Protective effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, citalopram and clomipramine, against hippoca
保护环境的英语作文考研
保护环境的英语作文考研In today's world, the environment is under constant threatfrom various human activities. It is imperative that we take proactive steps to protect it, as it is the foundation of our existence and the key to a sustainable future. Here are some ways we can contribute to environmental conservation:1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: The three R's are the cornerstoneof environmental protection. By reducing waste, reusing items, and recycling materials, we can significantly decrease the amount of garbage that ends up in landfills.2. Conserve Energy: Energy conservation is crucial for reducing our carbon footprint. Simple actions like turningoff lights when not in use, using energy-efficient appliances, and insulating homes can make a big difference.3. Support Renewable Energy: Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Supporting policies andinitiatives that promote renewable energy can help combat climate change.4. Plant Trees: Trees are vital for absorbing carbon dioxide and providing oxygen. Planting trees and preserving existing forests can help combat deforestation and air pollution.5. Promote Biodiversity: Biodiversity is essential for ahealthy ecosystem. Supporting conservation efforts andavoiding the use of harmful chemicals can help preserve the variety of life on Earth.6. Educate and Advocate: Knowledge is power. Educating ourselves and others about the importance of environmental protection and advocating for policies that support it canlead to collective action.7. Sustainable Consumption: Making conscious choices aboutthe products we buy can have a significant impact. Choosing products with less packaging, supporting local businesses,and opting for organic produce can all contribute to a healthier environment.8. Green Transportation: Using public transportation, cycling, walking, or carpooling can reduce the number of vehicles onthe road, thus reducing emissions.9. Water Conservation: Water is a precious resource. Simple steps like fixing leaks, using water-saving appliances, and being mindful of water usage can help conserve this vital resource.10. Community Involvement: Participating in community clean-ups, tree planting events, and other environmentalinitiatives can foster a sense of responsibility andcollective action.In conclusion, protecting the environment is not just a responsibility but a collective duty. Each individual'sactions, when multiplied by millions, can lead to a significant positive impact on our planet. Let's work together to ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.。
组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古霉素A对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤...
·脓毒症·组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古霉素A对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用陈隆望 罗欢 郑来赞 支绍册 赵光举 洪广亮 卢中秋 邱俏檬【摘要】目的探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古霉素A（trichostatin A，TSA）对脓毒症急性肺损伤的保护作用。
方法建立盲肠结扎穿孔 (cecal ligation and puncture，CLP ) 诱导的脓毒症小鼠模型。
取90只清洁级雄性BALB/c小鼠，按随机数字表法分为假手术组（Sham组）、脓毒症组（CLP组）、脓毒症+DMSO（二甲基亚砜）组（DMSO组）、脓毒症+TSA(1 mg组)、脓毒症+TSA(5 mg组)、脓毒症+TSA(10 mg组)，每组15 只小鼠。
TSA组在CLP术前12 h进行腹腔注射TSA（1，5，10 mg/kg）。
假手术组仅行开腹，不予以结扎穿孔。
术后24 h 收集标本，酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中（bronchial alveolar lavage fluid，BALF）肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平；留取肺组织，测定肺组织湿/干比（W/D）；苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察肺组织病理学改变；TUNEL法检测肺组织细胞凋亡，蛋白免疫印迹法（Westernblot）检测肺组织凋亡蛋白的表达。
另外120只小鼠用于观察各组小鼠生存率。
采用SPSS 23.0 统计软件，两组样本比较采用独立样本t 检验，多组间比较采用单因素方差分析检验。
小鼠生存率采用Log-rank检验进行单因素分析。
结果与假手术组相比， CLP组W/D（P=0.021）、TNF-α（P=0.0001）、IL-1β（P=0.000 6）、病理评分（P=0.001 6）、肺组织凋亡指数（P=0.000 9）、凋亡蛋白（P<0.05）明显升高，而小鼠生存率下降（P=0.000 1）。
与DMSO组相比，TSA干预组W/D、TNF-α、IL-1β、病理评分、肺组织凋亡指数、凋亡蛋白明显下降（P<0.05），TSA 10 mg干预组生存率明显升高（P=0.007 2）。
The Importance of Environmental Protection
