2008年新托福独立写作北美考题
2008年5月sunday北美sat真题from
2011年5月Sunday --SAT语法部分SECTION 41. Using a technique known as "camera trapping," biologists place cameras in highly remote and ecologically sensitive places ,this is for looking for animals feared to be extinct.(A) places, this is for looking for(B) places, because of looking for(C) places in the looking for of(D) places to look for(E) places, it was to look for2. The Palace of Versailles, which derived much of its spectacular effect from its profusion of mirrors, was built at a time when few people could afford even one glass mirror.(A) was built at a time when(B) were being built at a time when(C) and at the time when it was being built(I)) the time it was built(E) built at a time that3. Though experts agreed that the economy was slowing down, few were believing in the likelihood of a recession.(A) few were believing in the likelihood of a recession(B) few believed that a recession was likely(C) in the likelihood of a recession, few believed(D) the belief was held by few that a recession was likely(E) there were few believing that to have a recession was likely4. The Moon, with a gravity just one-sixth of Earth's, and might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit.(A) Earth's, and might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit(B) Earth's, might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit(C) Earth's, even though it might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit(D) Earth's might be used for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit, and as a jumping-off point(E) Earth's, which might make it a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit5. The ballet Nutcracker Suite has become so familiar and as a result few can imagine the enchantment audiences felt when Maria Tallchief first danced the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy.(A) and as a result(B) resulting in the fact that(C) and therefore(D) and(E) that6. During the 1920s many Cuban painters who had traveled abroad returned to their homeland to produce paintings that were more angular and stylized than conventional Western painters.(A) conventional Western painters(B) Western painters who were conventional(C) those being by conventional Western painters(D) conventions of Western painting(E) conventional Western paintings7. New Mexico is rich in remarkably well-preserved ruins, such as the multi-storied adobe pueblos to provide visitors with insight into the lives of early inhabitants of the Southwest.(A) pueblos to provide visitors with insight into(B) pueblos, providing visitors with insight for(C) pueblos, they provide for visitors an insight of(D) pueblos that provide visitors with insight into(E) pueblos and provide visitors insight to8. Generating considerable publicity in the summer of 1961, the Freedom Riders wanted to force the federal government take a stand on civil rights while traveling from Washington. DC, to Mississippi.(A) wanted to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights while traveling from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi(B) wanted to force the federal government, while traveling from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi, to take a stand on civil rights(C) was when they traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights(D) traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights(E) traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi, they wanted to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights9. If you were a songwriter in the early twentieth century, one would wait for a paid request, not inspiration, before writing a song for a specific show or movie.(A) one would wait for a paid request, not inspiration,(B) one would have to wait, not for inspiration, but for a paid request(C) you would wait not for inspiration but for a paid request(D) songwriters waited for a paid request, not to be inspired,(E) you were waiting for a paid request and not be inspired10. For many, the game of Scrabble is no mere pastime: highly skilled players participate in tournaments every bit as intense as competing chess masters.(A) competing chess masters(B) those in which chess masters compete(C) when chess masters compete(D) they were when chess masters compete(E) if chess masters were competing •11. Those who have already attended a performance of the play have said that it is at once exhausting because of its length and complexity but its clever plot is still intriguing.(A) but its clever plot is still intriguing(B) although it is still intriguingly clever in its plot(C) however it is intriguing in its clever plot(D) while a clever plot makes it intriguing(E) and intriguing because of its clever plot12. After peeking (A) through the stage curtains to check(B) the size of the audience, Jen reported to the cast that there was(C) many people present for(D) the opening night performance. No error (E)13. Hiking through(A) the the forest last weekend, the Hollisters discovered a clearing where they find(B) cars and auto parts that had been abandoned(C) far from(D) any road. No error (E)14. Unless(A) the layers of the dermis are(B) seriously damaged, when the skin of an injured fingertip heals, the body reproduces(C) the original fingerprint exact(D). No error (E)15. Much of (A) the success of both Jack Benny and Bob Hope as a master of (B) comic monologues can be attributed to(C) the creative work(D) of their talented joke writers. No error (E)16. The park commission is gaining (A) influence in the past A few years, but it (B) still has (C) to convince many skeptical voters to approve (D) a new county park. No error (E)17. As (A) king of England, Henry VIII eventually assumed an independence (B) in religious matters that was (C) intolerable to Thomas More, who had long been (D) his friend. No error (E)18. Few recordings of (A) Brahms's Alto Rhapsody manages (B) to convey (C) the serenity of (D) Kathleen Ferrier's version. No error (E)19. The first public buildings to have air-conditioning were often (A) movie theaters and restaurants, whose (B) owners tried to attract (C) customers by promising that you would be (D) cooler inside. No error (E)20. When (A) they first appeared in (B) 1864, copies of the African American newspaper New Orleans Tribune was printed(C) in French as well as (D) English. No error (E)21. Although raining (A), everyone who had come (B) to the A premiere of the new film was(C)determined to remain in the long line rather than (D) go home. No error (E)22. The telescope constructed by Galileo, which enabled people to observe the contours of the Moon, demonstrated that (A) lenses could (B) enhance the power of human vision to (C) a previous (D) unimaginable degree. No error (E)23. Marisa became fluent in French only after (A) she had lived in (B) France for a while; she would not have acquired the language as quickly (C) by studying (D) French at home. No error (E)24. Snowmobiles may now (A) be ridden within (B) the previously restricted part of the national park, even without (C) explicit permission for it (D). No error (E)25. Between A.D. 350 and (A) 550, Kolomoki, in what (B) is now Georgia, was one of (C) the largest and most densely (D) populated towns north of pre-Columbian Mexico. No error (E)26. Users of advanced software often think (A) that the initial (B) sections of their support manuals provide (C) them with all the information you (D) will ever need. No error (E)27. Contrasting (A) a résumé, a cover letter allows job applicants to write in (B) a more conversational (C) style and to suggest their (D) possible contributions to a company's success. No error (E)28. On her second attempt of rowing (A) across the Atlantic Ocean on her own (B), Tori Murden accomplished what (C) no citizen of the United States had before (D). No error (E)29. Having (A) methodically examined (B) the building and its entrances, the fire inspector concluded that (C) the owner had complied to (D) all regulations. No error (E)Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.(1) To me, an art museum was never a place I would visit for pleasure. (2) The last time I went to the city museum, it affected me in a way I had never expected. (3) I wandered about aimlessly until I found myself on the European paintings floor. (4) The first painting I noticed, a work by El Greco, amazed me. (5) It did not look at all like the paintings by other artists. (6) This painting is called The Adoration of the Shepherds. (7) It looked like it was painted in this century, not the sixteenth century, and so do the other El Greco paintings in the gallery. (8) What appealed to me most was his use of light, which reminded me of the eerie glow we see in the sky on cloudy days, often during a pause between rain showers. (9) In The Adoration of the Shepherds, for example, El Greco uses light and color in his portrayal of people and celestial beings. (10) The figures seem so natural that you are surprised to sec them in a painting, and by contrasting, the lighting is so surreal that it is obvious that the angels and people are neither ordinary nor real. (11) Although I probably do not understand all of El Greco's symbolism, I like the passion and tragedy in his art.(12) In fact, discovering El Greco changed rm.30. The function of sentence 1 is to(A) establish the point of view that the passage will take(B) provide an important definition(C) present an assumption that the passage contradicts(D) state an argument that the passage develops(E) catch the reader's attention with a humorous statement31. In context, which most improves sentence 2 (reproduced below) ?The last time I went to the city museum, it affected me in a way I had never expected.(A) Add "however," after "museum".(B) Change "it" to "this place".(C) Change "in a way" to "such that".(D) Delete "had".(E) Change "expected" to "anticipated".32. In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced below) ?This painting is called The Adoration of the Shepherds. It looked like it was painted in this century, not the sixteenth century, and so do the other El Greco paintings in the gallery.(A) The paintings of El Greco in the gallery, including The Adoration of the Shepherds, look like they were painted in this century; not the sixteenth century.(B) El Greco's paintings in the gallery, like The Adoration of the Shepherds, which look like they were painted in this century but were really painted in the sixteenth century.(C) Like El Greco's other paintings in the gallery, this painting, The Adoration of the Shepherds, being really painted in the sixteenth century, looked like one painted in this century.(D) Like the other paintings by El Greco in the gallery, this one, The Adoration of the Shepherds, looked as if it had been painted in this century, not the sixteenth century.(E) This painting, The Adoration of the Shepherds, looked as though it was painted in this century, not the sixteenth century; as did the other El Greco paintings in the gallery.33. What is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below) ?The figures seem so natural that you are surprised to see them in a painting by contrasting, the lighting is so surreal that it is obvious that the angels and people are neither ordinary nor real.(A) (as it is)(B) painting, then the contrast with the lighting(C) painting. In contrast, the lighting(D) painting. The lighting, contrasting,(E) painting, a contrast is that the lighting34. In context, which is the best replacement for "like" in sentence 11 (reproduced below) ? Although I probably do not understand all of El Greco 's symbolism, I like the passion and tragedy in his art.(A) ignore(B) appreciate(C) emphasize(D) realize(E) view35. Which of the following sentences would best conclude the essay?(A) I consider El Greco's paintings passionate and tragic but not sad or depressing.(B) Besides the work of El Greco, the paintings of many other European artists are available for museum visitors to enjoy.(C) In its use of color and light, The Adoration of the Shepherds is a painting that is most typical of the artist's style.(D) Paintings had never seemed important to me before, but I now look forward to learning even more about art.(E) You should visit your local art museum, and it might happen to you.SECTION 10IL One of Earth's largest living animals, the sperm whale can be growing to 60 feet long, weigh 60 tons, and swim at speeds of up to 20 miles an hour.(A) the sperm whale can be growing to 60 feet long(B) the sperm whale can grow to 60 feet long(C) the sperm whale that can be grown to 60 feet long(D) growing to 60 feet long as a sperm whale(E) it may grow into a sperm whale 60 feet long2. The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then she learned that she had won the Pulitzer Prize.