recognized credential for researchers and the only path to career progression. Tools exist that report how often a preprint has been viewed, for example, or whether a clinical data set has been cited in guidelines for doctors. A handful of firms are using artificial intelligence to assess the scientific importance of research, disregarding how it has been spread. Such approaches need encouragement. Journals may lose out, but science itself will benefit.62. The passage primarily argues ________.A. why scientists should timely make public their information with other peersB. how a reliable system that promotes fast sharing of academic outcomes can be establishedC. how the scientific circle ensures the quality of those research papers published in journalsD. what the difference is between the studies posted to preprint databases and the elite journals63. Which of the following is NOT the reason why scientists hold back their findings?A. They want to climb up the career ladders.B. They want to show their capacity of yielding great researches.C. They want to ensure the scientific validity before releasing them.D. They want to get funded for their study.64. What does the underlined word “anonymous” probably mean?A. showing strong abilityB. identified by many peopleC. unknown by nameD. having great authority65. What can help reduce academics’dependence on journal publication?A. Using tools to report the frequency of a preprint being viewed.B. Firms using advanced technology to produce a research.C. Citing doctors’ guideline in processing a clinical data.D. Finding methods to assess the way those studies are shared or spread.66. Which one of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A. Full trust can be put in elite journals like Science and Nature.B. The prospect of scientific journals undoubtedly outweighs that of science.C. The popularity of preprint will inevitably bring about a careless academic world.D. Organizations ought to employ an open measure to conduct the peer review.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there is one sentence more than you need.Gun laws in America are already so weak, it must be tough to find ways to make them even looser. But you have to give gun lobbyists(游说者) credit. They've come up with some new ideas and found friends in Congress to promote them, even as the nation is in deep sadnessdue to the 58 people killed at a music festival in Las Vegas.At the top of the wish list: a push to make it easier to buy gun silencers. (67)__________. At worst, they would put innocent people and police officers in graver danger.The changes are tucked(塞) into a measure called the Sportsmen's Heritage and Recreational Enhancement (SHARE) Act. The seemingly harmless title tries to hide its most controversial content. The proposal getting the most attention is a move to make it easier to buy silencers. (68)__________. But when opponents argue that silencers will make it harder to hear gunshots, those same supporters insist it isn't so. Sorry, but they can't have it both ways.Silencers have been available to hunters and others under the current law since 1934. But the National Rifle Association thinks it takes too much trouble to buy one. Buyers must pass a criminal background check, turn over their fingerprints to the government, and pay a $200 fee. Silencers are registered, and transfers are tracked. (69)__________.Two days after the Las Vegas massacre(屠杀), a group of House Democrats called on House Speaker Paul Ryanto ensure that the SHARE measure won’t be taken up by the House. But the best Ryan could know was, “I don’t know when it’s going to be scheduled.”Ryan and other Republicans who have opposed every previous effort to pass gun measures said this week they'd consider banning "bump stocks," anextra piece of equipment the Las Vegas shooter used to make his semi-automatic weapon even more dangerous. Also, the NRA talked favorably about "additional regulations" but not a new law. (70)__________.Controlling gun violence should be at the top of Congress' agenda. Instead, according to the gun lobby's demand, it is looking at weakening existing restrictions. That is pathetic.Section DDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Virginia is killing its U.S. history testsAs a history exam supporter, I have seen so many people appealing to the government to cancel it. Many students scored poorly in it and complained about hard work. In 2014, the Virginia legislature(立法) ordered a cut in the number of tests taken by the state’s children, and specifically eliminated the fifth grade and middle school U.S. history tests. The U.S. and Virginia history exam in high school is also about to disappear. Politicians seem to think the best way to reduce testing pressure is to abandon tests, no matter how important.I met Steve Constantino, now chief academic officer of the Virginia Education Department, and he told me, “even without tests, the course, requirements, standards, etc., are all still very much required and schools are accountable to ensure that students master the content. I believe what this does is move the course toward more of a deeper learning experience, like