高考英语二轮语法高频语法词汇详解
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校高考英语二轮专题语法高频语法词汇详解
【1】 that
１.引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，无具体意义。A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (上海2004NMET)
2.关系代词，用于限制性定语从句。如：Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (上海春2002NMET)
3.程度副词，等于so.如：Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always that much to do. （广东2004NMET）
4.用于强调句型中，起连接作用。如：Why! I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say? (上海2004NMET)
5.替代词，既可替代可数名词，表特指；又可替代不可数名词，后接of。如：I’m moving to countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. (江苏2005NMET)
【２】what
1.引导名词性从句，担任句子成分。如：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津2004NMET)
2.疑问代词，指不定范围的“什么”。如：What do you think I should do to make up for the lost time?
3.whatever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。如：These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. (北京春2000NMET)
4.用于感叹句中。如：What terrible weather we’ve been having these days! (NMET1992)
5.在情景交际中的用法：
What for?（表原因，译作“为何”）
What’s up?（相当于What’s happening?）
So what?（表“是……又怎么样呢？”）
What a shame!（表遗憾）
What’s more.（表递进）
What’s wrong?（表焦虑）
.What?（请对方部分重复时常用的表达用语。还可表示惊奇，对方不必作答。）如：
---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
---What for? (NMET2004)
【３】where
1.从属连词，引导地点状语从句。如：The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. (上海春2002NMET)
2.关系副词。用于定语从句。如：There were dirty marks on her trousers where she had wiped her hands.
3.连接副词，用于名词性从句。如：You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. (NMET2004)
【4】which
1.疑问代词，指一定范围的“什么”，常译作“哪一个”。如：Which do you prefer to kill your spare time---watching TV or reading?
2.关系代词，也可指代整个句子，但有别于as,不能置于句首；“介词+which”用法一直是高考热点。如：The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.（辽宁2004）
3.连接代词，用于名词性从句中。如：I read about it in some book or other, does it matter which it was? （北京春2001）
【5】it
1.替代词it，替代同一事物而非同类事物，也可指代前面整个句子。如：Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn’t help. (NMET1993)
2.先行词it，用于名词性从句中，作形式主语或宾语。如：I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (NMET2004)
3.引导词it，用于强调句型中。如：It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.（广东2004）
4.虚意it，无具体意义，用来指时间、距离、天气等或较笼统、较模糊的情况。如：
-----I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
-----Forget it. We’re too busy. （NMET2004）
5.人称代词it，指动物或无生命的东西，如：
Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, isn’t it?【6】when
1.引导时间状语从句。如：Don’t be afraid of asking for help when it is needed.
2.类似并列连词，表at that time, 常用于be about to do ... when, hardly...when等句型中。如：
We were swimming in the lake when suddenly the storm started.
3.表原因，同since。如：Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such
a good one already?(NMET1998)
4.连接副词，用于名词性从句中。如：I remember when this used to be a quiet village. (NMET1993)
5.关系副词，用于定语从句中。如：The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET2001)
6.whenever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。如：You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like. (重庆2004)
7.表让步，同even if.如：The enemy held out when they must have known there was no hope.
【7】an/a/the
1.结合语境，分析特指与泛指。
2.表示类别，分清整体和个体。The表示“人或物整体的一类”；a/an表示“一类人或物中的任何一个。”换言之，the是从种类整体讲的，而a/an则是从种类个体的角度讲的。
3.注意名词，分清抽象与具体。
【8】while
1.引导时间状语从句，从句谓语动词为延续性动词。如：
----I’m going to the post office. ---While you’re there, can you get me some stamps? (NMET1999)
2.并列连词，表两相对照。如：The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, while the quality of life is probably one of the highest. (天津2006)
3.引导让步状语从句，表“部分接受，并非全部”。如：While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. (江苏2006)
【9】as
1.关系代词，引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
如：As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （江苏2004）
2.用作介词，表“作为”或用在动词treat, recognize等之后。
如：I feel that one of my main duties as a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. （广东2004）
3.从属连词，引导状语从句，表“让步、时间、方式、比较、原因等。如：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as father was away in France.
As the day went on, the weather got worse. (NMET1990)
It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe. 4.as常见搭配：as good as (与……一样好；实际上，几乎等于) as well (as) (也；与……一样好)， as much（如此），as far as （据……），not so much as （不如……）等。
如：As long as I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.（北京2003）
-----How far apart do they live?
-----As far as I know, they live in the same neighbourhood. （上海2003）John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.（NMET1994）【10】before
1.引导时间状语从句，“在……之前”，常见于“It will
be...(long)before....”句型。如：It was evening before we reached the little town of Winchester.（天津2004）
It will not be long before we know the result of the experiment.（上海2002）
用于祈使句中，既表时间，又表隐含条件，可译作“要不然、否则”，近似or。如：Get out before it got worse.（北京2003）
Put back the book where it is before it gets torn.
