现代移动通信 毕业论文外文翻译 (2)
Review-of-UMTS通用移动通信系统的回顾大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：通用移动通信系统的回顾文献、资料英文题目：Review of UMTS文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：Review of UMTS1.1 UMTS Network ArchitectureThe European/Japanese 3G standard is referred to as UMTS. UMTS is one of a number of standards ratified by the ITU-T under the umbrella of IMT-2000. It is currently the dominant standard, with the US CDMA2000 standard gaining ground, particularly with operators that have deployed cdmaOne as their 2G technology. At time of writing,Japan is the most advanced in terms of 3G network deployment. The three incumbent operators there have implemented three different technologies: J-Phone is using UMTS,KDDI has a CDMA2000 network, and the largest operator NTT DoCoMo is using a system branded as FOMA (Freedom of Multimedia Access). FOMA is based on the original UMTS proposal, prior to its harmonization and standardization.The UMTS standard is specified as a migration from the second generation GSM standard to UMTS via the General Packet Radio System (GPRS) and Enhanced Data for Global Evolution (EDGE), as shown in Figure. This is a sound rationale since as of April 2003, there were over 847 Million GSM subscribers worldwide1, accounting for68% of the global cellular subscriber figures. The emphasis is on keeping as much ofthe GSM network as possible to operate with the new system.We are now well on the road towards Third Generation (3G), where the network will support all traffic types: voice, video and data, and we should see an eventual explosion in the services available on the mobile device. The driving technology for this is the IP protocol. Many cellular operators are now at a position referred to as 2.5G, with the deployment of GPRS, which introduces an IP backbone into the mobile core network.The diagram below, Figure 2, shows an overview of the key components in a GPRS network, and how it fits into the existing GSM infrastructure.The interface between the SGSN and GGSN is known as the Gn interface and uses the GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP, discussed later). The primary reason for the introduction of this infrastructure is to offer connections to external packet networks, such as the Internet or a corporate Intranet.This brings the IP protocol into the network as a transport between the SGSN and GGSN. This allows data services such as email or web browsing on the mobile device,with users being charged based on volume of data rather than time connected.The dominant standard for delivery of 3G networks and services is the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, or UMTS. The first deployment of UMTS is the Release ’99 architecture, shown below in Figure 3.In this network, the major change is in the radio access network (RAN) with the introduction of CDMA technology for the air interface, and ATM as a transport in the transmission part. These changes have been introduced principally to support the transport of voice, video and data services on the same network. The core network remains relatively unchanged, with primarily software upgrades. However, the IP protocol pushes further into the network with the RNC now communicating with the 3G SGSN using IP.The next evolution step is the Release 4 architecture, Figure 4. Here, the GSM core is replaced with an IP network infrastructure based around Voice over IP technology.The MSC evolves into two separate components: a Media Gateway (MGW) and an MSC Server (MSS). This essentially breaks apart the roles of connection and connection control. An MSS can handle multiple MGWs, making the network more scaleable.Since there are now a number of IP clouds in the 3G network, it makes sense to merge these together into one IP or IP/ATM backbone (it is likely both options will be available to operators.) This extends IP right across the whole network, all the way to the BTS.This is referred to as the All-IP network, or the Release 5 architecture, as shown in Figure 5. The HLR/VLR/EIR are generalised and referred to as the HLR Subsystem(HSS).Now the last remnants of traditional telecommunications switching are removed, leaving a network operating completely on the IP protocol, and generalised for the transport of many service types. Real-time services are supported through the introduction of a new network domain, the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS).Currently the 3GPP are working on Release 6, which purports to cover all aspects not addressed in frozen releases. Some call UMTS Release 6 4G and itincludes such issues as interworking of hot spot radio access technologies such as wireless LAN.1.2 UMTS FDD and TDDLike any CDMA system, UMTS needs a wide frequency band in which to operate