The Importance of EnvironmentalProtectionEnvironmental protection is a crucial aspect of our lives that we often takefor granted. The environment is the foundation of all life on earth, and it is our responsibility to ensure that it is protected and preserved for future generations. The importance of environmental protection cannot be overstated, and it isessential that we all work together to ensure that our planet remains healthy and sustainable. One of the primary reasons why environmental protection is so important is that it directly impacts our health and well-being. The air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat are all dependent on a healthy environment. If we do not take care of our environment, we risk exposing ourselves to harmful pollutants and toxins that can cause serious health problems. This is particularly true for vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions. Another reason why environmental protection is important is that it is essential for the preservation of biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms that exist on earth, and it is crucial for maintaining the balance of ecosystems. When wedestroy habitats and pollute the environment, we put many species at risk of extinction. This can have far-reaching consequences, as the loss of even one species can have a ripple effect throughout the entire ecosystem. Environmental protection is also important for economic reasons. Many industries rely on natural resources, such as timber, water, and minerals, to produce goods and services. If we do not protect these resources, we risk depleting them, which can have a negative impact on the economy. Additionally, environmental degradation can leadto increased healthcare costs and decreased productivity, which can also have a negative impact on the economy. From a moral standpoint, environmental protection is the right thing to do. We have a responsibility to protect the environment for future generations, and to ensure that they have access to the same resources and opportunities that we have. By taking care of the environment, we are also taking care of our fellow human beings, as well as the many other species that share our planet. Finally, environmental protection is important because it is a globalissue that requires a global solution. Climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction are all problems that affect people and ecosystems all over the world. In order to effectively address these issues, we need to work together as a global community. This requires cooperation, collaboration, and a willingness to put the needs of the planet above our own individual interests. In conclusion, environmental protection is a critical issue that affects us all. It impacts our health, our economy, our biodiversity, our morality, and our global community. We must all take responsibility for protecting the environment, and work together to create a sustainable future for ourselves and future generations. By doing so, we can ensure that our planet remains healthy and vibrant, and that we leave a positive legacy for those who come after us.。
大学英语四级作文真题 保护环境
The Urgency of Environmental ProtectionIn the fast-paced modern world, the importance of environmental protection has become increasingly apparent. The devastating effects of climate change, pollution, and resource depletion are now felt across the globe, serving as stark reminders of our responsibility towards sustainable development. The issue is not just limited to remote corners of the world; it is a pressing concern that affects every individual, community, and nation.The foundation of environmental protection lies in education and awareness. It is crucial to raise awareness among the masses about the negative impacts of unsustainable practices. For instance, the excessive use of plastic has led to a significant accumulation of non-biodegradable waste, posing a threat to marine life and terrestrial ecosystems. Similarly, deforestation and industrialization have taken a heavy toll on the natural world, leading to soil erosion, climate irregularities, and a decline in biodiversity.To address these challenges, we must adopt sustainable practices in our daily lives. Simple changes like reducingthe use of plastic, conserving water, and using public transport can make a significant difference. Furthermore, governments and international organizations need to implement policies and regulations that promote environmental protection. For instance, investing in renewable energy sources, promoting green technologies, and implementing strict pollution control measures are crucial steps towards achieving a sustainable future.The role of individuals cannot be overstated in this effort. Every individual has the power to make a difference. By making informed choices and adopting sustainable practices, we can contribute to the protection of our planet. For instance, we can choose to buy products made from recycled materials, support companies that prioritize environmental sustainability, and reduce our carbonfootprint by walking or cycling instead of driving.In conclusion, environmental protection is a shared responsibility that requires concerted efforts from individuals, communities, and governments. The time to actis now. We must come together to protect our planet andensure a sustainable future for ourselves and the generations that follow.**环境保护的紧迫性**在快速发展的现代世界中，环境保护的重要性变得越来越明显。