3.从属连词，“宁愿……与其……”用法近似于would rather...than...
如：He will die before he tells the secret.
4.从属连词，有“不知不觉某事已经完成”的意思，常见于“...before I know it”。
如：We had come to the store before we know it.
副词，“从前，以前”，常与完成时连用。
如：They have known each other long before.
【11】but
1.并列连词，用法类似于yet,但在“Excuse me/I’m sorry...but”结构中，只能使用but。
如：Excuse me for breaking in, but I have some news for you. (NMET2002) 2.用作介词，表“除了”，但不同于besides, 后可接动词不定式。若前有do 的适当形式，后续动词前要省略to。
如：Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.（上海春2001）
3.从属连词，表“无一例外”，用于否定句中，如：Never does a day pass but we need food.
【12】so
程度副词，表“十分，很”常置于“so+adj.+a/an+n.”“not
so+adj./adv.+(冠词+名词)as+...”“so+(adj./adv) that....”结构中。如：Can you believe that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people?(NMET1995)
He speaks English well indeed, but of course not so fluently as a native speaker. (上海2004)
So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. 2.从句性替代词，用于“so did I, I did so, so I did”以及“I hope so”等结构中表肯定替代。
如：-----Father, You promised!
-----Well, so I did. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first. （湖北2005）
3.并列连词表因果。如：The shop doesn’t open until 11a.m. so it loses
a lot of business.（北京春2004）
4.固定搭配，常见于if so, even so, or so, so as to等短语中。如：
Your uncle seems to be a good driver; even so, I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car.（江西2005）
All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.（辽宁2005）
My parents will move back into town in a year or so.（NMET2005）【13】all
1.代词，指三者以上的人或物。not与all连用表部分否定，
如：I had to buy all these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.（上海2004）
2.用作先行词，后接定语从句，that可省略。如：
------You’re always working .Come on, let’s go shopping.
------All you ever want to do is going shopping.（北京春2002）
3.all为前位限定词，应置于所有修饰语最前面，如：
The husband gave his wife all his income every month in order to please
her.（重庆2004）
4.常见搭配有：in all（总计，总而言之），after all (毕竟，别忘了)，above all（尤其，首先），all the same（尽管如此）等。如：
I’d like to buy a house—modern, comfortable and above all in a quiet neighborhood.（福建2002）
People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. After all, she is a great musician. (NMET2004)
【14】over
1.指时间，过完一段时间，经历，从事……之际。如：
They had a pleasant chat over a cup of coffee.（北京2003）
2.指数目：超过。如：
Children over 16 are allowed to enter alone.
3.指空间；越过，掠过；在……正上方；超越；覆盖。如：
Y ou can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt---it’ll look terrible.（湖南2004）
4.表方式：用电话、收音机等。如：I don’t want to talk about it over the telephone.
5.表比较：等级高、权利大。如：
I can’t make the decision. He is over me in the office.
【15】by
1.表地点或趋向：路过，途经。如：
They came in by the back door.2.表时间：不迟于、在……之前；乘着，在……时，类似when。如：
The train leaves at 6:00p.m. So I have to be at the station by 5:40p.m. at the latest. (NMET1997)
It’s a special experience to visit the lake by night.
3.表程度。如：Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain by an inch. （上海2002）
The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200 . This means it has risen by 20 percent.
4.表方位，被接触身体的一部分，与冠词the连用，常与表“抓、握、击、打”类动词连用。
如：He took her by the arm and led her across the street.
5.以……为单位计量，与定冠词the 连用，形成时间、长度、重量等副词短语。如：
As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour.（上海春2004）
6.表方式，强调使动对象，常用于被动语态中的动词后；使用某种手段或方法，使用某种交通工具等。如：No one helped me. I did it all by myself. (NMET2005)
7.表原因，“由于……”常见于by accident(偶然)，by mistake (由于疏忽)等。如：
We hadn’t planned to meet. We met by chance.(NMET2005)
【16】with
1.表方式或状态，用于“with+宾语+补语”结构中。如：
It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.（福建2004）
With two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.（北京2004）
The prisoner was brought in , with his hands tied behind this back. (NMET1991)
2.表伴随关系，“和……”“与……同时”。如：
American women usually identify their best friend as someone with whom they can talk frequently.
3.具有。如：Have you found the book with a green cover? I need to use it now.
4.表原因，“随……而”，侧重心理变化。如：
Rose was wild with joy at the result of the examination.（上海春2001）5.表方式，使用某种工具。如：Did she get the pen with which she was going to write a letter?
6.对于、关于。如：
--What do you want with those old boxes? ---To put things in when I move to the new flat.（北京02）
7.表比较，常见于compared with, as with 等。如：As with running, learning English needs will.【17】beyond
1.表方向，“在……那一边”，而off表距离，“距离……不远处”。如：
I live beyond the main road while he comes beyond the sea.
