英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。
）中，“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。
）中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。
）中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。
例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。
）中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。
）中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。
）中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。
）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。
例如，“I love you” （我爱你。
）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解及练习英语句⼦成分1．主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物，是句⼦叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）2．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本⾝有词义，但不能单独⽤作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终⽌系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。
)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 5)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。
如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。
)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。
如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分及英语句子结构讲解及总结练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子从结构上分：1．简单句2．并列句〔并列复合句〕3．复合句〔主从复合句〕1〕名词性从句：〔1〕主从(2)宾从 (3)表从 (4)同从2〕形容词性从句定从〔限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句〕副词性从句〔状从〕简单句的五种根本句型五种句子的根本结构，主谓主谓宾主系表主谓双宾语〔间宾直宾〕主谓复合宾语〔宾+宾补〕主语〔subject〕:是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
Thesunrisesintheeast. 〔名词〕Helikesdancing. 〔代词〕Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving. 〔动名词〕Toseeistobelieve. 〔不定式〕Whatheneedsisabook.〔主语从句〕Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish. Helikesplayingthegames.表语〔predicative〕:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisate acher.〔名词〕Fiveandfiveisten.〔数词〕Heisasl eep.〔形容词〕Hisfath erisin.〔副词〕Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.〔形容词化的分词〕Towearafloweristos ay “I’mpoor,Ican〔不’定式tbuy〕aring.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome .〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词feel(摸起来,sound〔听起有:be来〕,look〔看起来〕,taste〔尝、吃起来〕,smell 〔闻起来〕keep,stay,remain〔保持，仍是〕get,become,turnfeel〔感觉〕...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundsswee t.Tomlooksth in.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen .NowIfeeltired.第1页共14页宾语：1〕动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina. 〔名词〕Hehatesyou.〔代词〕Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.〔数词〕Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou. 〔动名词〕Ihopetoseeyouagain.〔不定式〕Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? 〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake? Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕和直宾〔指物〕Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone missing lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。
)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 5)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。
如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。
)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。
如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
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英语句子成分1．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物，是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）2．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终止系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.We will make them happy.I’ll have my bike repaired.2）．主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.6．定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
He is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend.7. 状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或者句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋谓语(不及物动词vi)She came．My head aches.2.主语＋谓语（及物动词vt）＋宾语She likes English.3. 主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．4. 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．5. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补She makes her mother angry．6. There be 句型There are 60 students in our class.There are 5 people in my family.练习：划分以下句子成分并判断是什么句型。
1. Our school is not far from my home.2. All of us considered him honest.3. My grandfather bought me a new computer.4. I feel better now.5. Tees turn green when spring comes.6. They pushed the door open.7. He will come here tomorrow.8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.9. He asked us to sing an English song.10. We will make our school more beautiful.11. The food goes bad now.12. He seems sad.13. My brothers are doctors.14. They don’t know what to say.15. You should study hard.16. There are many things to do.语法填空解题技巧1．纯空格试题(无括号提示)(1)缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)；(2)名词前面，若没有限定词，一般填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some, any, other, another等限定词；(3)在句子不缺主语、宾语或表语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词；(4)若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词；(5)若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；(6)若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)；(7)在冠词后，一定是名词或one(s), other(s)等代词。
2. 给出了动词的试题，（1）看有没有固定搭配、位于介词之后、词性转换等。
（2）判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
a. 若句中没有别的谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词；b. 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。
若是谓动词，就要考虑时态语态；是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式.3. 词类转换题，根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式：(1)作表语、定语或补语，用形容词形式；(2)作主语或宾语，用名词形式；(3)冠词或形容词性物主代词后，用名词形式；(4)作状语，用副词形式。
4. 词义转换题，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。
一、代词(语法填空中缺乏主语或宾语时，填代词)人称代词，物主代词，反身代词练习：（一）1. Your clothes are on the desk.Please put _________ away.2. _________ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _.3. _________ can't get my kite.Could you help _________?4. Tom can't get down from the tree. Can you help _________?5. Her kite is broken. Can you mend(修理) ?6. We can't find our bikes. Can you help ？7. These are your books，Kate. Put __________ in the desk，please.8. They want a football. Give __________ the green one，please.9._____ is a boy. _____ name is Mike. Mike's friends like _____ very much.10. My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy.11.John and I are in the same school. ________go to school together.12. She is a friend of ________ . We knew each other two years ago.13. I have many friends. Some of ________are good at English.14. We can’t find our shoes. Can you help ___________?15. We enjoyed at the party last night.16. You should relax sometimes.（二）1、At last he carried to the bank. She was saved!2、…I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax_________.3、The little boy pulled__________ right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it.4、the driver did best to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were self-funded students.6. We should choose those people with a good character as friends…7、In short, if you make preparations before hand and takeprecautions(预防措施) during the fire, chances are that ______ will survive in case of a fire if it really breaks out some day.8、Cultural relics are a part of history, and represent people’s cultural treasures. Therefore, it is important for us to protect ______.初中英语词汇分类1.旅游和交通:动词：leave离开，arrive 到达，get to 到达，get on 上车，get off 下车，fly 飞行，drive开车carry携带，搬运；stay停留；暂住；逗留；呆，visit参观；访问walk 走路，散步，cost 花费，spend 花费，度过take (photos) 拍照，live居住，go shopping购物，buy 买eat (breakfast/ lunch/ dinner) 吃早、午，晚餐sleep 睡觉wake up 醒来名词：journey 旅行,旅程，travel（长途）旅行, trip旅行；行程visitor 参观者；访问者flight航班way道路；路线, license执照；许可证map地图capital 首都center中心，中央city 城市countryside乡下；农村palace宫殿east东；东方（的）north北；北方（的）south南；南方（的）west西；西方（的）front前部；前面middle中间；当中boat 小船bus公共汽车car小汽车train火车plane飞机ship船；轮船spaceship太空船taxi出租车truck卡车underground地铁meter米；公尺kilometer公里；千米driver 司机，passenger乘客；旅客,safety安全speed速度, accident 事故；意外的事,形容词：comfortable舒适的tired 累的nice令人愉快的；美好的happy 高兴的sad 伤心的excited 激动的，兴奋的dangerous危险的far远的fast快的；迅速的heavy重的long（指距离）长；远；（指时间）长wide宽阔的opposite相反的；对面的left左边right右；右边的；正确的straight直的；一直的whole整个的---wholly adv.。