IB.”But when I met him the first time in the late 1990s, he was then the brilliant principal of Stonewall Jackson High School. He turned that school into a model for the demanding International Baccalaureate(IB) program.One of the reasons his IB program at Stonewall Jackson High School worked so well was that his IB students had to take the nation’s most difficult final exams, some of them five hours long.My suggestion is that Virginia replace its state history tests with IB exams. You can learn a great deal preparing for one of those even if you fail.But that’s not going to happen. Constantino’s dream of deeper learning without challenging tests has never been achieved in American schools. So we will muddle along, not learning much history, since despite what we say, we really don’t think we need it.第II卷V. Translation(3’+3’+4’+5’)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 没有什么比网游更容易浪费你的时间了。
2020届北京市交大附中高三下学期开学考英语试题及答案解析
2020届北京市交大附中高三下学期开学考英语试题注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息；2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。
第I卷（选择题）一、完形填空As a young man, Al was a skilled artist, a potter. He had a wife and two fine sons. One night, his oldest son developed a severe stomachache. Thinking it was only some 1 intestinal (肠内的) disorder, neither Al nor his wife took the condition very seriously. But it was actually acute appendicitis (急性阑尾炎), and the boy 2 suddenly that night.Knowing the death could have been 3 if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, Al’s emotional health deteriorated under the huge burden of h is 4 . To make matters worse, his wife 5 him a short time later, leaving him alone with hissix-year-old younger son. The hurt and pain of the two 6 were more than Al could handle, and he 7 to alcohol to help him cope, thus in time Al became an alcoholic.8 the alcoholism progressed, Al began to lose everything he 9 —his home, his land and his art objects. Al 10 died alone in a San Francisco motel room.When I heard of Al’s death, I reacted with the same disdain the w orld shows for one who ends his life with nothing to show for it. “What a complete 11 he is!” I thought. “What a totally wasted life!”As time went by, I began to re-evaluate my earlier judgment. I knew Al’s now 12 son, Ernie. He is one of the kindest, most caring, most loving men I have ever known. I watched Ernie with his children and saw the free 13 of love between them. I knew that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere.I hadn’t heard Ernie talk much about his 14 . One day I worked 15 my courage to ask him. “I’m really 16 by something,” I said. “I know your father was17 the only one to raise you. What on earth did he do to make you become such a specialperson?”Ernie sat quietly and 18 for a few m oments. Then he said, “From my earliest19 as a child until I left home at 18, Al came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ‘I love you, son’.”Tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to judge Al as a failure. He had not left any 20 possessions behind. But he had been a kind loving father, and he left behind one of the finest, most giving men I have ever known. (423words)1．A．certain B．average C．rare D．common 2．A．worsened B．choked C．starved D．died 3．A．cured B．forbidden C．prevented D．saved 4．A．disease B．guilt C．pressure D．duty 5．A．left B．scolded C．quarreled D．forgave 6．A．accidents B．situations C．conflicts D．adventures 7．A．got B．drank C．turned D．sank 8．A．As B．Though C．Because D．If 9．A．needed B．possessed C．benefited D．shared 10．A．accidentally B．gradually C．eventually D．immediately 11．A．trouble B．failure C．disaster D．rubbish 12．A．teen B．adolescent C．aged D．adult 13．A．will B．fall C．flow D．space 14．A．mother B．brother C．father D．child 15．A．with B．up C．on D．through 16．A．puzzled B．worried C．interested D．attracted 17．A．especially B．basically C．merely D．specially 18．A．argued B．searched C．analyzed D．reflected 19．A．thoughts B．ideas C．minds D．memories 20．A．spiritual B．material C．memorable D．emotional二、阅读理解Jerry wanted to continue his studies through college after his graduation from high school; so every morning he never failed to read the classified ads in the newspaper. He scanned eventhe smallest ad, hoping to find one company needing the services of a high school graduate.His patience paid off for early one morning he read an ad which said: “An executive wants boy to assist him in his office. He should at least be a high school graduate.”Jerry cut the ad and quickly took a bath. He put on a clean suit, brushed his short hair neatly, and after asking permission from mother, he proceeded to the office which advertised the ad. When he reached the place, he saw that it was filled with young people. His heart beat faster for he felt he had a very slim chance to be selected.Very soon the office became empty and Jerry found himself being briefed by the executive. He was asked to report at eight o’clock the following morning. After Jerry left the office, the manager asked the executive, “What made you select t hat boy who did not have a single recommendation?” “That is where you are mistaken,” explained the executive. “Before entering this office, he wiped his feet and closed the door quietly. It shows he is careful. I noticed that he stood instantly and offered his seat to an old man who entered the office. His act shows that he is kind and considerate boy. He took off his cap when he entered the room and answered my questions promptly indicating that he is polite and gentlemanly.”