2.表时间，“超过，晚于”，after较常见。如：She never stays out beyond 9o’clock.
3.表程度，“因太突出而超出……”“因太惊奇而出乎……”“因太难而能力所不及”。如：
I am sorry it’s beyond my power to make a final decision on the project.（上海春2004）
It’s quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.（安徽2006）
4.表除去，“除……之外”，不用于肯定句中。如：
They have nothing in common beyond their hobbies of collecting stamps.【18】should
1.表应该，侧重说话者的主观意志，表建议或规劝。如：
I should pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.（浙江2004）
2.表懊悔、责备等，should have done表本应该做却没做，其否定形式should not have done则表本不该做但已做了。如：
I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without
a word. (NMET2001)
3.表推测，should not表“也不应该”，为否定推测，而should为肯定推测，
表“也该”。如：
There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.（上海2005）
It’s nearly seven o’clock, Jack should be here at any moment.（NMET1995）4.用于虚拟语气中，常省略。如：
------Don’t you think it necessary that he not be sent to Miami but to New York?
------I agree, but the problem is that he has refused to. （江苏2005）5.表惋惜、惊讶等感情色彩，译作“竟”，用于that从句中或why/how引导的疑问句中。如：
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.（上海2001）
【19】can
1.表能力，在肯定句中指过去做某事的能力，泛指一般能力用could,只表具备做某事的能力，但并不表明是否干成。如：If I could plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.（湖北2005）
2.表懊悔、遗憾，could have done表过去未曾实现的动作，即本能够干好的事却没干好。如：He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.（山东2005）
I could have finished the job in the given time but the computer didn’t work.3.表惊讶等感情色彩，仅用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。如：
How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?（上海2003）
4.表推测，常不用于肯定句中，若用于肯定句中则表偶尔一时的特征，译作“有时会”；而can’t表不可能。如：
The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow.（浙江2005）
-----Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
-----No, it can’t be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (NMET2004)
5.表许可，在请求对方许可时，can 在口语中常用；在准许对方做某事时，答语用can,不用could。如：A left-luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.（NMET2003）------Could I borrow your dictionary? -----Yes, of course you can. (NMET1992)
【20】must
1.表推测，仅用于肯定句中，语气最为肯定；对过去的推测用must have done；mustn’t表禁止，不用于表推测。如：
Tom, you mustn’t leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (NMET2005)
He must have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.（北京2005）
2.表必须，语气强于should, 侧重于说话人的主观意志，译作“一定，务必”，用于肯定句中或否定句中。如：
Children under 12 years of age in that country must be under adult supervision when in a public library.
3.表固执，译作“非要”，所发生之事往往不受欢迎或不需要。如：
John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour? (NMET2005)
【21】may/might
1.表许可：在请求对方许可时，may较正式，might较may委婉；在准许对方做某事时，答语用may,而不用might。如：
-----I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. May I have a look?
-----Yes, certainly. (北京2002)
2.表推测，might比may更不肯定；may not不合写，表“可能不”。如：
------Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
------Sorry, I am not sure. But it might be. (湖北2004)
You might just as well tell the manufacture that male customers may not like the design of the furniture. （上海春2004）
【22】shall
1.用于二、三人称表允诺、命令、警告、强制等，是说话者的意志而不是句子主语的意志。此用法也常见于法律文书中。如：
“The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement m ade by both sides”, declared the judge. (重庆2004)
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.（上海2002）
2.shall用于一、三人称疑问句中表征询对方的意见。如：
----The room is so dirty. Shall we clean it? ----Of course. （北京2003）
3.其否定形式shan’t表禁止或威胁。如：
----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
----You shan’t have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （湖南2004）
【23】will
1.表将来。通常不用于时间、条件的状语从句，而用一般现在时代替。但表意志的will是if所引导从句中的主语的意志、好意、主动等。 If you run, you may be in time. （跑步的话，你可能来得及。）If you’ll listen to me, I’ll tell you the truth.（假如你愿意听我说，我就告诉你实情。）
2.表主语的强烈意志、主张。译作“无论如何，总要……”。如：
I will marry you whatever happens. This door won’t shut.
3.表推测。“当是……，似为……”。如：That will be your book. You will have heard of it.
4.表习惯、习性、倾向。译作“常……，易于……，毕竟……”My car will sometimes break down. Boys will be boys.
5.表可能性、能力。译作“能……”。 This hall will seat five hundred. That
will do.
6.表即时决定。译作“就……”。如：
------Who will turn off the lights. ------I will.
【24】until
1.“延续性动词（肯定式）+unti l”表示“直到......才......”如：
He lived with his parents until he graduated from college.
He practiced running until he was tired out.
He waited for him until he came back.
2.“终止性动词/延续性动词的否定式+until”表示“直到......才......”，如：
He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work.
They didn’t reach the village until it was dark.
He didn’t come until he had gone over his lessons.