to effectively spread signals. The defining characteristic of the system is the chip rate, where a chip is the width of one symbol of the CDMA code. UMTS uses a chip rate of 3.84Mchips/s and this converts to a required spectrum carrier of 5MHz wide. Since this is wider than the 1.25MHz needed for the existing cdmaOne system, the UMTS air interface is termed ‘wideband’ CDMA.There are actually two radio technologies under the UMTS umbrella: UMTS FDD and TDD. FDD stands for Frequency Division Duplex, and like GSM, separates traffic in the uplink and downlink by placing them at different frequency channels. Therefore an operator must have a pair of frequencies allocated to allow them to run a network, hence the term ‘paired spectrum’. TDD or Time Division Duplex requires only one frequency channel, and uplink and downlink traffic are separated by sending them at different times. The ITU-T spectrum usage, as shown in Figure 6, for FDD is 1920- 980MHz for uplink traffic, and 2110-2170MHz for downlink. The minimum allocation an operator needs is two paired 5MHz channels, one for uplink and one for downlink, at a separation of 190MHz. However, to provide comprehensive coverage and services, it is recommended that an operator be given three channels. Considering the spectrum allocation, there are 12 paired channels available, and many countries have now completed the licencing process for this spectrum, allocating between two and four channels per licence. This has tended to work out a costly process for operators, since the regulatory authorities in some countries, notably in Europe, have auctioned these licences to the highest bidder. This has resulted in spectrum fees as high as tens of billions of dollars in some countries.The Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, which needs only one 5MHz band in which to operate, often referred to as unpaired spectrum. The differences between UMTS FDD and TDD are only evident at the lower layers, particularly on the radio interface. At higher layers, the bulk of the operation of the two systems is the same. As the name suggests, the TDD system separates uplink and downlink traffic by placing them in different time slots. As will be seen later, UMTS uses a 10ms frame structure which is divided into 15 equal timeslots. TDD can allocate these to be either uplink or downlink,with one or more breakpoints between the two in a frame defined. In this way, it is well suited to packet traffic, since this allows great flexibility in dynamically dimensioning for asymmetry intraffic flow.The TDD system should not really be considered as an independent network, but rather as a supplement for an FDD system to provide hotspot coverage at higher data rates. It is rather unsuitable for large scale deployment due to interference between sites, since a BTS may be trying to detect a weak signal from a UE, which is blocked out by a relatively strong signal at the same frequency from a nearby BTS. TDD is ideal for indoor coverage over small areas.Since FDD is the main access technology being developed currently, the explanations presented here will focus purely on this system.1.3 UMTS Bearer ModelThe procedures of a mobile device connecting to a UMTS network can be split into two areas: the access stratum (AS) and the non-access stratum (NAS). The access stratum involves all the layers and subsystems that offer general services to the non-access stratum. In UMTS, the access stratum consists of all of the elements in the radio access network, including the underlying ATM transport network, and the various mechanisms such as those to provide reliable information exchange. All of the non-access stratum functions are those between the mobile device and the core network, for example, mobility management. Figure 7 shows the architecture model. The AS interacts with the NAS through the use of service access points (SAPs).UMTS radio access network (UTRAN) provides this separation of NAS and AS functions, and allows for AS functions to be fully controlled and implemented within the UTRAN. The two major UTRAN interfaces are the Uu, which is the interface between the mobile device, or User Equipment (UE) and the UTRAN, and the Iu, which is the interface between the UTRAN and the core network. Both of these interfaces can be divided into control and user planes each with appropriate protocol functions.A Bearer Service is a link between two points, which is defined by a certain set of characteristics. In the case of UMTS, the bearer service is delivered using radio access bearers.A Radio access bearer (RAB) is defined as the service that the access stratum (i.e.UTRAN) provides to the non-access stratum for transfer of user data between the User Equipment and Core Network. A RAB can consist of