保护臭氧英文作文
保护臭氧英文作文英文：Ozone is a vital component of the Earth's atmosphere, protecting us from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. However, it is also a fragile molecule that can easily be destroyed by pollutants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other chemicals. Therefore, it is important to take action to protect the ozone layer.One way to protect the ozone layer is to reduce our use of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances. For example, we can use alternative refrigerants in air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and switch to non-aerosol products. Additionally, we can support policies and regulations that restrict the production and use of these harmful substances.Another way to protect the ozone layer is to educate others about its importance and the dangers of ozone depletion. By raising awareness, we can encourageindividuals and businesses to take action to reduce their impact on the ozone layer.In conclusion, protecting the ozone layer is crucialfor the health and well-being of our planet. By taking action to reduce our use of ozone-depleting substances and raising awareness about the importance of the ozone layer, we can ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.中文：臭氧是地球大气层的重要组成部分，可以保护我们免受来自太阳的有害紫外线辐射。
雅思满分作文：环境的重要性与保护
雅思满分作文：环境的重要性与保护In the modern era, the environment has become a subject of global concern, and its protection has emerged as a pressing issue. This essay will delve into the significance of environmental protection, highlighting its benefits for both the natural world and human society.Firstly, the environment is the foundation of all life on Earth. It provides us with the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the soil that nourishes our crops. The delicate balance of nature ensures the survival of millions of species, including our own. However, human activities have disrupted this balance, leading to climate change, deforestation, and the extinction of many species. Therefore, it is essential to protect the environment to preserve the biodiversity and natural resources that sustain our planet.Secondly, environmental protection is crucial for human health and well-being. Air pollution, water contamination, and soil degradation can have devastating effects on human health, including respiratory diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. By protecting the environment, we are also safeguarding the health of our communities and future generations.Moreover, environmental protection is essential for sustainable development. A healthy environment is a prerequisite for economic growth and social progress. Resources such as clean water, fertile soil, and diverse ecosystems are crucial for agriculture, industry, and tourism. However, unsustainable practices have depleted these resources, threatening our ability to meet the needs of a growing population. By protecting the environment, we can ensure the availability of these resources for future generations and promote sustainable development.In addition, environmental protection is a moral responsibility. As stewards of the Earth, we have a duty to preserve its natural beauty and diversity for all life forms. By respecting and caring for the environment, we are demonstrating our commitment to justice, fairness, and sustainability.To conclude, environmental protection is essential for the survival of our planet and the well-being of human society. By protecting the environment, we are preserving the biodiversity and natural resources that sustain our planet, safeguarding human health, promoting sustainable development, and fulfilling our moral responsibility as stewards of the Earth. It is, therefore, a responsibility that we must all take seriously and act upon with urgency.。
守护自然之息的英语作文