(A) The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then she learned(B) After being awakened by the ringing telephone, the author learned(C) The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then it was learned by her(D) The telephone rang and awakened the author, she then learned(E) The phone rang, awakening her, then the author learned3. The image on a television screen is made up of hundreds of lines of colored dots and are redrawn many times a second, changing minutely each time.(A) dots and(B) dots and which(C) dots, which(D) dots, with which they(E) dots, they4. In the Kansas-Missouri border conflicts during the Civil War, people who were living beside one another all their lives were suddenly becoming mortal enemies.(A) were living beside one another all their lives were suddenly becoming(B) have lived beside one another all their lives suddenly became(C) are living beside one another all their lives have suddenly become(D) had lived beside one another all their lives suddenly became(E) live beside one another all their lives suddenly became5. During the United Nations' 58th annual assembly, delegates designates the decade from 2005 to 2015 as the Water for Life Decade in order to ensure freshwater supplies in every country.(A) designates the decade from 2005 to 2015 as(B) designating the decade from 2005 to 2015(C) has designated the decade from 2005 to 2015 to be(D) would be designating the decade from 2005 to 2015 isE) designated the decade from 2005 to 2015 as6. Although scientists have long attempted to find a cure for the common cold, they find it difficult to do so because there are so many different viral strains.(A) Although scientists have long attempted to find a cure for the common cold(B) Although attempting as scientists to find a cure for the common cold(C) Scientists, long attempting to find a cure for the common cold(D) Scientists who attempted to find a cure for the common cold, and(E) Scientists for long have attempted to find a cure for the common cold, however7. Unlike land birds, which have landmarks to help guide them in flight, there are no apparent markers for seabirds, which are able to navigate for great distances over open ocean without them.(A) there are no apparent markers for seabirds, which are able to navigate for great distances over open ocean without them(B) seabirds are able to navigate without such markers for great distances over open ocean(C) seabirds, which are able to navigate over open ocean for great distances, where there are apparently no markers(D) without such markers, seabirds are able to navigate for great distances over open ocean(E) over open ocean where there are no apparent markers seabirds nevertheless are able to navigate for great distances8. Unless people are experienced in canoeing, he or she should not travel on uncharted waters.(A) he or she should not travel on uncharted waters(B) one should not travel on uncharted waters(C) they should not travel on uncharted waters(D) we should avoid uncharted waters when traveling(E) uncharted waters should be avoided for traveling9. The director, who has worked as extensively in theater and in film, often juxtaposes intimate scenes and sweeping action in her movies.(A) and in(B) like in(C) as she was(D) as in(E) as10. Not being a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, just protecting one of his most important possessions, his pride.(A) Not being a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel,(B) Not that he was a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, but(C) Neither a stubborn fool nor a dishonorable scoundrel, he was(D) He was not a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, being as he was(E) Him being neither a stubborn fool nor a dishonorable scoundrel, he was11. Genetic engineering of plants, which has both opponents and proponents, may help improve drought tolerance in vegetables, a development that could increase crop yields.(A) a development that could increase crop yields(B) and that could help the increase of crop yields(C) which would help for increasing crop yields(D) helping to increase, with this development, the yields of crops(E) as such a development would help increase the yields of crops12. The article indicates that organized aid is indispensable to maintaining public health when involving a nation that has both a drought and a civil war situation.(A) to maintaining public health when involving a nation that has both a drought and a civil war situation(B) to the maintenance of public health in a nation that is enduring both drought and civil war(C) for the maintaining of public health in the nation in a drought and civil war status(D) while public health maintained in a nation that endures both a drought and a civil war(E) when they are maintaining public health in a nation enduring both drought and civil war13. The programmers have created a video game notable both for offering students a variety of challenges and for providing them a wealth of educational benefits.(A) game notable both for offering students a variety of challenges and for(B) game notable both for offering students a variety of challenges, also for(C) game, it is notable for both offering students a variety of challenges and(D) game notable to offer students both a variety of challenges and(E) game notably offering students both a variety of challenges and14. Unlike early cowboy movies, in which the good and the bad are readily distinguishable, nearly every character in this film is presented as a villain.(A) nearly every character in this film is presented as a villain(B) this film presents nearly every character as a villain(C) this film has nearly every character presented as villains(D) almost every character this film presents is a villain(E) almost every character in this film is presented as villains。
2008年8月21日雅思写作考试预测试题
10. Today's parents spend too little time staying with their children and use television to make their children keep quiet. explain the reason and results by using our relevant experience. 11. You r going to London to take a training course for a month. please write a letter to the local accommodation agency to prepare a flat for u. u should tell him your information, your requirement, when you would arrive.