a number of subflows, which are data streams to the core network within the RAB that have different QoS characteristics,such as different reliabilities. A common example of this is different classes of bits with different bit error rates can be realised as different RAB subflows. RAB subflows are established and released at the timethe RAB is established and released, and are delivered together over the same transport bearer.A Radio Link is defined as a logical association between a single User Equipment (UE) and a single UTRAN access point, such as an RNC. It is physically comprised of one or more radio bearers and should not be confused with radio access bearer.Looking within the UTRAN, the general architecture model is as shown in Figure 8 below. Now shown are the Node B or Base Station (BTS) and Radio Network Controller (RNC) components, and their respective internal interfaces. The UTRAN is subdivided into blocks referred to as Radio Network Subsystems (RNS), where each RNS consists of one controlling RNC (CRNC) and all the BTSs under its control. Unique to UMTS is the interface between RNSs, the Iur interface, which plays a key role in handover procedures. The interface between the BTS and RNC is the Iub interface.All the ‘I’ interfaces: Iu, Iur and Iub, currently3 use ATM as a transport layer. In the context of ATM, the BTS is seen as a host accessing an ATM network, within which the RNC is an ATM switch. Therefore, the Iub is a UNI interface, whereas the Iu and Iur interfaces are considered to be NNI, as illustrated in Figure 9.This distinction is because the BTS to RNC link is a point-to-point connection in that a BTS or RNC will only communicate with the RNC or BTS directly connected to it, and will not require communication beyond that element to another network element.For each user connection to the core network, there is only one RNC, which maintains the link between the UE and core network domain, as highlighted in Figure 10. This RNC is referred to as the serving RNC or SRNC. That SRNC plus the BTSs under its control is then referred to as the SRNS. This is a logical definition with reference to that UE only. In an RNS, the RNC that controls a BTS is known as the controlling RNC or CRNC. This is with reference to the BTS, cells under its control and all the common and shared channels within.As the UE moves, it may perform a soft or hard handover to another cell. In the case of a soft handover, the SRNC will activate the new connection to the new BTS. Should the new BTS be under the control of another RNC, the SRNC will also alert this new RNC to activate a connection along the Iur interface. The UE now has two links, one directly to the SRNC, and the second, through the new RNC along the Iur interface. In this case, this new RNC is logically referred to as a drift RNC or DRNC, see Figure 10. It is not involved in any processing of the call and merely relays it to the SRNC for connection to the core. In summary,SRNC and DRNC are usually associated with the UE and the CRNC is associated with the BTS. Since these are logical functions it is normal practice that a single RNC is capable of dealing with all these functions.A situation may arise where a UE is connected to a BTS for which the SRNC is not the CRNC for that BTS. In that situation, the network may invoke the Serving RNC Relocation procedure to move the core network connection. This process is described inSection 3.中文翻译：通用移动通信系统的回顾1.1 UMTS网络架构欧洲/日本的3G标准，被称为UMTS。
VoLTE业务(毕业论文外文翻译 中英文对照)
VoLTE业务 (VoLTE Services)1. 引言 (Introduction)随着网络通信技术的不断发展，VoLTE (Voice over LTE) 技术得到了广泛的应用。
VoLTE 是一种利用LTE (Long Term Evolution) 网络传输语音和多媒体业务的技术。
相较于传统的语音通信技术，VoLTE 提供更高质量的语音通信，同时支持视频通话、消息传递和即时通讯服务。
本文将介绍VoLTE业务的概念和特点，并以毕业论文的外文翻译为例，进行中英对照。
2. VoLTE业务概述 (Overview of VoLTE Services)VoLTE业务(Voice over LTE Services)是一种使用LTE网络进行语音通信和多媒体服务的技术。
相比传统的语音通信技术，VoLTE不仅提供更高质量的语音通话体验，还具备更多的功能特性，如高清语音、实时视频通话、消息传递和即时通讯服务等。
VoLTE业务的主要目标是通过使用全IP（Internet Protocol）网络，提供无缝连接并提高语音通信质量。
VoLTE技术通过使用LTE网络传输语音数据，将语音和数据合并在一个单一的IP多媒体子系统（IMS）网络中。
该IMS网络可以提供多种服务，包括实时视频传输、文件共享和在线游戏等。
VoLTE业务提供了丰富的功能和优势。
首先，它提供了高质量的语音通信，通过支持宽带音频编解码器，使用户能够享受高保真的语音通话体验。
其次，VoLTE还支持实时视频通话功能，用户可以通过VoLTE网络进行高清视频通话。
此外，VoLTE还支持消息传递服务，如短信和多媒体消息。
最后，VoLTE还提供了即时通讯服务，用户可以通过VoLTE网络进行语音和视频聊天，以及文件共享等。
VoLTE业务的发展对于改善移动通信体验具有重要意义。
随着4G网络的普及和5G网络的建设，VoLTE业务将成为未来通信技术的重要组成部分。
3. 毕业论文外文翻译 (Translation of Graduation Thesis Abstract)中文原文：摘要：随着移动通信技术的不断发展，VoLTE (基于Voice over LTE的通信技术) 已成为现代通信技术的重要组成部分。
移动通信的英文作文