Nature is the cradle of human civilization and the source of our existence.It is our responsibility to protect the natural environment and maintain the delicate balance of the ecosystem.Here is an essay on safeguarding the breath of nature.Title:The Guardianship of Natures BreathIn the symphony of life,the breath of nature is the most harmonious melody.It is a testament to the vitality and diversity that sustain our world.As inhabitants of this planet, it is our duty to act as vigilant guardians of this precious resource.The Importance of Natures BreathThe breath of nature is not merely a poetic metaphor it represents the lifesustaining processes that occur within ecosystems.It encompasses the cycle of air,water,and nutrients that support all living organisms.Without this breath,life as we know it would cease to exist.Threats to Natures BreathHuman activities have introduced numerous threats to the natural world.Deforestation, pollution,and climate change are but a few examples of how our actions have disrupted the balance of nature.These threats have led to the loss of biodiversity,the degradation of habitats,and the alteration of climate patterns.Our Role as GuardiansAs guardians of natures breath,we must take proactive steps to preserve and restore the environment.This involves:1.Promoting Sustainable Practices:Encouraging the use of renewable resources and reducing our carbon footprint can help mitigate the effects of climate change.2.Protecting Biodiversity:By establishing protected areas and promoting conservation efforts,we can safeguard the variety of species that contribute to the health of ecosystems.cating the Public:Raising awareness about the importance of nature and the consequences of our actions is crucial for inspiring change.4.Supporting Scientific Research:Understanding the intricacies of natural systems allows us to make informed decisions about how to best protect them.5.Legislating for the Environment:Implementing and enforcing laws that protect natural resources and penalize harmful practices is essential.The Future of Natures BreathThe future of natures breath is in our hands.By taking collective action,we can ensure that the air remains fresh,the waters clean,and the earth fertile.It is a future where human progress and environmental preservation go hand in hand,creating a legacy of harmony between people and the planet.ConclusionIn conclusion,the breath of nature is a delicate and vital force that requires our utmost care and attention.As guardians,we must rise to the challenge of protecting this force for the sake of our own survival and the wellbeing of countless other species.Let us act now, with wisdom and determination,to safeguard the breath of nature for generations to come.。
环保行动之诗的英语作文
Environmental protection is a topic of paramount importance in todays world.It is a collective responsibility that each individual must shoulder.Here is a poem in English that captures the essence of environmental action:In the realm of blue and green,Where the Earths breath is serene,Lies a duty,a silent plea,For the guardianship of our spree.The rivers once sang with glee,Now they weep in monotony,The forests that stood tall and free,Now gasp for air,silently.We,the dwellers of this sphere,Must rise and show we care,For the Earth that gave us birth,Is now gasping for its mirth.Let us not squander our time,In the pursuit of selfish climb,For the Earth,our mother dear,Needs our love,our sincere.Plant a tree,save a stream,Recycle,reduce,a dream,Conserve energy,a simple creed,For the Earth,lets all heed.The air we breathe,the water we drink,Are gifts that we must not think,To squander or to waste,For future generations,lets make haste.Lets march to the beat of change,With ecofriendly hearts well arrange,A world where harmony reigns,And natures beauty,forever remains.So let us write with our actions,A poem of love and salvations,For the Earth,our only home,Where we all must roam.In unity,well stand tall,Protecting our planet,one and all,For the future we hold in our hands,Is the legacy of our lands.So heed the call of the wild,And let your actions be mild,For the Earth,our precious gem, Deserves a life thats not dim.In this poem,weve sown the seed,Of an action thats ecofriendly indeed, May it bloom in every heart,And turn our world into a work of art.Lets not wait for another day,To act for the Earth in every way,For the time is now,the moments right, To save our home,our precious sight.In the end,well look back and see,The poem of our actions,a true decree, That we did our part,we took the stand, For the Earth,our home,our promised land.。
关于环境保护的英文短篇文章
Conserving water re…
Improving air and water quality
要点一
Reducing air pollution
要点二
Controlling water pollution
We can help to control water pollution by properly disposing of garbage, treating waste water, and reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
Accessible recreation
04
Comparing Environmental
Protection Policies
US and China environmental protection policies comparison
US
China
Developed and developing countries’ environmental protection comparison
Recycling
Recycling paper, plastic, glass, and other materials to conserve natural resources and reduce the need for landfills and incinerators.