“Do you know that I purposely laid a book on the floor to find out what these applicants will do?” the executive continued. “This boy picked it up and placed it on the table while the rest stepped on it. Does this not show that this boy is orderly? While the others pushed and jostled each other in their desire to be interviewed first, this boy waited quietly instead of pushing and crowding as the rest did. I noticed, when I talked to him, that his clothes were clean. Of course, he had no letter of recommendation, but the things that he did counted more than a dozen letters of recommendation. Furthermore, I really do not believe in written recommendations. I judge a person’s character by the way he behaves spontaneously, because I believe that the training of a person will always show in whatever he does and in whatever place he is.”“Now, I hope you are convinced why I selected that boy among the other applicants even if he does not have a single written recommendation.”21．What did Jerry feel when he arrived at the office?A．He was completely disappointed.B．He was quite astonished by what he saw.C．He was afraid he wouldn’t be admitted.D．He felt empty because he didn’t have a recommendation.22．How can the character of a person be shown according to the executive?A．By one’s recomme ndation. B．By his actions.C．By others’ comments on him D．By his determination.23．What words can best describe Jerry?A．Responsible and well-mannered B．Polite and strong-willed C．Ambitious and gentlemanly D．Thoughtful and spontaneous 24．What is the best title of the passage?A．Never Judge a Book by Its Cover B．Observation Is the Best Teacher C．Seeing Is Believing D．The Best RecommendationWelcome To International Summer SchoolAn enjoyable English language learning experience——together with organized sports, activities and excursion (外出游学) program.International Summer School runs 3 different summer school centers for boys and girls aged from 8-21 years in the South of England. Our schools are chosen for their location, accommodation and excellent sporting and art facilities.International Summer School has grown increasingly popular and attracts high student numbers each summer. We have many students and staff who return each year. Our courses are personal and of high quality. Students can surely have an exciting and enjoyable experience while improving their English at the same time.Bethany Centre is situated in the heart of Kent in the beautiful countryside, very close to the village of Goudhurst, with its old fashioned shops and cafes, and Marden with its direct train route to central London. The historic large town of Tunbridge Wells is only 15 minutes away. Gatwick and Heathrow airports are easily accessible, as are Eurostar International Stations at Ashford and Ebbsfleet.Moira House is based in Eastbourne on the south coast of England in the much favored Meads area of the town, within walking distance of the seafront and town centre. Gatwick Airport is about half an hour’s drive away and Heathrow around 40 minutes.Eastbourne Centre is situated directly on the seafront and only a few minutes walk away from the main town centre, with its theatres, museums, art galleries, nightclubs, cafes, restaurants and good selection of indoor and outdoor shopping. Gatwick Airport is about half an hour’s drive away and Heathrow around 20 minutes.The aim of International Summer School is to create a lively and happy atmosphere that makes learning and international communication enjoyable. Young people can have fun, but also gain considerable skills in English. A full day in London is always included, as well as other places of cultural interest.Students of all cultures are welcomed as our aim is to create a summer school which can truly be described as International.When we return your child to you at the end of their stay, we hope they will feel enriched by their experience with us and will look forward to returning to meet friends made at International Summer School the following year, as so many do.Learning English should be fun——at International Summer School it is fun!25．If you want to experience traditional English culture, you’d better go to ________. A．Marden B．Moira HouseC．Goudhurst D．Eastbourne Center26．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A．all the three centers have easy access to Gatwick and Heathrow airportsB．the three centers are not very far from each otherC．students will spend most of the time taking part in organized activitiesD．learning English in International Summer School should be fun27．The target readers of the passage are probably ________.A．teachers B．childrenC．parents D．schoolsFreedom and ResponsibilityFreedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece, in Athens, a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alonein the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom andself-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.But, “the excellent becomes the permanent,” Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do sosometime.28．