移动通信的英文作文英文：As a user of mobile communication, I believe that it has greatly changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. With the development of technology, mobile communication has become more convenient and efficient than ever before.Firstly, mobile communication allows us to stay connected with our friends and family anytime, anywhere. We can make phone calls, send text messages, and even video chat with people who are far away from us. This has made it easier for us to maintain relationships and keep in touch with people who are important to us.Secondly, mobile communication has also changed the way we do business. With the help of mobile devices, we can now work remotely and stay connected with our colleagues and clients even when we are not in the office. This hasincreased efficiency and productivity in the workplace.However, there are also some negative aspects of mobile communication. For example, many people have become addicted to their mobile devices and spend too much time on social media or playing games. This can lead to a lack of face-to-face communication and social isolation.Overall, I believe that mobile communication has had a positive impact on our lives, but we need to be mindful of its potential negative effects.中文：作为移动通信的用户，我相信它已经极大地改变了我们之间的交流和互动方式。
通信工程外文资料翻译2篇
南京理工大学毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院（系）：电子工程与光电技术学院专业：通信工程姓名：学号：外文出处：1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION,VOL. 53,NO.9, SEPTEMBER 20052. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONMICROWA VE THEORY ANDTECHNIQUES, VOL. 53,NO.6,JUNE 2005附件：1.外文资料翻译译文一；2.外文资料翻译译文二；3.外文原文一；4.外文原文二；注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文一在单封装超宽波段无线通信中使用LTCC技术的平面天线作者：Chen Ying and Y.P.Zhang摘要：此通讯提出了一个使用低温度共烧陶瓷技术的平面天线用于超宽频带（UWB）无线通信的单封装解决方案。
该天线具有一个通过微带线反馈的椭圆形的辐射体。
该辐射体和微带线拥有与其它UWBR电路相同的接地板。
实验结果表明原型天线已达到110.9％的带宽，从1.34到5.43 dBi的增益，宽模式和频率从3到10.6GHz 的相对恒定的群延迟。
更多地还发现，标准化天线辐射功率谱密度基本符合FCCS 对于室内UWB系统的发射限制。
关键词：低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC），平面天线，超宽频带（UWB）。
一、引言现在，发展用于窄范围高速度的无线通信网络的超宽频带（UWB）无线电是一个研究热点。
超宽带无线电利用一个7.5 GHz的超宽带宽来交换信息。
使用这样大的带宽，在使U超宽带无线电发挥它最大的作用上存在一些问题.其中的一个主要问题是用于移植系统的超宽带天线的设计。
好的超宽带天线应具有较低的回波损耗，全向辐射模式，从3.1至10.6 GHz的超宽带宽下的高效率，同时也应当满足FCCS规定的发射限制。
现在已经有一些超宽带天线，如钻石偶极子和互补缝隙天线。
它们已被证明适用于超宽带无线电[1] - [4]。
5g移动通信英语作文
5g移动通信英语作文In the fast-paced world of technology, the advancementof mobile communications has been nothing short of revolutionary. The evolution from 1G to 5G has broughtabout significant changes in the way we connect, communicate, and access information. 5G mobile technology, the latest addition to this ever-evolving landscape, promises to revolutionize the telecommunications industry once again.5G, or the fifth generation of mobile networks, is the successor to the widely used 4G LTE technology. It offers a significant boost in speed, latency, and connectivity compared to its predecessor. With 5G, the possibilities are endless, as it paves the way for new applications and services that were not feasible with previous generationsof mobile technology.One of the most significant benefits of 5G is its speed. 5G networks are designed to provide speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G, with peak speeds reaching up to 20 Gbps. This means that downloading large files, streaming high-definition videos, and accessing cloud-based services willbe much faster and smoother. The reduced latency, or the time it takes for data to travel from one point to another, is another key advantage of 5G. With latencies as low as 1 millisecond, 5G enables real-time applications like self-driving cars and remote surgeries to become a reality.Another important aspect of 5G is its ability to handle a significantly higher number of connections than previous generations. This is made possible by the use of technologies like massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) and beamforming, which allow 5G networks to handle more devices simultaneously without compromising speed or quality. This increased connectivity will enable a range of new IoT (Internet of Things) applications, from smart homes to connected cities, where every device can be seamlessly integrated and interconnected.5G is not just about faster speeds and better connectivity; it's also about innovation and transformation. 5G networks will enable new services and applications that will change the way we live and work. For example, remote healthcare services will become more accessible, as doctors can provide real-time consultations and surgeries using 5G-enabled robots. Smart cities will become a reality, with traffic management, energy efficiency, and public safetyall being enhanced by 5G technology.However, the transition to 5G is not without its challenges. The deployment of 5G networks requires significant infrastructure investments, including the installation of new base stations and upgrades to existing infrastructure. Additionally, the rollout of 5G services can be complex, as it involves coordinating efforts between multiple stakeholders, including network operators, device manufacturers, and content providers.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of 5G are too great to ignore. The increased speed, reduced latency, and enhanced connectivity offered by 5G will enable new applications and services that will transform our lives. As we move into the future, 5G will play a crucial role in driving innovation and progress in various industries, from healthcare to transportation, entertainment, and more.**5G移动通信的革命性进步**在科技飞速发展的世界里，移动通信的进步可谓是革命性的。
