小学四年级英语常用语法总结

小学四年级英语常用语法总结
小学四年级英语常用语法总结

(一)情态动词can

can 在英语中有一个特殊的名字,叫做情态动词,表示“能够”,“会”,“能力”后面要跟着表示动作的动词。没有时态和人称的变化。表示不能做什么的时候,后面加上not为can not,或者缩写为can?t。问别人“能…吗?”要把can 放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号。

例句:

—I can swing.I can draw.—She can jump.He can play .

—We can touch .They can run.—I can?t sing.You can?t see.

—She can?t dance.He can?t hear a car.—We can?t hear an aeroplane.

—Can you hear a dog?Can he hear a bus?—Can Lucy write?Can you do it?

将下面各组词组成句子

1._____________.(an,aeroplane,hear,Lucy,can)

2. _____________________.(not,he ,dance,can )

3.__________________? (you,can ,see,what )

4._________________.(can ,see ,not ,we ,you)

5._________________. (I ,can ,help ,you )

6._____________________? (I,can ,do,what)

7.___________________? (you ,can ,hear me)

8.___________________? (you ,can ,dance)

(二)人称代词所属格

注意:主格作主语,其中she指带代国家,it可指代天气时间等。

宾格作宾语,介词宾语,表语。动词后面用人称宾格

形容词性物主代词作定语。

名词性物主代词作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语书信yours…

表示---- 的,这样的词我们也学习很多了,你能想出来吗?

记住这个小口诀就很容易了:我的my ,你的your,他的his、她的her. //它的是its; 我们的our; 你们的是your他们(它们,她们)的是their//这些人称代词形式称为人称代词所属格,也叫形容词性物主代词。通常用在名词前面表示所属关系。另外,表示某人的还可以用名词或人名+ ?s 来表示。如:

my kite;your book;his pen;her coat;its tail;our class;

their teachers;my brother?s;book;the cat?s ears;Mary?s mother

一.写出下列人称代词的所属格形式

I________you_________he______________She_________ it____________

we_____________You_________they_________

二.用合适的人称代词填空

(1) This is Ben. This is _______bicycle.

(2) I am Kitty.______ bag is blue

(3) She?s Alice.That?s _____ umbrella.

(4) You are Mr Li.______ car is black.

(5) Is this ______ hat?Yes,it?s my hat.

(6) That?s my mother.That?s _____ coat.

(7) Where?s ______ scarf?Here you are.

(8) He?s Mr Wang._____ gloves are new.

三.翻译下列词组

1. 你的名字_____________

2.我们班___________

3. 他的小弟弟____________

4.我祖母___________

5. 它的尾巴______________

6.我的鞋____________

7. 她的围巾________________8.我的衬衫_________

9. 他们的老师______________10.玛丽的雨伞_________

四.用下列单词组句

1.___________________________ (my ,is,name ,Tom)

2.____________________________ (is,miss ,Gao,,our,friend)

3.____________________________ (is what ,your number ,telephone)

4.____________________________? (mother ,your ,a teacher ,is)

5.____________________________? (who?s ,cap ,it ,is)

答案:一. I(my)you (your)he(his)she(her)it(its)We (our)you (your)they (their)

三. 1.your name 2.our class 3. his little brother 4.my grandmother

5.its tail

6.my shoes

7.her scarf

8.my shirt

9.their teacher10. Mary?s umbrella

四. 1.My name is Tom. 2.Miss Gao is our friend 3.What?s your telephone number? 4.Is your mother a teacher? 5.Who?s cap is it?

(三)介词、连词和感叹词

1.介词:介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,必须在介词后面加上个名词或代词使用,作句子成份。

介词后面的名词(或相当于名词的其它词)叫做介词的宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语。介词短语在句中可作壮语、定语或表语。

介词如: in 在…里面on在…上面under在…下面等。

in the classroom in the tree in the hall

on the road on the desk on the floor

under the table under the bed under the chair

2.连词:连词是用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子等的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词,在句子中不能单独作句子成分。连词分两类:一类叫等立连词,另一类叫从属连词。

(1). 等立连词是用来连接同等的词、词组和分句的。等立连词有许多

我们现在只学到了and和but,其他的以后学到再介绍。

如:A and B ; blue and white ;an apple and a banana;a car and a bus;Lucy and Ben ; Ben and Kitty ;

This is a lorry and that?s a drill.

I like dolls and you like robots.

(2). 从属连词是用来引起从句的、从属连词又分为

1) 引起名词性从句的连接词,如:if ,that 等。

2)引起壮语从句的连接词,如:when ,after ,before等。以后会逐渐学到再介绍。

3.感叹词: 表示说话人的某种感情(惊讶,高兴,痛苦等)的词叫感叹词。感叹词后常用感叹号。常用的感叹词有:oh(表示惊奇或痛苦),ah(表示惊奇或满意),hello(常被用来打招呼相当于汉语的“喂!”),well(表示惊讶,无奈)

如:Hello.Are you Mary?

练习:翻译下列词组

1.在桌子上面

2.在树下面

3.在椅子上面

4.在盒子里面

5.在黑板上

6.在书里

7.在脸上8.在公共汽车上

9.一只猫和一只狗.10.又小又胖

答案:1. on the desk 2. under the tree 3. on the chair 4. in the box 5. on the blackboard 6. in the book7. on the face8. on the bus 9. a cat and a dog 10. small and fat

(四) 单数句和复数句:

口诀:单数句子变,变化规则要记住。名词代词要变化,am,is要变are。

this,that变成啥,these,those来替它。he,she,it要变啥,全部变they 不用怕。

I要变we莫落下,名词后面把s/es加。名前冠词去掉它,其余成分原样加。

具体注意下面的六要素:

1.单数主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we; you→you; she,he,it→they。如:She is a girl.→They are girls.

