The Summary of The Features of Academic Writing-学术英语写作
英语学术写作智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下重庆大学
英语学术写作智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下重庆大学重庆大学第一章测试1.The English college students use to study their specialization is （）.答案:English for Specific Academic Purposes2.Which of the following is one of the features of academic English？（）答案:Technical terms3.Most of the research articles published on academic periodicals are of （）.答案:written expert genres4.Which type of report follows IMRD structure? （）答案:Genre-based report5.In IMRD structure, “D” stands for （）.答案:discussion第二章测试1.Please choose the best way to make the given sentence written by studentcorrect, more concise and formal: People tried to develop economy andignore the restraints of the natural environment. （）答案:People tried to develop economy and ignored the restraints of thenatural environment.2.Please choose the best way to make the given sentence written by studentcorrect, more concise and formal: It is apparently that ignorance of humanscause their own afflictions. （）答案:It is apparent that ignorance of humans has caused their own afflictions.3.Please choose the best way to make the given sentence written by studentcorrect, more concise and formal: There are many problems wait for peopleto solve and theses problems are tough. （）答案:Many tough problems are waiting for people to solve.4.Please choose the best way to make the given sentence written by studentcorrect, more concise and formal: The Internet has instead of teachers inmany classrooms. （）答案:The Internet has replaced teachers in many classrooms.5.Please choose the best way to make the given sentence written by studentcorrect, more concise and formal: Computer is conveniently, save us time, bring about entertainment, we can play games and watch movies, andconnect people in the distance. （）答案:Computer is convenient, saving us time, entertaining us with movies and games, and connecting us with people in the distance.第三章测试1.One of the characteristics of a good title is （）.答案:Researchable2.We can find In-depth information in （）.答案:research articles3.When you evaluate the sources, you need to take（） into consideration.答案:All of the above4.In a decimal outline, ideas are organized by （）.答案:Arabic number5.When drawing an outline，you need to make the main idea in each bodyparagraph （） the thesis statement.答案:logically connected with第四章测试1.In exposition, the writer often focuses on （）.答案:giving information2.In the process exposition, writers do not have to give a thesis statement. （）答案:对3.Feasibility report belongs to（） essay.答案:problem and solution4.Which of the following is true of a good argument? （）答案:A good argument is a claim that is justified.5.Academic writing tends to avoid words like “all”, “every”, “always”and neverbecause （）.答案:These words suggest absolutes第五章测试1.How does a good thesis statement help?（）答案:It gives the reader an idea what to expect.;It establishes a boundaryaround the subject;It charts an orderly course from the paper.;Itprevents the author from wandering aimlessly.2.What can be used as evidence to support the topic sentence? （）答案:Factual information;Statistics;tables;Words from authorities3.Evidence can speak for itself. （）答案:错4.Which of the following word do academic writers tend to avoid using （）.答案:In any case5.What can a writer do in conclusion?（）答案:To summarize the main points.第六章测试1.To guarantee unity, a writer needs make sure the supporting details in abody paragraph should relate back to the main idea presented by the （）.答案:topic sentence2.Coherence means “sticking （）”.答案:together3. A writer needs to repeat the key nouns to maintain coherence when （）.答案:the meaning of key nouns are diminishing.4.Overusing transitional words and phrases could make your writing （）.答案:redundant5.Theme is the（） element of a clause and it establishes what you are talkingabout.答案:first第七章测试1.Which of the following documentation styles is not usually used in the UnitedStates? （）答案:Harvard2.In the APA, all lines after the first line of each entry must be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called a(n) （） indentation.答案:Hanging3.In the MLA, when must we use block quotations? （）答案:Four lines of prose or three lines of verse4.For a direct quotation in the APA, they must always require a(n) （）_.答案:Page number5._____ is usually used cite sources in the humanities, including the fields ofliterature and foreign languages; _____ is usually used to cite sources in thesocial sciences. （）答案:MLA; APA第八章测试1.Plagiarism could occur in which of the following types of sources and media?（）答案:All of the above2.（） involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including onlythe main point(s), and are significantly shorter than the original and take abroad overview of the source material.答案:Summarizing3.（） involves putting a passage from source material into your own words,and takes a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing itslightly.答案:Paraphrasing4.Which of the following is NOT a stated reason for why we shouldparaphrase/summarize from sources? （）答案:To show that you deserve a good grade for your work5.In （）, the author of the source referred to is only acknowledged throughthe reference not in the running text.答案:Non-integral第九章测试1.Choose the best answer to make the following sentence accurate andacademic: Some people believe teamwork is efficient, but the professor （）it is not always true.