第三章被动语态

3.3各种结构的被动语态
4）主动形态表达被动意义
某些不及物动词主动语态的主语为物时可以表示被动意义
c. 某些不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, photograph等与 副词 well, easily等连用 《红楼梦》不好翻译。 Dream of Red Mansion doesn’t translate well. UGG 的鞋卖的相当好。 Shoes of UGG sell very well. 真丝裙子容易洗。 Dresses made of silk wash easily. She doesn’t photogragh well. 她不上相。
3.3被动语态的用法
3）在并列句和复合句中，为了避免换主语，使句子紧凑、简练，后面的句 子根据意义的需要运用被动语态。
史密斯先生刚走进来就被他的学生们围住了。 Mr. Smith came in and was immediately surrounded by his students. （共用一个主语） 在男子单打中杰克对战迈克尔，杰克输掉了比赛。 Jack fought Michael in the men’s singles last night and was beaten. 这张画是我的一个好友画的，我想叫你有朝一日见一见他。 This picture was painted by a very good friend of mine whom I’d like you to meet sometime. (用被动语态以便顺接定语从句，前后意思连贯、结构紧密)
3.3被动语态的用法
5)固定的习惯用法
It’s done. Well done. Shakespeare was born in 1564. Psy is reputed to be the most pop singer in the world recently. The English Association is made up of 15 members. He is said to have ever done it before.
3.3被动语态的用法
3.6 文章标题、广告、新闻中省略助动词be的被动语态。
TCP: Telephone call placed. Girls wanted. Road blocked. Kennedy assassinated! Trade Agreements Broken! Five-year-old Boy Kidnapped!
a) 某些连系动词，如：smell, taste, sound, feel, prove等
The flowers ________ smell sweet. (smell) tastes nice. (taste) The salad ________ feel Your hands ________ cold. (feel) sounds reasonable. (sound) What he says ________
We asked our teachers to tell us a story. Our teachers was asked to tell us a story.
3.3各种结构的被动语态
3）短语动词的被动形式
People have talked much about TV-dating program recently. TV-dating program has been talked much about recently. Nobody will laugh at you if you make mistakes in your oral English. You will not be laughed at if… We can’t put up with any country’s offence of our sovereignty. Any country’s offence of our sovereignty can’t be put up with.
was being built
has been built
had been built will have been built would have been built
A house, build
3.2 被动语态的用法
1）不知、不需提及施动者；
我的包被人偷了。 My bag has been stolen. 那些金字塔修建于公元前400年左右。 Those pyramids were built around 400 A.D. 关于二战的书太多了。 Too many books have been written about the Second World War.
3.2被动语态的用法
7) 几种特殊的被动结构
a) 带情态动词的被动结构
b) 带双宾语的被动结构 c) 带复合宾语的被动结构
d) 相当于及物动词的短语动词的被动结构
e) 主动形式表达被动意义
3.3各种结构的被动语态
1）带情态动词的被动结构
情态动词+ be + pp
这种情况是可以改变的。 Such a situation can be changed. 飞机可能因大雾而延误。 The plane may be delayed by the fog. 这些东西必须轻拿轻放。 These must be handled with care. 你的车一定不要停在商店前面。 Your car mustn’t be parked in front of the shop. 环境应当受到保护。 Environment should be protected.
3.2被动语态的用法
6) 公告、通知、新闻报道、科技文章中常用被动语态。
书籍不得携出室外。 No books are to be taken out of the room. 本区严禁吸烟。 Smoking is strictly prohibited in this area. 请各位旅客留在座位上直到飞机完全停好。 Passengers are requested to remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. The search for the bank robbers continues. Meanwhile many people have been questioned. The mixture is placed in a tube and is heated to a temperature of 100°C.
3.4各种结构的被动语态
2）带复合宾语的被动结构
主动形式： 被动形式：
make sb. do sth. advise sb. to do sth.
宾语 宾补
sb. be made to do sth. sb. be advised to do sth.
主语
主补
The boss makes the workers work day and night. The workers are made to work day and night.
Lead-in
1. 什么是语态？
语态表示句中主语和谓语的关系。
2.英语中有几种语态？
主动语态和被动语态
3.各种语态表达什么含义？
主动语态表示动作由主语发出。 被动语态表示动作由主语承受。
Contents
3.1被动语态的形式 3.2被动语态的用法
3.3 起系动词作用的行为动词+过去分词的用法 3.4 被动语态和系表结构的区别
注：短语动词不可分割、介副不可省略 look forward to, look up to, look down upon, take care of, make fun of, hand down, operate on, carry on…
3.3各种结构的被动语态
4）主动形态表达被动意义
某些不及物动词主动语态的主语为物时可以表示被动意义
3.5 主动和被动语态的特殊转换形式
3.6汉英两种语言表达被动意义的异同
3.1 被动语态的形式
助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词
be + v.-ed
一般 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 进行 完成
is built
was built will be built would be built
is being built
3.3各种结构的被动语态
1）带双宾语的被动结构
直接宾语
Hale Waihona Puke give sb. sth.
间接宾语
常用动词： give, tell, show, save, accord(给予)，award…… 转换形式：
主动： give sb. sth. 被动： Sb. be given sth. Sth. be given to sb. 主语
3.2被动语态的用法
2）强调动作的承受者。 世界上哪些地区说英语。 In what parts of the world is English spoken? 我的照片要下周才能洗出来。 My pictures won’t be developed until next week. 这样的是不允许在发生。 Such a thing ought not to be allowed to happen again.
3.2被动语态的用法
4）出于礼貌，不宜说出执行者，用被动语态。
资料室的图书不得带到室外。 Books in reference library must not be taken out of the room. (若以读者为主语，显得不客气) 我们会和你取得联系。 You will be contacted. (避免说出we)