注意一下国际国内热点话题例如教育，奥运，环保，和平，能源危机，国际合作，社会经济生活，还要注意一下图表题，流程
图。G类小作文为各种书信，大家各准备一篇，大作文常为简单的A类考过的简单题目或者是生活，教育，职业类，和社会公
共系统（例如道路交通、公共场所等等）。
1、Some people claim one only language, such as English, should be used as the unique official language throughout the world. Do you agree or disagree? 2.Some people hold that the development of modern science and technology leads to envi
托福北美机经08.12.5NA(口语参考+独立作文范文)
的开头改到夏季summer。
理由1、秋季一开学，学生很忙schedules will tight，都忙着买书、搬新的宿舍。
理由2、在夏季的orientation，学生们可以提前认识未来的室友roommates。
【学生议论】：女生反对此计划。
理由1、买书搬家都是容易做到的事情manageable thing。
很多学生在夏季summer忙于工作be busy working，而且很多人住得离学校很远，把orientation改期会给他们带来不便，他们可能不会来参加orientation。
理由2、新生们可以meet roommates通过email 或者打电话telephone。
没必要face to face。
a student write a letter to the school, suggesting that school should change the orientation of the new students from fall semester into summer. He has 2 reasons, 1 is that students’ schedules are tight if the orientation is in autumn since they may busy buying books, moving into new dormitory. 2 is that if the orientation is put into summer, then students may have enough time to get know with their future roommates.The woman in the listening passage disagrees with this opinion since 1 buying books and moving to new dormitory are manageable things. Many students will busy working during summer and also many students live far from campus, this may bring them much inconvenience thus they may quit the orientation. 2 is that new students can meet their roommates by email them or just call them, there's no need to have face to face communication.Task 4【课文要点】：research enviry此词有问题，大家仔细听effect，意思是：人们一般做出选择会受到别人的影响。
2008全年雅思写作真题与考试点评
2008Ielts writing2008.1.12写作：TASK 1 是一个柱壮图，写德国、加拿大、英国 65岁老年人在三个不同的年代里人口所占的不同比例的对比TASK 2 有些人说应该让罪犯在监狱里待更长的时间，但是有些人却争论说可能有更好的选择来减少犯罪。
你的观点是什么?DISCUSS BOTH。
2008.1.26作文：Task1地图题，一个城市某区域改建前后区别，是音乐厅和商业中心没有动,原来地上的停车场改建成剧院\餐厅和旅店,停车场转为地下,然后,有个房子被推了,变成了公园,下面还有个地下的设施。
.Task2某些人认为在一些高失业率国家仅仅给大多数人基本教育就可以，不需要发展高等教育，请问你是否同意？并给出你的理由。
2008.2-22写作部分小作文：UK的出生率和死亡率。
曲线图，UK的birth and death rate前半段图是实际数据，后半段图是预测数据大作文：人类是否有权利用动物来满足自身需要的问题（题目：Some people think it is acceptable to use animals for the benefit of the human beings. Some people think it is wrong to exploit animals for the human purposes. What is you opinion?）2008.3.1写作：Task1: the chart gives information about the pay increases in five Europe countries (Irish 5%->3.2%, postural 3%->3.3%, UK 3.0%->2.9%, Germany 2.8->3.2% France 2.8%-2.8%) in 1999 and 2000, and the overall pay increase in the whole of Europe (Whole Europe 2.9%-2.8%).Task2: Most countries spend much money on education, As they start to realize the importance of education. In your opinion which two subjects do you think is more important and which one is less important. Please give your answers.subjects:Literature Sports Mathematics Economy Physics History Music Geography Philosophy Foreign languagesGive reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from yourown knowledge or experience.2008.4.5写作1关于比利时,日本,澳大利亚,美国 1970和2000年 60-65岁男性和女性的就业率，柱状图。
08年12月份试题
08年12月份试题08年12月份试题选择题1.Color and light,taken together, _______ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.A,very powerfully influence B.very influence powerfullyC.powerfully very influence D influence powerfully very2. In her time,Isadora Duncan was ______ today a liberated woman.A,calling what we would B,who would be callingC,what we would call D,she would call it3.The world’s deepest cave, Pierre St. Martin in the Pyrenees mountains, is almost three times as deep ______ . A, as the Empire State Building is high B, that the Empire State Building is higher C,is higher than the Empire State Building D, and the Empire State Building’s height4.Earthquakes can damage a tree ____ violently, and it can take several years for the tree to heal. A, to cause shaking B,when shaking it causes C,by causing it to shake D,to cause to shake it5.In the fourteenth century, ___ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven. A, the discovery B, it was discovered C, with the discovery D,if it was discovered6.Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water ___ .A, to constantly flow into them B, is constantly flowing into themC,constantly flows into them C, constantly flowing into them7. Although both political parties wanted Dwight D. Eisenhower as their presidential nominee in 1952, he became aRepublican candidate and ____.A, President was electing B,was elected President C,to elect the President D, being elected President8.Even as a girl , ____ to be her life , and theatre audiences wrer to be her best teachers .A, performances by Fanny Brice were B,it was known for Fanny Brice’s performances were C, audiences knew that Fanny Br ice’s performances wereD,Fanny Brice knew that performing was9.Oliver Ellsworth, _____ of the United States Supreme Court , was the author of the bill that established the federal court