People believing in freedom are those who ________.A．regard their life as their own businessB．seek gains as their primary objectC．behave within the laws and value systemsD．treat others with kindness and pity29．What change in attitude took place in Athens?A．The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.B．The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.C．The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.D．The Athenians looked on the government as a business.30．What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Athens would continue to be free.B．Athens would cease to have freedom.C．Freedom would come from responsibility.D．Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.31．What is the author’s understanding of freedom?A．Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.B．Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.C．Freedom should have priority over responsibility.D．Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.Hey, You Looking at Me?The renowned Spanish magician and magic theorist Juan Tamariz wrote in his classic book that to make an audience feel seen, a performer must extend “imaginary threads from the performer’s eyes to the spectators,” taking care to not break them during the performance.A new study, published earlier this month, suggests that for spectators to feel that they have eye-to-eye contact with the person onstage, the latter needs not extend imaginary threads from his or her eyes to the eyes of the audience. In fact, we perceive direct eye contact from other people not only when they look us in the eye, but also when they look at any other part of our face.Shane Rogers, Oliver Guidetti, and their collaborators at Edith Cowan University in Perth,set out to determine whether people experience an ‘eye contact illusion’ during natural conversation, and if so, how strong the misperception might be. They conducted twoeye-tracking studies:In the first experiment, Guidetti engaged i n one on one ‘getting acquainted’ conversations with 46 students, with both Guidetti and the student wearing eye-tracking glasses. In one half of the 4-minute conversations, Guidetti looked at the student’s eyes most of the time, and in the other half of t he conversations, he looked at the student’s mouth most of the time. The data showed that, whereas mutual face gazing was comparable in the two participant groups, mutual eye contact was much lower. Once the conversation was over, students rated how much eye contact they believed Guidetti had made, and how much they had enjoyed the conversation. Both subject groups produced equivalently high ratings in each measure, indicating that our perception of eye contact during conversation has more to do with mutual face gazing than with actual eye contact.In the second experiment, 36 pairs of students (all wearing eye-tracking goggles) participated in an ‘eye gaze guessing game,’ where participants alternated the roles of gazer and guesser for 30 experimental trials. In each trial, the gazer looked for about 2 seconds at one of five locations on the gu esser’s face: eyes, mouth, nose, forehead, or either ear. Then, the guesser tried to guess the location the gazer had just looked at. The guessers’ accuracy was above chance level, suggesting that people do possess some ability to figure out the location of another person’s gaze when actively watching out for it. However, participants were slanted to guessing ‘eyes’ when unsure.Based on the combined findings from both experiments, the researchers concluded that, unless people are specifically attending to gaze location, they are not very sensitive to the exact focus of their partner’s gaze upon their face during the course of natural conversation.The bad news is, your perception of soul-to-soul eye contact with your romantic partner may be all in your head (your soulmate could be looking at your mouth, or even your ear, as they declare their everlasting love). But the good news is, if the act of looking at other people’s eyes makes you anxious, or if you dread speaking in front of an audience, you don’t nee d to sweat the small stuff. Just look in the general direction of people’s faces and it’ll feel to them like meaningful eye contact. (Feb 22th, 2019, Scientific American)32．What does the underlined word slanted probably mean?A．certain B．likely C．doubtful D．frustrated33．In the first experiment, the participants ________.A．are trying to get to know each otherB．look at the eyes in half of the conversationC．misjudge the actual amount of eye contactD．make more face gazing to reduce embarrassment34．We can learn from the experiments that ________.A．The gazer takes at least ten seconds to finish each trailB．Eye contact makes participants enjoy conversations moreC．They are conducted to prove the significance of imaginary threadsD．People can be accurate about the exact focus of others5 gaze if focused35．Guidetti probably agrees that ________.A．Soulful declaration of love doesn’t existB．Direct eye contact may cause anxietyC．Mutual face gazing improves conversation qualityD．Eye contact illusion can be applied to real life第II卷（非选择题）三、语法填空阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