答案:argues2.Which of the following sentence is more academic? （）答案:It is of importance to improve the environmental awareness.3.Which of the following multi-word phrases indicates the stance of the writer?（）答案:As far as I am concerned4.Which of the following words sounds more academic? （）答案:Much5.Which of the following sounds more like a technical term? （）答案:Currency第十章测试cation is a soft-pure discipline. （）答案:错2.Register is about the social context in which a discourse appears. （）答案:对3.Contractions should be avoided in any writing but acceptable in spokenEnglish. （）答案:错4.Nominalization is one of the characteristics of the academic writing, but itmay cause （）答案:对5.Hedging indicates that we should be cautious in speaking and writingespecially when we propose something new or draws a conclusion. （）答案:对第十一章测试1.An abstract is a broad and comprehensive summary of the contents of thearticle. （）答案:错2. A well-prepared abstract can be the most important single paragraph in anarticle. （）答案:对3.The abstract needs to be loose with information. （）答案:错4.Abstract should include （）答案:The main points of the research;Key discoveries;Backgroundinformation or main problem;Conclusion or suggestion for future action5. A well-prepared abstract can be （）答案:coherent and readable;accurate;non-evaluative;concise。
academic english特征
academic english特征Academic English: Key FeaturesAcademic English is a unique form of English used in educational settings, particularly in universities and research institutions. It is characterized by specific features that distinguish it from other forms of English. In this article, we will explore the key features of academic English.1. Formality: Academic English maintains a formal tone throughout the writing or speaking. It avoids colloquial expressions, slang, and contractions commonly used in everyday conversations. The language tends to be precise, concise, and straightforward, focusing on conveying information accurately and objectively.2. Objective stance: Academic English emphasizes an objective and impartial stance. It avoids personal opinions, emotions, or biases. The language used is neutral and relies on evidence, facts, and logical reasoning to support claims. It should be based on rigorous research and analysis.3. Complexity: Academic English exhibits a higher level of linguistic complexity compared to everyday language. It employs advanced vocabulary, technical terms, and discipline-specific jargon to accurately convey complex concepts and ideas. Sentence structures tend to be more complex, including the use of subordinate clauses, passive voice, and nominalization.4. Citations and references: Academic English places great importance on acknowledging and crediting the work of others. It requires the use of proper citations and references to provide evidence and support for claims. Accurate referencing is essential to maintain academic integrity and avoid plagiarism.5. Logical organization: Academic writing follows a clear and logical structure. It typically begins with an introduction, followed by a body of paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, and concludes with a concise summary or conclusion. Each paragraph focuses on a specific point and is supported by evidence and examples.6. Precision and clarity: Academic English strives for precision and clarity in communication. It aims to convey complex information in a clear and coherent manner. Ambiguity and vagueness are avoided, and concepts are defined explicitly. Avoiding unnecessary jargon and providing explanations for technical terms ensure that the content is understandable to a wider academic audience.7. Rigorous referencing style: Academic English adopts specific referencing styles like APA, MLA, or Chicago style. These referencing styles govern the format and citation guidelines for academic writing, ensuring consistency, credibility, and easy verification of sources.In conclusion, academic English possesses distinct features that set it apart from other forms of English. Its formal tone, objective stance, complexity, proper referencing, logical organization, precision, and rigorous adherence to referencing styles make it a vital tool for academic communication. By honing these skills, students and researchers can effectively contribute to the academic community and advance knowledge in their respective fields.。
Features of Academic Writing (1)
7. For all intents and purposes, American industrial productivity generally depends on certain factors that are really more psychological in kind than of any given technological aspect. (26 words)
American industrial productivity depends more on psychological than on technological factors. (11 words) 8. Before the travel agent was completely able to finish explaining the various differences among all of the many very unique vacation packages his travel agency was offering, the customer changed her future plans. (33 words) Before the travel agent finished explaining the differences among the unique vacation packages his travel agency was offering, the customer changed her plans. (23 words)
1. are maintained
2. tropical forests are defined 3. the Disease Regulations were passed 4. A range of rival theories are considered next. 5. The subject is required
academic writing rules
Why is the following text not a good example of academic style?