system.. A, he was the third chief justice B, the third chief justice was C, who the third chief justice D, the third chief justice10. Mary Edmonia Lewis, a sculptor who studies at Oberlin College,was ___ by Harriet Hosmer. A, tutored in the neoclassical aesthetic B, the neoclassical aesthetic tutored inC, aesthetic in the neoclassical tutored C, the aesthetic neoclassical tutored in11 _____ , the silvery cheeked hornbill chooses a hollow tree for a nest and seals herself in until her chicks are grown . A, Protection for predators against B, Against protection predators for C, For protection against predators D, Predators against protection for12, Illustrator Norman Rockwell specialized in finely drawn, richly anecdotal scenes _____.A, of everyday small-town life B, of which everyday life in a small townC, were in asmall town every day D, small-town life every day13. Used only for wall surfaces that are exposed to view or require a decorative effect,_____.A, the exactness in shape,size,and color of face brickB, face brick must be exact in shape,size and color.C, must be face brick which is exact in shape,size and color D, the shape,size and color must be exact of face brick14 The dominant philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment _____ in the universe in terms forces that could detected by the human senses .A, an explanation for everything B, attempted to explain everything C, everything was an attempt D, explained and attempted15.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature ,and _____ in which the oyster lives. A, the salt content of the water B, the water contains salt C, the content of the water is salt D, there is salt contained in the water 16. Not until about 20,000 B.C _____ executed. A, were known of the oldest paintings B, the oldest of known paintings were C, the oldest known were paintingsD, were the oldest known paintings17.In his book ,Social Theory and Social Structure, sociologist Robert Merton explored ____ in ways that society considers abnormal. A, those individual whose behaviorB, why do individuals behave C, why individuals behave D, the behavior of those individuals who 18. _____ choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of city life. A, So large numbers of people to B, There are large numbers of peopleC, Large numbers of people D, Large numbers of people who19.Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States ____ Henry Ford , a pioneer in automobile production. A, as was B, than was C, than did D, asdid 20. Abstraction goes into the making of any work in art, ____ or not .A, whether the artist being aware of it B, the artist is being aware whetherC, whether the artist is aware of it D, the artist is aware whether改错题：21.The Texas Panhandle region, in the northwestern part of the state, produces more wheat, cotton ,and grain sorghum than any of other area of Texas.22.The nitrogen makes up over 78 percent of he Earth’s atmosphere, the gaseous mass surrounding the planet.23.The basic elements of public-opinion research are interviewers, questionnaires ,tabulating equipment, and to sample population.24.A change in direction of the monsoon winds result from the differences between the beating or cooling of landmasses and that of oceans.25.Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.26.Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the American Revolution, inaugurateda broad curriculum in response of social demands.27 Booket T.Washington , an educational leader, worked throughout the lifetime to improve economic conditions for Black people in the United States .28.Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleasing that an agreement has been reached to forbid smoking on commercial flights within continental United States.29. Migration of animals may be initiated by physiological stimuli such as reproductive changes , external pressures such as weather changes , or a combination of either types of changes.30.The Egyptians first discovered that drying fruit preserved , made it sweeter , and improvement its flavor.31. Designers of athletic footwear finely tune each category of shoe to its particularly activity by studying human motion and physiology.32.In a small community, behavioral norms are more universally understood and accepted , and are therefore more likely being homogeneous than in a large city..33.The average annual solar radiation received by the atmosphere varies strongly withlatitude-----it is four times great at the equator than at the poles.34. Although cultivated in the new world for hundreds of years , only within the last century the tomato has become recognized as a valuable food.35. Statistics show that there are only slightly fewer males than females in the teaching profession , yet it is popularly believed that the vast majority of teacher are women.36.Colorfastness , durability , and resistance to moisture make mosaic a practical from of architectural decoration in the warm and humidity areas of the Mediterranean basin.37.For convenience it common to speak of plants as “herbs”, “shrubs”, and “trees”, but it is really no sharp distinctions among them .38. The clasmosaur : a giant prehistoric sea reptile with fierce-looking jaws and flippers , hada muscular neck that accounted for much than half its length.39.Even many early leaders of the United States have provided names for towns ,only George Washington is remembered in the name of a state.40. In a controversial eating guide entitled Are You Hungry ?Jane Hirschmann and Lela Zaphiropolous argue that children instinctively know what foods are good for selves.