Protecting and restoring ecosystems
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Carbon dioxide reduction
Methane reduction
森林防灭火英语作文350
森林防灭火英语作文350Forest Fire Prevention and Suppression: A Comprehensive Approach.Forests, the emerald lungs of our planet, provide an indispensable array of ecological services, including air purification, water filtration, climate regulation, and habitat for an abundance of biodiversity. However, these invaluable ecosystems are imperiled by the ever-looming threat of forest fires, which have the potential to unleash catastrophic consequences upon both human communities and the environment. To effectively mitigate the risks posed by forest fires, a comprehensive approach encompassing prevention, suppression, and post-fire recovery is imperative.Prevention: A Proactive Defense.Forest fire prevention encompasses a multifaceted array of strategies aimed at reducing the likelihood and severityof fires. These include:1. Public Education and Awareness: Raising awareness among the public about responsible behavior in forests is crucial. Educating individuals on the dangers of leaving unattended campfires, discarding cigarettes carelessly, and engaging in other risky activities helps minimize human-caused ignitions.2. Forest Management: Proper forest management practices can significantly reduce fire hazards. Thinning dense vegetation, creating firebreaks, and conducting controlled burns help control fuel loads and limit the spread of fires.3. Land Use Planning: Carefully planning land use can prevent development in high-risk areas. Zoning regulations and building codes should incorporate fire safety considerations to reduce the vulnerability of communities to forest fires.4. Fire Detection and Early Response: Early detectionand rapid response are essential for preventing small fires from escalating into major conflagrations. Installing fire towers, implementing remote sensing technologies, and establishing rapid response teams can significantly improve fire detection and suppression capabilities.Suppression: Combating the Flames.When fires do occur, swift and effective suppression is critical to minimize damage. Suppression efforts typically involve:1. Initial Attack: The initial attack on a fire is crucial in controlling its spread. Firefighters use various techniques, including hand tools, water drops from aircraft, and fire retardants, to extinguish the flames and establish containment lines.2. Fire Line Construction: Fire lines are created to prevent the fire from spreading by removing flammable materials and digging trenches. Firefighters use a combination of hand tools, bulldozers, and other equipmentto construct fire lines.3. Aerial Suppression: Aircraft play a vital role in fire suppression, particularly in remote or inaccessible areas. They drop water or fire retardants on the fire to slow its spread and assist ground crews in containment efforts.Post-Fire Recovery: Restoring the Landscape.Following a forest fire, prompt and comprehensive recovery efforts are essential to promote ecosystem resilience and prevent future fires. These efforts include:1. Rehabilitation and Reforestation: Replanting burned areas with native vegetation helps restore the forest ecosystem and prevent erosion. Rehabilitation efforts may also involve revegetating watersheds to protect water quality and restore wildlife habitat.2. Monitoring and Research: Post-fire monitoring helps assess the extent of damage and identify areas most in needof restoration efforts. Research on fire behavior and ecosystem recovery informs future prevention andsuppression strategies.3. Community Engagement and Recovery: Forest fires can have a profound impact on local communities. Engaging residents in recovery efforts promotes community resilience, provides support for affected individuals, and fosters a sense of ownership in the restoration process.Conclusion.Forest fire prevention and suppression is a complex and multifaceted endeavor that requires a comprehensive approach involving prevention, suppression, and post-fire recovery. By implementing these strategies, we can reduce the risk of forest fires, protect human communities and ecosystems, and ensure the long-term health of our forests. Each stakeholder, from government agencies to firefightersto the general public, has a vital role to play in preventing, suppressing, and recovering from forest fires. Through collaboration, innovation, and unwaveringdedication, we can safeguard the invaluable forests that sustain our planet and the future generations that will inherit them.。
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Correspomh,nce, N. Nakata, Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980, Japan. Fax: (81) (22) 272-5818.
48
Brahz Research, 590 (1992) 48-52 ~:~ 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved 0006-8993/92/$05.00
BRES 18044
Protective effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, citalopram and clomipramine, against hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage following transient ischemia in the gerbil
On the other hand, tryptophan, a 5-HT precurser, improves behavioral changes after ischemia in rats ~. In addition Maura et al. reported, using cerebellar slices of rats, that the, Ca" +-dependent release of glutamate is potently inhibited by 5-HT in a concentration-dependent way 2¢'. Therefore, we examined the effects of selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, citalopram and clomipramine, on ischemic neuronal damage as well as on the amount of extraccllular excitatory amino acids using a microdialysis technique in the gerbil hippocampus.