Today being fat is totally bad for your health. About 30,000 fat people die every year in the UK and lots more fat people die in the USA. By 2015 more people will die of being fat than smoking and it doesn’t have to be this way, this could easily be prevented, couldn't it?
How is it done?
Aim for precision. Don’t use unnecessary words or waffle. Get straight to the point. Make every word count. If there is any uncertainty about a particular point, use cautious language (such as ‘may’, ‘might’, ‘could’, ‘potentially’). Unless you are a confident writer, it is best to avoid over-long sentences and to aim for a mixture of long and short sentences for variation and rhythm. Avoid repeating the same words
文体学学术写作
In one word it refers to variety used in research papers, dissertations, scholarlistic books and so on ，shares many characteristics with the variety for science and technology.
half of the groupapproximately 53% of the group
2.4 Precision
Example
• The lack of hedges in the Introduction and the Materials and Methods sections may partly be due to the fact that in the Chinese language it is impossible to form the passive voice on transitive verbs, whereas 80% of the hedges in corresponding sections in English were in the passive voice.
2.1 Complexity
E.g. This information enables us to formulate precise questions. We could write This information enables us the formulation of precise question. (nominalization)
2.1 Complexity
• E.g. Like all other forms of life, we human beings are the product of how we have evolved. Like all other forms of life, we human beings are the product of evolution.( noun-based phrase)
Features of academic writing
• Noun-based phrases (P57 Ex p60), Subordinate clauses/embedding, Complement ( 补 充 ， 补 足 ) clauses, Sequences of prepositional phrases, Participles, Passive verbs, Lexical density (词汇密度 ), Lexical complexity, Nominalization, Attributive adjectives • Halliday (1989, p.79) compares a sentence from a spoken text:
2. Formality
• Academic writing is relatively formal. In general this means that in an essay you should avoid colloquial words and expressions. • a. colloquial words and expressions: "stuff", "a lot of", "thing", "sort of", • b. abbreviated forms: "can't", "doesn't", "shouldn't" • c. two word verbs: "put off", "bring up"
Identify the informal expressions in the following sentences.
同等学力考试英语作文
同等学力考试英语作文篇 1Oh, dear friends! Have you ever thought about the significance of the Equivalent Academic Qualification Examination? It is truly a remarkable stepping stone in our personal development! Imagine this: by passing this exam, one can unlock numerous opportunities for career advancement. Just think of those who were once overlooked but gained prominent positions in their fields after achieving success in this examination. Isn't that inspiring? Moreover, it enables us to broaden the scope of academic research. We can delve deeper into various domains, exploring uncharted territories and making significant contributions. Don't you agree that this opens up a world of possibilities? It's not merely an exam; it's a gateway to a brighter future, a path that leads to self-actualization and professional fulfillment. So, let's strive hard and embrace the challenges it brings, for it holds the key to our dreams and aspirations!篇 2Equal Academic Qualification Examination is no doubt a challenging pursuit! It demands not only a profound knowledge base but also excellent comprehension and application skills. The difficulty lies in its wide range of topics and the high requirements for logical thinking. When I was preparing for it, I struggled with time management. How to balance the study of various subjects within the limited time was a big problem for me. However, through continuous practice and adjustment of my study plan, I gradually found the right rhythm. I also learned from others' successful experiences. Some people emphasized the importance of thorough understanding of key concepts, while others suggested making summary notes for frequent review. To sum up, facing the Equal Academic Qualification Examination, weneed to have a clear goal, a reasonable plan, and unwavering perseverance. Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and achieve success!篇 3Equal academic ability examinations and traditional academic education have both differences and complementarities. Take the job market for instance. Those with traditional degrees often have an edge initially, as employers might view them as having a more systematic and comprehensive education. However, individuals who pass equal academic ability examinations show their determination and self-discipline, which can also be highly valued in certain fields. In terms of knowledge construction, traditional education offers a structured and sequential learning path. But the process of preparing for equal academic ability exams forces one to be self-driven and explore knowledge in a more independent way. Isn't it interesting how these two paths have their own unique features? Don't you think both can contribute to the growth and development of an individual in different ways? The key lies in how we make the most of the opportunities they present.