选择题2：1. A clumsy workman is likely to find fault with his tools . A heavy B stupid C unskillful D lazy2.Misunderstanding arose on account of the vague instructions on the part of the manager.A undeterminedB confusedC ambiguousD wrong3. When the wind died down , the sailboat drifted toward the beach.A headedB floatedC hurried C returned4. The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotten away.A virtuallyB essentiallyC alwaysD basically5. That car model has become obsolete. A outmoded B popular C modern D out of stock6.There seems to be a vogue for selling small boats this summer.A difficultyB utilityC fashionD requests7. Instead of fighting , the two nations settled the quarrel in an amicable way.A naturalB negotiativeC peaceableD reasonable8. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard from miles.A shoutedB grewC cheeredD scattered9. Thus our conviction is reinforced that only socialist revolution can really solve the problems ofthe people . A argument B proposal C belief D theory10. Is a woman to be more highly esteemed for her talent or for her beauty?A estimatedB evaluatedC respectedD reckoned11.The employer must verity that the applicants for the post have the proper qualifications .A measurementsB talentsC skillsD credentials12. Drunken driving is a major catastrophe in which a great many lives have been lost.A casualtyB disasterC changeD threat13.Rain runs down a spout from the roof to the ground.A flowB dustC seedD filth14.Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.A sympathyB regretC wistfulnessD sorrow15.The boy did not reach the stature of his father, he was always under his arm.A featureB independenceC heightD position16.This matter is not very important, and shouldn’t detain us a long time .A retardB embarrassC disdainD deplore17.His puny attempts at producing a financial plan for the department did not impress his boss.A effectiveB significantC ineffectiveD hard18.Going out for a walk when it’s pouring with rain is a ludicrous idea.A imaginedB fancifulC cleverD ridiculous19.She ruminated for weeks about whether to tell him or not.A ponderedB hid the truthC promisedD admitted/doc/7a16f22387c24028915fc3a9.html anizing ability is an essential attribute for a good manager.A abilityB qualityC aspectD faculty21.The driver distorted the account of the fact to escape blame.A illustratedB reportedC falsifiedD explained22. Te cat’s happy expression bore testimony that it hadeaten the cream.A doubtB proofC experienceD revelation23.She implored her mother to give permission for her to go on the trip.A persuadedB suggestedC beseechedD enforced24.The Red Cross appealed to philanthropy to save the life ofa prison.A publicB charityC justiceD attorney25.He devoted himself to the protection of the denizens of the forest.A visitorsB customersC merchantsD inhabitants26.We surmised that the traffic delay was caused by some accident on the highway.A assessedB supposedC decidedD confessed27.The woman was astounded to learn that her dearestfriend had been spreading had gossip about her. A surprised B irrigated C disappointed D frightened28.That man has been designated by the President as the next secretary of State.A appointedB decidedC admittedD recommended29.Cut a piece of lead or zinc, and observe the luster of its fresh surface.A brillianceB fractionC purenessD Groove30.Farmers in the 1930’s had to contend against drought and dust .A preventB conquerC struggleD censure--------------------------------------------------本套试题到此结束--------------------------------------------。
托福08北美机经
2008.6.21 北美机经第一部分、阅读：第1篇、关于fungi和plant的根部的共生关系。
（1）10分钟14道题目。
内容，真菌与植物共生的关系。
想说历史上的误区－认为真菌都是有害的，原因是案例都是针对危害植物的。
德国植物学家，某某教授（我只能屏记忆，因为没有带稿纸回来），因为黑块菌的经济价值（luctive，考点），应德国政府的研究在针对德国黑块菌的研究实时发现——真菌与橡树的根系均有供盈关系。
真菌分解某些植物掺杂而得到养分、矿物质，其中一部分分给植物所用；另一方面职务的光合作用的部分养分转给真菌。
同时这些关系在针叶树中也发现——在贫瘠的地方尤为重要，因为真菌可以吸收更广泛的矿物质有益于共生关系的植物（考点），所以共生关系是有益的——补充相关生物知识的不足。
第2篇、关于古希腊的马的雕塑的发展演变，有个单词sleek .会问什么意思雕像：1200BC－900BC的地中海地区雕像主题是马，一般是宗教所用（考点）。
但是雕像较小且用陶瓷做成，后在800BC以后用铜为主。
期间早期造型与陶瓷阶段类似，简单，只是茎部能辨出是马！（考点），随着时间推移，工艺进化（考点）。
其用途在罗马期间因为马不是经济动物（牛），主要用途是运输、和战争（考点）。
作为宗教图腾马主要表明马主人借着马的宗教意义在战争中的获得保佑（考点）。
第3篇、关于恐龙和鸟的相似形比较。