北京市交大附中2020届高三第二学期周测英语考试试卷 word版(无答案)
北京交大附中高三英语周测试卷共9页，共120 分。
考试时长100 分钟。
考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将答题卡上传给任课教师。
第一部分知识运用 (共两节，45分)第一节阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
AThere is no doubt that e-commerce is growing. However, physical stores would not die as a result of the rise of e-commerce, at least not in the near future. “To see, touch, feel and try out items” is the top reason 1 consumers choose to shop in physical stores. Another major benefit for physical stores 2 (be) the ability for customers to receive the product 3 (immediate). Until e-commerce can find a less expensive solution for same-day or 1-day delivery, in-store shopping will continue to win on this point.BTwo 12-year-old boys, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella 4 (tie) to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The boys tried to row back to shore, 5 they were no match for the wind. The boat was out of control. Luckily, Tim, the safeguard on the beach, 6 (hear) some shouting. He took off his clothes and jumped into the water.CWu Cheng’en, the novelist and poet of the Ming Dynasty, 7 (acknowledge) as the author of Xiyouji(Journey to the West). Wu received a traditional Confucian education and was appointed a resident scholar at the imperial university in Nanjing in 1544. From 1546 to 1552 Wu lived in Beijing, 8 he was a member of a small literary circle and became known 9 his cleverness in the composition of poetry and prose in the classical style. He later traveled extensively before 10 (settle) back in Huai’an in 1570. Throughout his life he displayed a marked interest in bizarre stories, such as the set of oral and written folktales that formed the basis of Xiyouji.第二节完形填空(共20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共30 分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2020届北京市北京大学附属中学2017级高三下学期零模考试英语试卷及解析
2020届北京大学附属中学2017级高三下学期零模考试英语试卷★祝考试顺利★本试卷共 10 页,满分 150 分,考试时长 100 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效,答题纸不写姓名班级无效,考试结束后,将答题纸交回。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节,45 分）第一节：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分）A阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。
I was very happy with the school hours in Britain. On the first day,all students attended an assembly. During it,we ___1___ (tell) by the headmaster that the best way to earn respect was to work hard and achieve high grades. In our class there were 28 students, ___2___ is about the average size for British schools. I found the homework was not heavy, ___3___ it was challenging for me.【答案】1. were told2. which3. but【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述了作者在英国的学习生活。
【1题详解】考查时态和语态。
分析句子可知,此处是谓语动词,由下文的was判断为一般过去时,又主语we和tell之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是复数,故填were told。
【2题详解】。
2020届北京交大附中高三英语第二次联考试题及答案
2020届北京交大附中高三英语第二次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Internet can provide a wealth of educational resources for small children, if you know where to look.Enchanted LearningEnchanted learning is a great website for children, and I know several teachers who rely on it for materials for their classrooms. Most of the information is free, but for $ 20.00 per year, you can purchase a membership that allows you to have access to the site without the advertising. The pages here are great. There are color1 ed pages and worksheets for toddlers (学步儿童) and school-age children.StarfallStarfall is another good educational website for small children. Teachers often use this website in classrooms. It emphasizes reading skills for early learners. The website is aimed at first-grade-level learners, but it has tools that can help all children from pre-K to second grade. The website has reading activities, worksheets to download, and a store where you can purchase educational materials for your children.Sesame Street WorkshopKids loveSesame Street, and it is always educational. This is one of the funniest websites online for children because it is very well animated and has great sound effects. The website has games and stories for small kids, and they can create letters at the post office and mail them to their favorite characters.1. Why does Enchanted Learning offer purchasing memberships?A. Charging for the information.B. Charging for downloading materials.C. Giving access to the site without the ads.D. Providing unlimited search for more pages.2. Where can you buy educational materials for your children?A. Enchanted LearningB. StarfallC. Sesame Street WorkshopD. Colored pages3. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce.B. To discuss.C. To persuade.D. To educate.BWhen my friend suggested going to the op shop (二手商店)，instantly I thought “I hope no one I know sees me”. It was the same when my cousin commented on my new furniture and Japanese, fine-bone-china bowls and asked where I got them. They were from the local op shop but instead I said “from the antique shop”.Many people in my Greek-Cypriot community would look down on me if I said I shopped at the op shop. They may pity me, consider me poor, a failure. Immigrants sacrificed their families and homes for a better life. Buying a house and having enough money to live comfortably, to educate your children and see them also live comfortably, are a big part of the immigrant dream, But has this dream made us materialistic at the cost of our own planet?Our love for purchasing the latest trendy clothes or furniture, then donating them when we are tired of them has become normal. I was once like this. But after watching the documentaryThe True CostI learned donated clothes that don’t get sold are sent to developing nations, many of them ending up in landfills (垃圾填埋地). In addition, your new dress requires electricity and materials to make. But if you buy a second-hand dress, that’s one less dress in a landfill and one less new dress to be made.A friend introduced me to op shopping only a few years ago. My firstitem was a dress she gifted me. It was lovely and I loved it. Nobody could tell it was second-hand. This opened me up to purchasing more second-hand high quality branded clothes. Once I visited a friend and was impressed by how she decorated her apartment. “It’s all second-hand,” she said. I couldn’t believe it. The truth is a lot of things sold at the op shop are in new or almost new condition. That’s when I made the decision to only buy second-hand things.Selling second-hand things isn’t anything new butwhat the planet needs is more buyers. There is so much excess (过量) production in the world. So stop feeling ashamed, and let’s get shopping.4. What kind of feeling is expressed in Paragraph 1?A. Pride.B. Embarrassment.C. Delight.D. Sympathy.5. Whatare many people in the author’s community like?A. They are probably materialistic.B. They care about the environment.C. They think highly of op shopping.D. They look down upon immigrants.6. What was the author encouraged to do after visiting her friend’s apartment?A. Watch the documentaryThe True Cost.B. Donate more to local charities.C. Avoid shopping too much.D. Stop buying new things.7. What’s the purpose of the text?A. To entertain.B. To advertise.C. To persuade.D. To describe.CI have a memory of being about five years old, picking up a beautiful grilled(烧烤的）cheese sandwich made for me by my hard —working mother and turning it over to see that theother side was burned. Suddenly what I thought was the perfect sandwich was not so perfect. Mom had tried to hide that fact from me. There was no question; I ate it anyway without complaining. However, that moment has stuck in my mind for many years. Now, at the age of 43 as a mother of two children and as a biology professor where I am routinely the "academic mother" of hundreds of students every year,I find that I believe inThe Grilled Cheese Principle.Here is what I mean Making a grilled cheese sandwich is easy right? But when I think of how many burned grilled cheese sandwiches I have eaten, or I have made myself, I realize that most of the grilled cheese sandwiches I have known have had at least one burned side. The thing is that although it is a ly easy thing to make, I can also easily lose focus, and before long the sandwich is burned. For my mother, the first side was usually perfect and the second side got burned due to her being distracted. For me,I have tended to burn the first side,but then I more carefully monitor the second side.Either way,the grilled cheese sandwich suffers because it has not been given the attention it deservesSo, I have learned that even the simplest task deserves my full attention. When I am multi-tasking, I am doing none of the tasks well. And when I allow myself to be distracted, I am not in the present moment — not paying attention to the small details of living or enjoying the processSo now, I believe the best way to make a perfect grilled cheese sandwich is to make only one at a time and give it my full attention.8. How did the writer react to the sandwich with burned side?A. She ate it with some complaintsB. She showed no interest.C. She thought it was still perfectD. She was deeply impressed with it9. What doesThe Grilled Cheese Principlemean?A. Even simple things deserve full attentionB. Losing focus makes the sandwich burnedC. Self-made sandwiches are always burnedD. we should make only one sandwich at a time10. Which of the following can we infer from the passage?A. Everything cannot be done well without full attentionB. Moms always like to lie to kids when they have done something wrongC. We can lose focus more easily when we do easy things.D. Multi-tasking can be an obstacle to the achievement of tasks.11. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?A. Nothing is perfectB. Learn to appreciate the burned sandwichesC. Devote yourself to one thing at a time.D. Never do multi-tasksDAbout a billion birds die from flying into buildings each year inNorth America. Suspicions havebeen that birds may regard the open areas behind glass as safe passageways. Or they may mistake the reflected trees for the real thing.Researchers would like to reduce collisions, which requires a solid understanding about what makes a bird more or less likely to die by crashing into a building in the first place.