Naoki N a k a t a , H i r o y u k i K a t o a n d Kyuya K o g u r e
Department of Neurology, hastitute of Brain Diseases, Tohoku Unit'ersity School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan)
Neuronal damage to the hippocampal CAI subfield 4 days after 5 rain of ischemia
Drugs were administered i.p. 30 min before ischemic challenge. The values represent means + S.D.
INTRODUCTION Cerebral ischemia induces variable brain damage according to its degree and duration '~. Even a brief period of cerebral ischemia can injure neurons in the brain ~'*. Hippocampal CAI pyramidal neurons are selectively vulnerable to ischemia, and ischemia of 3 or 5 rain duration causes severe neuronal injury in the hippocampal CAI subfield 3'22'24. Ischemia induces various changes in the brain, such as ATP depletion due to deprivation of glucose and oxygen, lactate accumulation and acidosis, an abnormal release of neurotransmitters and calcium influx 3,4,tf'.ts,3t. Particularly, the abnormal release of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate in the vulnerable areas is suggested to play an important role in the ischemic neuronal death 1:,'7. However, the role of serotoniT) in ischemic neuronal damage is not fully understood. Naftidrofuryl, a 5-HT 2 antagonist, is reported to prevent destruction of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells following 5 rain of ischemia in gerbils ~4.
(Accepted 7 April 1992)
Ke.v words: Cerebral ischemia; Serotonin; Citalopram; Clomipramine; Glutamate; Excitatory amino acid; Microdialysis; Gerbil
To clarify the role of serotonin in cerebral ischemia, we examined the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, citalopram and clomipramine, on ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil. Pretreatment with citalopram (4() mg/kg i.p.) and clomipramine (20 mg/kg i.p.) protected against neuronal destruction of hippocampal CAI pyramidal cells following 5 rain of forebrain ischemia. Furthermore, microdialysis assays showed that a striking increase in extracellular excitatory amino acid levels during ischemia was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with citalopram and clomipramine, However, citalopram (4() mg/kg i,p.) did not alter the extracellular amino acid concentrations in normal gerbils, Thus, serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a protective effect against ischemic neuronal damage. Furthermore, the present result suggests that the protective effect is mediated through prevention of tile accumulation of extracellular excitatory amino acids during and after ischemia.
MATERIALS AND M E T H O D S
Animals and drugs Male Mongolian gerbils (Seiwa Experimental Animals, Fukuoka, Japan), aged 9-10 weeks and weighing 60-80 g, were used. They were allowed free access to food and water. Citalopram HCi was provided by Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. CIomipramine ltCI was purchased from RBi (Natick, MA). The drugs were dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline and injected intrapcritoneally (i.p,) 30 min before ischemia, Experiment !, Effects of citalopram and clomipramine on neuronal damage bl the hippocampal CA l subfield following ischemia.
49 The animals were anesthetized with 1.5% halothane in a mixture of 30% oxygen and 70% nitrous oxide. Bilateral common carotid arteries were gently exposed and anesthesia was discontinued. The arteries were occluded with aneurysm clips at the initial sign of recover from anesthesia. Ischemia was induced for 5 min. Body and temporalis muscle temperatures were monitored and maintained at more than 37°C during ischemia and for 30 rain after ischemia using a heating pad with thermostat. Four days after ischemia, the animals were killed and the brains were removed and immersed in 10% formalin solution until they were embedded in paraffin. Morphological changes in the hippocampus were examined using hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. Neuronal damage to the hippocampal CA1 subfield was semiquantitatively graded using a 0-3 rating system with 0: normal, 1: a few neurons damaged, 2: many neurons damaged, and 3: majority of neurons damaged. TABLE I