篇 4Equal academic ability examinations play a vital role in the selection of social talents! How important they are! These examinations provide a fair opportunity for those who may not have acquired a traditional degree but possess equivalent knowledge and skills. Take the technology industry for example. Many innovative ideas and breakthroughs have come from individuals who entered the field through equal academic ability examinations. Their unique perspectives and practical experiences have brought fresh impetus to the development of the industry. Moreover, in today's highly competitive business world, enterprises are increasingly recognizing the value of such talents. They no longer solely focus on academic qualifications but also appreciate the practical abilities and potential shown in equalacademic ability tests. Isn't it wonderful that these examinations open up more possibilities for talent selection and promote the diverse and dynamic development of various industries? Truly, they are a significant force in shaping a prosperous and progressive society!篇 5Equal academic ability examination is of great significance from the perspective of educational equity! How can we ignore its positive impact? It provides an upward path for those in regions with relatively scarce educational resources. For instance, individuals who have not had access to top-notch educational facilities can still showcase their knowledge and abilities through this examination. Isn't this a remarkable opportunity for them to pursue better education and career development? Moreover, it promotes social mobility and fair competition. It allows people from diverse backgrounds to have an equal chance to succeed based on their efforts and talents. Doesn't this create a more just and dynamic society? We should fully recognize and support the existence and development of this examination, as it is a powerful tool for achieving educational fairness and social progress. How can we not value and cherish such a beneficial system?。
Features of academic writing-simplified
Noun-based phrases
Many futile attempts have been made to teach animals to speak how humans speak. Many futile attempts have been made to teach animals to speak in human fashion.
Spoken and written
The people in the colony rejoiced when it was promised that things would change in this way. Opinion in the colony greeted the promised change with enthusiasm.
It is essential to discuss how much cultural and biological evolution can be explained by similar principles. It is essential to discuss the extent to which cultural and biological evolution can be explained by similar principles.
Spoken and written
Because the jobs are even more complex, programmes to train people will take longer." The increased complexity of tasks will lead to the extension of the duration of training programmes.
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Complexity
it is not strange that(that-clause)
unknown(prefix word formation) emerging(present participle)
caused(past participle)
noted controlling
There are so numerous unique features in academic writing that your thinking ability、critical thoughts can be revealed perfectly and your views can be clarified explicitly.
unknown(prefix word formation)
Complexity
it is not strange that(that-clause)
unknown(prefix word formation) emerging(present participle)
caused(past participle)
Academic descriptio
n ?
Phrasal transformati
on ?
Enlighten
could(certain modal verb) actively continuously(specifi c adverbs)
Hedging
it is expected that(that-clause)
could(certain modal verb) actively continuously(specific adverbs) apply steering to(by steering—phrasal transformation)
Objectivity Explicitness
Objectivity
natural and social phenomena
Observation, experiment, description, analysis and discussion Avoid personal emotion and subjective assumption
2
Objectivi ty
The style of academic writing whose prime purpose is to convey the gist of scientific research precisely is quite different from that in daily life;
Four Features
Complexity
Explicitnes s
Objectivity Hedging
Complexi ty
Complexity
Complexity
it is not strange that(that-clause)
Complexity
it is not strange that(that-clause)
Objectivity
data symbol chart table
colloquial expressions are forbidden
The first and the second person are avoided the passive voice
Informal abbreviations are not used
Neutral and impersonal words
Explicitness
Use of conjunctions Cite the results of others
Explicitness
Moreover
However
Logical conjunctions
• Undertake relationship
Hedging
Hedging
It may be that(thatclause)
Provided that(Hypothesis) can be(certain modal verbs)
should
Hedging
It may be that(thatclause)
(academic description) Provided that(Hypothesis) can be(certain modal verbs)
• ion
• Comparison • Stress
• Results and reasons
• Explanation
• Purpose
• Summary
cite the results of others indicate the source
Keep in mind !
Hedging
Hedging
personal views conclusions suggestions
Hedgin g
Hedging
it is expected that(thatclause)
could(certain modal verb)
Hedging
it is expected that(thatclause)