恐龙和鸟在很多方面相似，第一有羽毛恐龙化石发现，第恐龙下蛋，并且会孵化。
恐龙的体积增加迅速，这个只见于温血动物，类似于鸟。
有一种恐龙以前人们以为它偷蛋，但是后来发现其实它不过是在像鸟一样孵化蛋。
加试1、苏美尔文化加试2、达尔文进化论第二部分、听力：第1篇、一个男的到教授那里问一个television research的事情。
这个学生想参加，但是时间都冲突了。
最后教授说她认识那男生工作地方 Fox diner的老板，她会打电话给那个老板让他通融一下。
第2篇、 human brain functionpsychology, about your dream, music dream, elements, brain function work第3篇、生物：植物的花与气候和广造光的关系。
2008新托福TOEFL-iBT写作题库分类（五）1
10.⽣活，习惯：105) Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.有些⼈喜欢在⼩城镇⽣活，有些⼈喜欢在⼤城市⽣活。
你喜欢哪个？106) Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.有⼈喜欢结伴⽽旅游。
有⼈喜欢单独旅游。
你喜欢哪个？108) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer⼈们有时要做⾃⼰不喜欢的事。
同意与否？109) Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. Which do you prefer: staying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.有⼈喜欢呆在⼀个城市，有⼈喜欢在不同的地⽅居住。
2008年英语托福考试真题
2008年英语托福考试真题The 2008 TOEFL Exam: A ReflectionIn the year 2008, the TOEFL exam, a widely recognized test of English proficiency, posed a unique set of challenges to test-takers around the world. This standardized assessment, designed to measure an individual's ability to use and understand the English language, has long been a crucial component in the academic and professional lives of countless individuals seeking to further their opportunities in an increasingly globalized world.The 2008 TOEFL exam was no exception, presenting a formidable array of tasks and questions that required test-takers to demonstrate their mastery of the language across a range of domains. From the Reading section, which challenged participants to comprehend and analyze a variety of academic texts, to the Listening section, which tested their ability to understand spoken English in various contexts, the exam demanded a well-rounded proficiency that encompassed both receptive and productive skills.The Writing section of the 2008 TOEFL exam was particularly noteworthy, as it called upon test-takers to showcase their ability tocraft coherent and persuasive essays on assigned topics. This component of the assessment not only evaluated an individual's command of grammar, vocabulary, and organizational structure, but also their critical thinking skills and capacity to effectively communicate their ideas in a written format.The Speaking section, on the other hand, provided test-takers with the opportunity to demonstrate their oral communication abilities, requiring them to respond to prompts, engage in discussions, and deliver short presentations. This aspect of the exam tested not only the test-takers' fluency and pronunciation, but also their ability to articulate their thoughts and opinions in a clear and concise manner.Throughout the 2008 TOEFL exam, test-takers were challenged to draw upon a diverse range of linguistic and cognitive abilities, from the ability to comprehend complex academic texts to the capacity to express themselves effectively in both written and spoken English. The exam's emphasis on assessing a broad spectrum of language skills underscored the multifaceted nature of English proficiency and the importance of developing a well-rounded mastery of the language.For many test-takers, the 2008 TOEFL exam represented a significant milestone in their academic or professional journeys, a necessary hurdle to clear in order to gain admission to prestigious universities,secure employment in international organizations, or simply demonstrate their linguistic capabilities to prospective employers or educational institutions.The challenges posed by the 2008 TOEFL exam were not simple or easily surmounted, but for those who rose to the occasion, the sense of accomplishment and the doors that were opened as a result of their success were truly invaluable. The exam served as a testament to the dedication, hard work, and perseverance of those who sought to master the English language and leverage their linguistic abilities to further their personal and professional aspirations.In the years that have passed since the 2008 TOEFL exam, the test has continued to evolve and adapt to the changing needs of the global landscape, but the core principles and objectives that have guided its development remain steadfast. As a tool for assessing English proficiency, the TOEFL exam remains a vital component in the educational and professional lives of countless individuals, a touchstone for those who aspire to succeed in an increasingly interconnected world.。