“There was ly little known at a broad scale. Previous studies were at one small study site.'' Jared Elmore, a graduate student in natural resource ecology and management atOklahomaStateUniversity. So he and his colleagues used a previously created data set of building collisions for birds at 40 sites throughoutMexico,Canadaand theU.S.The first finding was obvious: bigger buildings with more glass kill more birds. But the details were more remarkable. "We found that life history predicted collisions. Migrants(候鸟), insect-eaters and woodland-inhabiting species collided more than their counterparts(同类).”Most migratory species travel at night, when lights near buildings can distract or disorient(使迷失方向)them. And Elmore thinks that insect-eating birds might be attracted to buildings because their insect prey(猎物)is attracted to the lights. He suspects that woodland species get tooled by the reflections of trees and bushes in the windows. The results are in the journal Conservation Biology.By understanding which birds are more likely to collide with buildings, researchers can perhaps determine the best way to adapt buildings, or their lighting, to help prevent such accidents. And by knowing risks, along with migration timing and behavior, building managers can better predict when birds are at their greatest danger - and improve lighting strategics accordingly.Elmore's next project will use radar to help predict bird migrations. " I think that would maybe go a long way in terms of providing information to people, to the public, to building managers, on when they can get the most benefit in terms of lights-out policies."12. What is the possible reason for birds' crashing into buildings?A. They didn't see the buildings.B. They took reflections for reality.C. They assumed the windows to be open.D. They considered buildings as safe routes.13. What is Jared Elmore's study different from the previous ones?A. It created a new data set.B. It went beyond national borders.C. It covered a wider range of sites.D. I’ll studied some specific bird species.14. What was the most noticeable finding of Jared Elmore's study?A. Migratory species travel at night.B. Birds tend to be misled by glasses.C. Bigger buildings cause more collisions.D. Birds living habits give rise to collisions.15. Which of the following can help reduce bird collision?A. Adjust the lightening system.B. Attach radars to each building.C. Adopt strict lights-out policies.D. Ban using glasses on buildings.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020北京交大附中高三(下)开学考试英语含答案
B.scolded
C.quarreled
D.forgave
16.A.accidents
B.situations
C.conflicts
D.adventures
17.A.got
B.drank
C.turned
D.sank
18.A.As
B.Though
C.Because
D.If
19.A.needed
B.possessed
____18____thealcoholism progressed,Albegantoloseeverythinghe____19____—hishome,hislandandhis artobjects.Al____20____diedaloneinaSanFranciscomotelroom.
Astimewentby,Ibegantore-evaluatemyearlierjudgment.IknewAl’snow____22____son,Ernie.Heisone ofthekindest,mostcaring,mostlovingmenIhaveeverknown.IwatchedErniewithhischildrenandsawthe free____23____oflovebetweenthem.Iknewthatkindnessandcaringhadtocomefrom somewhere.
2020北京交大附中高三（下）开学考试
英语
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10小题：每小题 1.5分，共 15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
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2020届北京市交大附中2017级高三下学期开学考
英语试卷
★祝考试顺利★
第二部分：知识运用（共两节,45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Old Tom sent his four sons to look at an apple tree in different seasons, ___1___ he wanted them to learn not to judge things too quickly. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in autumn. When they all came back, he asked for the ___2___ (describe) about what they had seen. The sons had different opinions. Tom then told them ___3___ they shouldn’t judge a tree, or a person, by only one season.
【答案】1. because/as
2. descriptions
3. that
【解析】
本文为记叙文,老汤姆派他的四个儿子去看不同季节的苹果树,儿子们有不同的观点。
然后汤姆告诉他们,他们不应该只根据一个季节来判断一棵树或一个人。
【1题详解】
考查从属连词。
句意：老汤姆派他的四个儿子去看不同季节的苹果树,因为他想让他们学会不要急于下结论。
根据句意逻辑可知,前后两句之间为因果关系,此处表原因,故填because/as。
【2题详解】
考查名词复数。
句意：当他们都回来后,他要求他们描述一下看到了什么。
根据其前的冠词the可知此处用名词,根据上下文可知用复数形式,故填descriptions。
【3题详解】
考查宾语从句。
句意：然后汤姆告诉他们,他们不应该只根据一个季节来判断一棵树或一个人。
分析句子结构可知,tell一词后接双宾语,直接宾语为从句,从句中句子结构完整不缺少成分,故用只表连接的连词that,故填that。
B
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in ___4___ (center) America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people there. That was ___5___ they were used as money. In the beginning, cocoa ___6___ (plant) in Ecuador, which was, for a long time, the world’s number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top producers of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa.
【答案】4. central
5. why
6. was planted
【解析】
本文为说明文。
讲述了可可豆的种植历史等。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。
句意：在3500多年前的中美洲,巧克力首次被用作饮料。
根据其后的名词可知,此处用形容词作定语,故填central。
【5题详解】
考查表语从句。
句意：事实上,可可豆对那里的人们非常重要。
这就是它们被用作货币的原因。
根据上下两句的语义逻辑可知,此处表原因,引导表语从句,故填why。
【6题详解】
考查被动语态。
句意：最初,人们在厄瓜多尔种植可可豆,厄瓜多尔曾长期是世界上第一大可可豆生产国。
分析句子成分可知,所给词与主语cocoa之间为被动关系,根据上下文可知用一般过去时第三人称单数,故填was planted。
C。