3.用于强调句型“It is not until......that......”，如：
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
4.not until放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序，如：
Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining the compound.【25】unless
1.“not.......unless+肯定句”相当于“if+否定句”，如：
(1)A: You can’t enter the hall if you have no ticket.
B: You can’t enter the hall unless you have a ticket.(2)A: Don’t come if I don’t call you.
B: Don’t come unless I call you.
2.unless 从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，unless后面的主语与动词可省略。Unless (he is) in uniform, he doesn’t look like a policeman.
The girl never give in unless wrong.
Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.
【26】both/neither
1.选择对象为两者，译为“两者，双方，二人”。Both 视为复数。
Both of the flowers are very beautiful.= The flowers are both very beautiful.
2.用于否定句时，表部分否定，完全否定时要用not either/neither.
Both of his children are not college students.（部分否定）
Not both of his children are college students.（部分否定）
Neither of his children are college students.（全部否定）
3.both ....... and ......译为“……和……都，既……又……”。其否定形式为：“neither...... nor......../ not either.......or......”。
The book is both interesting and instructive.
The book is neither interesting nor instructive.
He was famous both as a novelist and as a stateman.
He was famous neither as a novelist nor as a stateman.
4.neither放在句首，句子要部分倒装。He can’t speak French, neither can I.
高考第二轮语法词汇复习非谓语
高考第二轮语法词汇复习 一、动词和非谓语动词 动词 1. 动词的时态 A）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 I opened the door. I have opened the door. B）一般将来时的表达方式 will/shall+动词原形We will/ shall visit the museum tomorrow. be going to+动词原形be + doing 进行时表示将来 be about to + 动词原形be to + 动词原形 They will go to the concert this evening. It’s dangerous outside. Everyone shall stay in the room.（表示命令） You shall be fined if you go on doing like this.（表示警告） You shall get a present if you achieve the goal.（表示许诺） I am going to write an article about my tour in Europe.（事先打算，有意图要发生） It looks as if it is going to rain.（客观情况下即将发生） I was about to go out yesterday morning when the telephone rang. Please fasten your seat belt. The plane is about to take off.（时间不确定） We are to gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.（表示事先安排好的）If you are to succeed, you must work hard. ( 表示主语所指的人的愿望) C）进行时态 进行时表示将来的动作(come, go, leave…) Mary is leaving for London next week./The old man is dying. 进行时态表示经常发生的动作（带有情感色彩） The teacher is always praising me. (表示赞扬) She is continuing getting into trouble (表示同情) You are forever doubting my word. (表示恼火) D) 表示“本打算”，“本计划”，“本来想” was / were to have done…, but …didn’t… had thought / had planned / had hoped / had expecte d …, but …didn’t…. had intended to do / would have liked to do… , but intended to have done / would like to have done, but I had intended to mail her yesterday, but I forgot. E) there,here 开首的倒装句，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时 There goes the bell./ Here comes the bus. F) hold, contain,include, have, exist 表示状态，不用进行时 believe, think, suppose等表示心理状态，通常用一般现在时表示现在的感觉 see, hear, smell 等示感觉的动词，一般不用进行时态，而用一般现在时 belong to,matter不用进行时 Look! I have a book in my hand. I think English is hard to learn well. He heard what the man said just now. This book belongs to me.
高考英语二轮语法高频语法词汇详解
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校高考英语二轮专题语法高频语法词汇详解 【1】 that １.引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，无具体意义。A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (上海2004NMET) 2.关系代词，用于限制性定语从句。如：Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (上海春2002NMET) 3.程度副词，等于so.如：Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always that much to do. （广东2004NMET） 4.用于强调句型中，起连接作用。如：Why! I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say? (上海2004NMET) 5.替代词，既可替代可数名词，表特指；又可替代不可数名词，后接of。如：I’m moving to countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. (江苏2005NMET) 【２】what 1.引导名词性从句，担任句子成分。如：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津2004NMET) 2.疑问代词，指不定范围的“什么”。如：What do you think I should do to make up for the lost time? 3.whatever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。如：These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. (北京春2000NMET) 4.用于感叹句中。如：What terrible weather we’ve been having these days! (NMET1992) 5.在情景交际中的用法： What for?（表原因，译作“为何”） What’s up?（相当于What’s happening?） So what?（表“是……又怎么样呢？”） What a shame!（表遗憾） What’s more.（表递进） What’s wrong?（表焦虑） .What?（请对方部分重复时常用的表达用语。还可表示惊奇，对方不必作答。）如： ---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? ---What for? (NMET2004) 【３】where 1.从属连词，引导地点状语从句。如：The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. (上海春2002NMET) 2.关系副词。用于定语从句。如：There were dirty marks on her trousers where she had wiped her hands. 3.连接副词，用于名词性从句。如：You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. (NMET2004) 【4】which