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2008年新托福独立写作北美考题2008.1.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The government should focus on environmental problems instead of on economic development.利弊型—拆分法Agree—环境问题Water pollutionResources deficiencyAir pollutionDisagree—经济发展2008.1.18Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People are happier when they finish a challenging or difficult job than when they complete an essay task.事实型，比较类—拆场景AgreeDisagree2008.1.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Successful people accept new things and take risks rather than hold on to the things that they have done well.成功类2008.2.1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Being creative is more important in finding the best solution to a problem than planning carefully.2008.2.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Advertisements targeting children aged between 2 and 5 should be banned.2008. 2.15Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It’s important for families to have meals together regularly.2008.2.23Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Technology makes people’s lives simpler rather than makes people’s lives more complicated. 2008.3.1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?To solve the present and future problems, it’s necessary to understand the past.2008. 3.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People today spend too much time on enjoyment. We do what we like to do rather than what we should do.2008.3.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The environmental issue is too complex to be solved by the individuals.2008.3.29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It’s important to have rules about the types of clothing that people wear at work and at school.2008. 4.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The government should give priority to healthcare rather than to environmental problems.2008. 5.3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Technology had made children less creative than the children were in the past.2008.5.9Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The government should spend more money on improving access to the Internet than to public transportation.2008.5.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Telephone has greater influence on people’s lives than TV.2008.5. 30Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People today are not as friendly as people were in the past.2008.6.6Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing computer games is a waste of time for children.2008. 6.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Good looks and clothing are more important to success than good ideas.2008. 6.28Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should live in a city or country all their lives than to move to another place.2008.7.11Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Today, people don’t understand their children as well as the parents did 50 years ago.2008. 8.2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It was easier to achieve success in the past than it is today.2008.8.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Most businesspeople are motivated only by the desire for more money.2008.8.23Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?A serious and strict teacher is more effective than a teacher who is humorous and easygoing.2008.9.5Which source is more dependable for news, TV or newspapers?2008.9.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Children should play and study rather than learn how to do household chores.2008.9.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Printed books have greater effect on society than TV does.2008.10.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different from others.2008.10.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People get more benefits from traveling in their own country than traveling in a foreign country.2008.10.25Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students who can keep their own rooms organized are more likely to succeed.2008. 10.31Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more fun to see a movie in a cinema with other people than watch a movie at home.2008.11.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Scientists should be responsible for the negative impacts that is brought about by their discoveries or inventions.2008.11.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Children should only play sports for fun rather than play sports in competitions or contests.2008.11.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students are more influenced by teachers than by their parents.2008.12.5Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Sports teach us lessons about life.2008.12.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Spending time alone is the best way to relieve stress.2008.12.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People who have interests in different things cannot be friends.2008.12.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Sports and exercises are more important to elderly people than to young people.2008.12.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should be allowed to use cell phones on public transportation such as buses and trains.。