对移动通信专业课的英文作文
对移动通信专业课的英文作文Mobile communication has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we interact, access information, and conduct business. As a field of study, mobile communications encompasses a vast array of technological advancements, innovative applications, and evolving industry trends. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of mobile communications as a professional discipline, exploring its key aspects, the skills and knowledge required, and the exciting career prospects it offers.At the core of mobile communications lies the seamless integration of various technologies, including wireless networks, cellular systems, and mobile devices. The rapid development of 4G and 5G networks, coupled with the widespread adoption of smartphones and tablets, has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and engage with the digital world. Mobile communication professionals play a crucial role in designing, implementing, and optimizing these complex systems, ensuring reliable and efficient connectivity for users.One of the fundamental aspects of mobile communications is the understanding of wireless network architectures. Students in this field must grasp the principles of radio frequency (RF) propagation, antenna design, and cellular network topologies. They learn to analyze and address the challenges posed by factors such as signal interference, coverage, and capacity optimization. Additionally, they delve into the intricacies of network protocols, such as GSM, CDMA, and LTE, and their role in enabling seamless voice, data, and multimedia communication.Beyond the technical foundations, mobile communications professionals must also possess a strong understanding of mobile device technologies. This includes the hardware components, operating systems, and software applications that power modern smartphones and tablets. They need to stay abreast of the latest advancements in mobile processors, memory, sensors, and display technologies, as well as the evolving user interface designs and mobile app development frameworks.Another crucial aspect of mobile communications is the study of mobile data and services. Students in this field explore the various mobile data transmission techniques, such as packet switching and circuit switching, and learn to optimize data throughput and minimize latency. They also examine the role of mobile internet protocols, such as WAP and GPRS, and their integration withtraditional internet technologies.The field of mobile communications also encompasses the study of mobile applications and services. Students delve into the development of mobile apps, exploring user experience design, cross-platform compatibility, and the integration of advanced features like location-based services, augmented reality, and mobile payments. They also learn to navigate the complex ecosystem of mobile app stores, distribution channels, and monetization strategies.In addition to the technical aspects, mobile communications professionals must also possess strong analytical and problem-solving skills. They must be adept at data analysis, network optimization, and performance monitoring to ensure the smooth operation of mobile systems. Furthermore, they need to understand the regulatory frameworks and industry standards that govern the mobile communications landscape, adapting to the ever-evolving landscape of policies and regulations.The career prospects in mobile communications are vast and diverse. Graduates can find employment in a wide range of industries, including telecommunications companies, mobile device manufacturers, software development firms, and IT consulting agencies. They may take on roles such as network engineers, mobile app developers, data analysts, project managers, and technical salesrepresentatives, contributing to the development and deployment of cutting-edge mobile technologies.Moreover, the field of mobile communications is constantly evolving, presenting professionals with opportunities for continuous learning and growth. As new technologies, such as 5G, the Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing, continue to emerge, mobile communication experts must stay ahead of the curve, constantly updating their skills and knowledge to remain competitive in the job market.In conclusion, mobile communications is a dynamic and multifaceted field that offers a wealth of opportunities for aspiring professionals. By mastering the technical aspects of wireless networks, mobile devices, and data services, as well as developing strong analytical and problem-solving skills, students in this discipline can position themselves for rewarding careers in a rapidly advancing industry. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and reliant on mobile technologies, the demand for skilled mobile communication professionals will only continue to grow, making it an exciting and promising career path.。