2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法二轮复习(02)不定词短语知识点总结整理
2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法二轮复习（02） 不定词短语知识点总结整理 不定词短语 不定词最合理的解释就是把它视为助动词的变化>> 不定词与助动词的共同点 I am glad to know you.(很高兴能认识你。 I am glad because I am able to know you. 由连接词because所引导的副词从句中，主语I和前面主要从句的主语相同，是重复的元素。动词am是个空的be动词，没有意义。因此这两个元素(I am)都可以省略。可是，副词从句中省略主语与动词之后，已经不成一个完整的从句结构了。如此一来，连接词because也就没有必要存在。剩下的不定词to know 本身就带有able to的暗示，所以就变成：I am glad to know you. 翻译成“很高兴能认识你”，是因为这个to know就是able to know，也就是can know的变化>> 不定词与助动词之间有什么共同点 一、后面都要接原形动词 二、都有「不确定」的语气 例：He is right.(他是对的。）He may be right.(他可能是对的。) He seems to be right.(他好像是对的。) 第一句He is right.是确定的语气，把“他是对的”当作事实来叙述。一旦加上助动词may之后，就成了不确定的语气。所以第二句He may be right只是一个推测，不是事实叙述。同样的，一旦用到不定词，
也是不确定的语气。第三句He seems to be right也是推测，不是事实叙述。这种不确定语气是不定词与助动词之间一个很重要的共同点，可以用来判断何时该用不定词。>> 三、都要用完成式来表达相对的过去时间 It may rain any minute 是未来时态，It might even snow同样也是未来时态，这时的might并不是may的过去式，只表示比较保留、比较没有把握的猜测语气。所以，不论像must这类只有一种拼法的助动词还是像may,might 这类有两种拼法的助动词，都只能用来猜测现在或未来时间的事情，助动词本身缺乏表达过去时间的能力。>> 在猜测过去的事情时,助动词不论是must、may还是might，都只能表示语气强弱的差别，无法表达过去。助动词后面要接原形动词，也不能用过去式，所以别无选择，只好用完成式来表示过去，也就是must have rained 这种形态。就这点来看，不定词仍然与助动词相同。 It seems to have rained last night.(昨晚好像下过雨。）>> 这个句子的动词seems是现在式，表示“现在看起来”、“现在的推测”。可是推测的事情是昨天晚上的事，是过去的时间，所以“下雨”应该是过去式，但是不定词与助动词一样，本身缺乏表达过去的能力，而且它后面要接原形动词，也不能用过去式，所以只能用完成式来表示过去，变成to have rained。这又是不定词和助动词的一个共同点>>
高考第二轮复习英语语法讲解——名词.
2008届高考第二轮复习英语语法讲解 名词 ▲一、考点聚焦 1.可数名词单、复数变化形式 （1）规则变化。 ①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。 ②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。 特例：stomach - stomachs ③以"辅音字母 + y"结尾的变"y"为"i"再加"-es"。如： baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。 ④以"o"结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。 ⑤以"f"或"fe"结尾的名词复数形式变"f"或"fe"为"v"，之后再加-es。如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。 ⑥改变元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet, woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。 ⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - bookstores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women drivers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如： brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。 ⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero - zeros 、zeroes; penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。 （2）不规则变化。
高考英语二轮复习语法突破 专题四 数词(含答案)
语法复习第四讲：数词 I、重点难点解析 数词是用来表示事物和数量的顺序的词，分为基数词和序数词两种。
三数词的用法： 1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表 2.约数表示法列表
3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表 一. 根据句意将括号内的汉语译成英语 1.It is not rare ________________（在九十年代）that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. 2.______________ （三分之二）of the land in that district is covered with trees. 3. Americans eat __________________ （两倍多的）as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. 4.The earth is ______________ (49倍)the size of the moon. 5.The grain output of this year is __________________ (高8%) than that of last year. 6._______________ （几百万）people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day. 7．The hero of the story is an artist ____________________ （三十多岁）． 8．Mr Smith asked me to buy _____________（两打）eggs for the dinner．9．—Tell me where you live，please． —I live____________________（在和平路123号）． 10. About ______________________ ( 三千人)took part in the demonstration against the war on Iraq. 11. The rice production has __________________________ (增加了5.8%) this year. 12. There were fifteen presidents before Abraham Lincoln, so he was _____________ ( 第十六任)president. 13. It will take me ____________________________( 一年半的时间) to finish the
高考英语二轮复习语法突破 专题三 代词(含答案)
语法复习第3讲：代词 I、重点难点解析 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑 一、人称代词的用法 1.作主语用主格。作宾语用宾格。She teaches us English. 2.在句中作表语，常用宾格。Who is it? It’s me. 但有时用主格。If I were she, I would’t go there. 二、物主代词的用法 1．形容词性物主代词——只作定语：This is our classroom. 2 ①英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如： Jack took off his coat and went to bed. ② “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如： Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.