2. am,is要变为are。如:I…m a student. →We are students.

3.不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:He is a boy. →They are boys.

4.普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:It is a cat. →They are cats.

5.指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:This is a book.→These are books.

6. man,woman作定语修饰可数名词时,要在”数”上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示”性质”时,不作变化。如:

He is a man doctor.→They are men doctors.

This is an apple tree.→They are apple tre es.

单复数相互转换,每空一词(含缩写)。

1. The woman is a nurse.(改为复数句)

The _________ _________ _________.

2. There are some old cars.(改为单数句)

There _______ _______ old _______.

3. He has a new book.(改为复数句)

______ ______ new _______.

4. Are these your chicks ?(改为单数句)

_____ _______ your _______?

5. Is there a sheep in the playground?(改为复数句) ____ there ____ ____ in the playground?

(五)一般疑问句及特殊疑问句

句子基本是:简单陈述句,由简单陈述句转变成肯定句,否定句,疑问句。疑问句是用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句: 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。我们现在已经接触到了前两种疑问句。后两种疑问句以后我们还会学到.

一.一般疑问句:

英语中要用yes和no 来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。如:

1)Is it hot ?Yes,it is .\No,it isn?t.—— be动词引导

2)Is it a car ?Yes,it is .\No,it isn?t .—— be动词引导

3)Is this your ruler ?Yes,it is .\No,it isn?t .—— be动词引导

4)Do you like bananas ?——含实义动词

Yes,I like bananas. \ No,I don?t lik e bananas.

5)Can Ming hear a drill ?——含情态动词

Yes ,Ming can hear a drill.\No,Ming can?t hear a drill.

.陈述句(肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句)的转变规律:

1.肯定句:

2.否定句:

3. 一般疑问句及肯否定回答

1) 主语+be动词+….1) 主语+be动词+not+….1)be动词+主语+…?

Yes,主语+be动词./

No,主语+be动词+not.

I am a teacher.I amnot a teacher.Are you a teacher?

--Yes,I am./ No,I am not.

My mother is thin.My mother is not /isn?t thin.Is your mother thin?

--Yes,she is./ No,she isn?t.

They are insects(昆虫).They are not/aren?t insects.Are they insects?

--Yes. they are./ No,they aren?t.

2) 主语+情态动词can+… 2) 主语+情态动词can+ not+….2)情态动词can+主语+…?

Yes,主语+情态动词can/

No,主语+情态动词can+ not

He can jump.He cannot/can?tjump.Can he jump?

--Yes,he can./ No,he can?t.

3)助动词do/does+主语+…. 动词原形+….动词原形?

Yes,主语+助动词do/does.

No,主语+助动词do/does+not.

He likes to eat apples.He doesn?t like to eat apples.Does he like to eat apples?

Yes,he does./ No,he doesn?t.

二. 祈使句:表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句,主语you常省略。

1、肯定形式:一般以动词原形开头。Open the door,please.

2、否定形式:在句首谓语动词前加Don…t。Don…t be late for class.

三特殊疑问句(又叫wh-question)

用特殊疑问词来提出问题的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词一般要放在句首。常用的疑问词有what who ,which how 等这些词都以wh开头(包括how)所以也叫作wh-question。特殊疑问句要求回答具体内容。不能用yes或no回答。结构:疑问词+一般疑问句。回答不能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句。答句的句式同肯定句句式:如:

What can you see ?I can see a cat.

What can you hear ?I can hear a bus.

What can you do ?I can sing and dance.

What is it ? It?s a panda.

What do you like ?I like playing football

How old are you ?I?m ten.

一.将下列句子变成一般疑问句

1 Mr Wang is thirsty______________?

2.The elephent?s ears are long______?

3. We like birds___________________?

4.Hello.You are his mother__________?

5.I can sing and dance._____________? 二将下列每组词各组成一句特殊疑问句

1.(you are how). _______________?.

2.(old how Ben is)_________ ________?

3.colour is what your shirt____________?

4.(can see what the on you desk ) ____?

5.(like what do you)________________?

答案:一.1. Is Mr Wang thirsty? 2. Are the elephent?s ears long 3. Do you like birds? 4.Hello. Are you his mother? 5.Can you sing and dance?

二.1. How are you? 2.How old is Ben ? 3.What colour is your shirt?

4.What can you see on the desk?

5.What do you like?

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小学英语语法总结全集 四大时态 一、一般现在时 一般现在时的功能: 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。例:The sky is blue. 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 (句中一般含有usually , often , always , sometimes , every week等) 一般现在时的构成:肯定句 1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 (我用am,你用are,is 连着he she it , 单数is,复数are ) 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。 (当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词要变成V3单。 V3单的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies一般过去时 否定句:be+not ; V助+not 一般疑问句:Be / V助提前(some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换)二、现在进行时/正在进行时 一般现在时的功能: 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(句中一般含有now, look, listen.) 现在进行时的构成:肯定句 主语+ be +V-ing. 动词加ing的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是辅音+元音+辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping swimming (listen除外,直接加ing) 否定句:be+not 一般疑问句:be提前(some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换) 三、一般将来时 概念: 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。基本结构: ①主语+be going to + do/地点+其他如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow.

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高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

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