四、指示代词的用法 1.时空的差别 e.g. There is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have, this or that？ 2. This 和that 在行文叙述上的差别。 e.g. I shall say this to you: he is a poor man. He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come. 3.that 和those 用于表比较的结构。 The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown. TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here. 4. 打电话时this 表示我,that表示你. 1）none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如： — How many people are there in the room now ? — None. — Who is in the room ? — No one / nobody. 2) none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。 2. each 和every 1) each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如：The tickets each cost ten dollars.（each 作同位语，不能用costs） 2) every 还可表示“每……的；每……中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。 every year or two 每一两年 every other day 每隔一天 Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。
高考英语二轮复习 语法热点突破第七讲 连词和关系词
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校高考第二轮复习英语广东版语法热点突破 第七讲连词和关系词 一、并列连词 引导词 关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as 关系副词：when，where，why→在从句中充当状语。 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看引导词在定语从句中的语法功能（作主语、宾语、定语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 （一）1．修饰物时只用which不用that的情况。 （1）引导非限制性定语从句时。如： Bamboo is hollow，which makes it light. （2）当关系词前有介词时。如： This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived. 2．修饰人时只用who不用that的情况。 （1）先行词为one，ones，anyone，those指代人时。如： The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.
I don't like those who look down upon others. （2）当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。如： The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago. （二）way在定语从句中作先行词的用法 当先行词为way，关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词可用in which，that或省略引导词。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which 或that引导。如： This is the way that/in_which/省略 I do such things. I don't like the way that/in_which/省略 he looks at me. This is the way that/which he has thought out. （三）若先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导，而是需要弄清从句中缺少什么成分，然后再确定恰当的关系词。 This is the room where I lived last year. This is the house that/which I bought last year. This is the shop where I bought my bike. This is the room that/which I lived in last year. （四）定语从句与简单句等的区别。如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so等连接词，则这两个句子为两个并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导定语从句。尤其值得注意的是，逗号后面也许根本就不是一个句子，而只是一个同位语。 （1）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，which I will always treasure. （2）They have more than 100 books；most of them are English. （3）They have more than 100 books，most of which are English. （3）They have more than 100 books，and most of them are English. 四、名词性从句 （一）引导词 1．that没有任何意义，不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用，故常可省略。 2．if/whether意为“是否”。 3．who，which，what，when，where，how，whoever（凡是……的人）等连接代词或连接副词，这些词本身有词义，也作句子成分，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，连接副词在从句中作状语。 （二） 1．that引导名词性从句时，没有任何意义，也不作任何句子成分；但that 引导定语从句时，它代替先行词，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如： I still remember the promise that he made.我依然记得他许下的诺言。
2023届高考英语二轮复习教案：十大高级语法句式
读后续写10大语法句式： 读后续写句式1：无灵主语（用无生命的事物来做主语） (1）心理、情绪：“a wave of+情绪名词+固定动词+sb” Uncontrollably, a wave of remorse washed over me as I heard the bad news. A strong/intense sense of delight took hold of me the moment I heard the news. 听到好消息，我开心。________________________________________________ 听到那坏消息，我懊悔________________________________________________ (2)有行为意义的名词：“一见到/一想到” The sight/thought of sth made sb+情绪形容词：一见/想到sth，某人xxxx At the sight/thought of sth, sb did sth: 一见/想到sth，某人xxxx 例：1. 一想到和爷爷度过的时光，我就感到十分快乐。 The thought of the moments shared with grandpa filled me with great joy 2.一见到那头熊，他就紧张。When he saw the bear, he felt very nervous. （改写）
(3)无生命事物作主语，结尾句：__________________________________ 1.The words still lingered in one's mind. 那此话还蒙绕在心头 2.The story taught us that never should we judge a book by its cover. 3.The experience enlightened him that... 这段经历让他明白… 4.An idea suddenly struck sb. that +句子. (某人突然想到) 5.It gradually dawned upon me that...（我逐渐意识到） 总结. 读后续写句式1：无灵主语(用无生命的事物来做主语) (1) 心理、情绪：“a wave of+情绪名词+固定动词+sb” A wave of delight seized me. (2) 有行为意义的名词：“sight/thought/walk/steps” The sight/thought of sth made sb+情绪形容词：一见/想到sth，某人xxxx At the sight/thought of sth, sb did sth: 一见/想到sth，某人xxxx (3) 无生命事物作主语，结尾句：“The words / The story...” The words still lingered in one's mind. 那些话还萦绕在心头 The experience enlightened him that... 这段经历让他明白... 读后续写句式2：比喻（多用于情绪/动作描写，强调） 情绪句式一： “like a xxx” “Filled with+情绪，sb do sth like a xxx” Filled with rage, he charged towards me like a fury bull．他满腔怒火，如公牛向我冲来 Falling into sadness, Rose buried her crestfallen face in arms like a deflated balloon.像泄了气的气球Drown in laughter, Jimmy dashed out of the school gate like a free bird.
语法专题1：定语从句 讲义-江苏省2022届中职高考英语二轮复习
中职高考英语二轮复习语法专题1：定语从句（解析版） 1.什么是定语从句 ①There is a beautiful flower. ②There is a flower which is beautiful. 从以上给到的两个例句，不难看出，两个句子表达的含义是一致的，但表达的方法不一致，加粗的部分都是用来修饰flower这个名词，但①句中是用形容词beautiful来修饰，②句是用一个句子来起到修饰作用。 起到形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词的成分，即定语，那么②句中这个句子，就称为定语从句。 句子中被修饰的词叫先行词（即例句中的flower），引导定语从句的词叫关系词（即例句中的which），关系词可以分为关系代词，关系副词。 关系词在定语从句中的作用： 一．连接先行词和从句 二．在从句中担任一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致．（简而言之，关系词就是先行词的化身，代替先行词在从句中充当角色） 2.定语从句分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，看以下例句： The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。 China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 非限制性定语从句： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中国是1949年成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。
专题04形容词和副词-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破(新高考专用)(解析版)
专题04形容词和副词 1.语篇型填空、短文改错主要考查形容词、副词的句法功能,因此考生需要掌握形容词、副词 ．．．．．．．．．．．． 在句中作什么成分 ．．．．．．．．。 2.对形容词和副词的构词法(构成形容词的后缀 ．．．．)的考查是语篇型填空、 ．．．构成副词 ．．．．．．．．,“．．形容词 ．．．+．-．ly” 短文改错的重点之一。 3.对形容词、副词的比较等级(形容词及副词比较级、最高级的构成规则 ．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．;．形容词及副词平级、 比较级、最高级的基本句型 ．．．．．．．．．．．．)的考查是语篇型填空、短文改错的另一个重点。 4.对形容词、副词的辨析(如many和much的区别,hard和hardly的区别,before和ago的区别,so 和such的区别等)是语篇型填空、短文改错的一个难点。 5.对数词的考查主要是基数词和序数词之间的相互转换。 6.对形容词、副词构词法和比较等级的考查仍然是未来高考语篇型填空、短文改错的重点。 1.（2021辽宁六校期中联考,45）It seems that Chinese Spring Festival is becoming a _____(globe) celebration of joy and love. 【答案】global 【解析】空处在冠词后名词前,作定语修饰celebration,应用形容词形式global。 2.（2021安徽五校联考,66）If you then touch your eyes, mouth or nose, you are (likely) to become infected than those who wash their hands. 【答案】more likely 【解析】根据空后的"than"可知,此处要用形容词的比较级形式。 3.（2021江苏四市调研,36）It is not only an important part of (tradition) Chinese culture but also a way of life for people of all classes. 【答案】traditional 【解析】句意:它不仅是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,也是各阶层人民的生活方式。空处在此作定语,修饰Chinese culture,应用形容词形式,故填traditional。 4.（2021广东四市名校联考,44）California, Oregon and Washington state have seen historic wildfires that have burned faster and (far) than ever before. 【答案】farther/further 【解析】根据空后的than可知,空处应填比较级形式修饰burned,此处表示距离上更远,farther/further均可。
高考英语二轮复习定语从句考点讲解含解析
学习资料 高考英语二轮复习定语从句考 点讲解含解析 班级：科目：
定语从句 知识点一、定语从句与并列句的区别 请观察下面三个句子： 1．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ______ disappointed his mother. 2．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and ______ disappointed his mother。 3．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination; ______ disappointed his mother。 第一句话:句中有逗号，根据句意可知，空白处的内容应该指的是前面整个句子的内容，是对前文信息的补充说明，因此,此句是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which； 第二句话：句中有并列连词and，因此整个句子是一个并列句，所以可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。 第三句话：句中有分号，这表明整个句子是一个并列句，因此可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。 【解题技巧】 判断是定语从句还是并列句，要注意句中的标点符号和句中的连接词。如果句与句之间有连词或者分号，则是并列句;如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词. 知识点二、“介词＋关系代词"引导的定语从句中介词的选择 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点，也是一个难点。请看下面三个句子,填上合适的介词，并从中发现一些规律。 1．He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge. 2．This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago。
2021届高考英语二轮复习语法专项突围专题10 过去分词(解析版)
过去分词 1. Li Ziqi is famous for her videos of rural self-sufficiency ______ on Weibo and YouTube. A. posted B. having posted C. having been posted D. to be posted 2. The workers are glad to get the harbor scheduled next year ______. A. to be finished B. having been finished C. finished D. being finished 【答案解析】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：完成了计划在来年完工的港口，工人们很高兴。分析句子可知，are是句子的谓语，scheduled是过去分词作后置定语修饰限定the harbor，空白处与前面构成get+O+O.C结构；finish与宾语the harbor是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。 3. The police are trying to find out the evidence of the woman _________ in the bathroom. A. murdered B. to be murdered C. being murdered D. murdering 【答案解析】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察正在努力找出那个女士在浴室被谋杀的证据。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是are trying，所以空白处要用非谓语动词；谋杀（murder）与逻辑主语the woman是被动关系，要用过去分词形式。故选A。 【点睛】非谓语动词解题三原则： 1、查看句子是否缺少谓语动词，来判断是否使用非谓语动词形式。 2、判断语态，根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态。 3、判断时态，根据动作的先后关系等，判断应该使用的时态。 4. One afternoon, as I was sitting with a book in my hand, my eyes, __________ in abstraction to the window, caught sight of a figure just passing. A. raising B. to raise C. raised D. having raised 【答案解析】C 【详解】考查过去分词做状语。句意：一天下午，我手里拿着一本书坐在那里，眼睛呆呆地望着窗外，看见一个人影经过。在本句中，“raise”是及物动词，与被修饰名词“my eyes”之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此要用过去分词。故选C项。 【点睛】过去分词在句中可以作状语,修饰谓语（多放在句首，也可放在后面或插在中间）；
高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解
高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解（有试题集及分析）（08） 英语中的易混词、词组辨析 1. must和have to 这两个词均表示"必须"，must常偏重主观意志，而have to偏重客观需要。must一般只用于一般现在时和将来时态，而have to则有更多的时态。例如： We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我们每天必须六点钟起床。 It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 没有时间了，我们必须快点起床。 We must follow the Party forever. 我们必须永远跟着党走。 He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他说他第二天得和她一道去。 2. almost 和nearly 这两个词意思均为"几乎"、"差不多"。但从程度的角度上说almost更接近些，感情色彩也更浓。在与表示否定意义的词never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none连用时，要用almost，不能用nearly。但可以说not nearly，而不能说not almost。例如： It's nearly time. 时间快到了。 It's almost time. 时间马上就到了。 Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 几乎没有人知道昨天发生在街上的那起交通事故。 3. the number of 和a number of the number of 意为"……数目"，用单数谓语动词。a number of 意为"许多的"、"一些"，用复数谓语动词。例如： A number of students visited the factory last month. 上个月许多学生参观了那个工厂。 The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校学生的人数是三千多。 4. go to sleep 和go to bed go to sleep 意为"入睡"，指睡着了，表示状态。go to bed 意为"去睡觉"，指上床去睡觉，表示动作。例如： We usually go to bed at eleven. 我们通常十一点上床睡觉。 I found that he had gone to sleep. 我发现他已经睡着了。 5. receive 与accept receive（vt.）意为"接受"，没有主观色彩，指收到了送来的东西。accept（vt.）意为"接受"，指乐意接受，强调主观愿望。例如： She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it. 她收到了他的礼物，但她拒绝接受。 I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天，我收到了一封来自美国的信。 I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建议。 6. at the end of 和in the end at the end of 意为"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意为"最后"、"最终"是finally和at last 的同义词。例如： After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十个月以后，他最终完成了工作。 There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。
语法填空变形词汇(默写版)-2022年高考英语二轮复习之题型高频词汇默背记
2022年高考英语二轮复习之题型高频词汇默背记05 语法填空变形词汇 第一部分易错词形转换识记 第1组 1. I wanted so much to buy something from her because I could tell she was having a hard time __________ (finance). 2. We can win the __________ (argue) if we present the facts clearly. 3. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only __________ (occasion). 4. Students need to have time for relaxation and cultural activities, as well as for __________ (academy) work. 5. He burst out laughing, but then became __________ (uncomfortable) aware that no one else was laughing. 第2组 1. The remote desert area is __________ (access) only by helicopter. 2. He was very surprised at what I said and stared at me in __________ (belief). 3. To my surprise, they questioned the __________ (accurate) of the information on the website. 4. The book is an __________ (analyze) of poverty and its causes. 5. I knew it was only a small operation but I couldn't help feeling __________ (anxiety). 第3组 1. His actions were based on a false __________ (assume). 2. We are looking for someone who is __________ (rely) and hardworking. 3. I'd like to talk with one of your __________ (consult). I need some suggestions on how to market my product. 4. As a student, your personal __________ (behave) outside school also reflects on the school. 5. To be frank, the result was beyond my __________ (expect). 第4组 1. The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly(increase) serious problem for the mankind. 2. I was sorry to learn of your uncle's __________ (die). 3. As you can see, daily practice __________ (able) me to speak fluently in class. 4. Do not accept packages from strangers. Do not carry too much money or __________ (necessary) credit cards. If we make enough __________ (prepare), we will succeed. 5. Is there any __________ (explain) for his strange report? 第5组 1. As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with __________ (please). 2. The __________ (compare) made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that the memory capacity of a teenager should be fully made use of. 3. The government has been __________ (caution) in its response to the report. 4. Such a rewarding activity does have a __________ (benefit) effect on children's learning.