移动通信英文作文
移动通信英文作文英文：As a user of mobile communication, I think it has brought great convenience to people's lives. With the development of technology, mobile phones have become more and more intelligent, not only can make calls and send messages, but also can surf the Internet, take photos, play games and so on. It's like having a mini computer in our pocket.However, the excessive use of mobile phones has also brought some negative effects. For example, some people are addicted to mobile phones and cannot get rid of them, which affects their work and study. In addition, the radiation from mobile phones may also pose a potential health hazard to users.In my opinion, we should make reasonable use of mobile phones and avoid excessive use. We can set a time limit forusing mobile phones every day, and try to put down our phones when we are with our families or friends, so as to better communicate with them. As for the potential health hazards, we can choose mobile phones with lower radiation levels or use headphones when making phone calls.中文：作为移动通信的用户，我认为它给人们的生活带来了很大的便利。
现代通信的英语作文范文
现代通信的英语作文范文英文回答：Modern communication is characterized by its speed, efficiency, and global reach. It encompasses various technologies and platforms that enable individuals and organizations to exchange information and ideas in real-time, regardless of geographical distances.One of the key aspects of modern communication is the widespread adoption of the internet and digital technologies. The internet has revolutionized the way we access and share information. Social media platforms, instant messaging applications, and video conferencing tools have made it easier than ever to connect with others and participate in online communities.Another notable feature of modern communication is the rise of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. These devices allow us to stay connected on the go,providing us with access to information and communication channels wherever we are. The increasing availability and affordability of mobile technology has contributed to its widespread adoption and has significantly transformed the way we communicate in today's world.Moreover, modern communication has enabled the development of new forms of expression and interaction. Emojis, GIFs, and other non-verbal cues have become an integral part of online communication, allowing us to convey emotions and ideas in a more nuanced and engaging way. The use of visual aids, such as images and videos, has also become increasingly common, enhancing the impact and comprehensiveness of messages.The speed and efficiency of modern communication have profound implications for businesses and organizations. Email, instant messaging, and video conferencing tools have facilitated seamless communication within work teams and across geographical boundaries. The ability to exchange information and make decisions quickly has enabled organizations to become more agile and responsive to marketdemands.Furthermore, modern communication has fostered global connectivity and collaboration. The internet has broken down geographical barriers, allowing people from diverse cultures and backgrounds to engage in meaningful conversations and share ideas. International collaboration on research, education, and business ventures has become increasingly feasible and effective.However, it is important to acknowledge that modern communication also presents certain challenges and ethical considerations. The sheer volume of information available online can be overwhelming and may lead to information overload. It is crucial to be able to critically evaluate information sources and distinguish between reliable and unreliable content.Additionally, the use of social media and other online platforms can raise concerns about privacy and data security. It is essential to be aware of the privacy policies of these platforms and to take steps to protectpersonal information.In conclusion, modern communication is a rapidly evolving field that is transforming the way we connect with others, access information, and conduct business. While it offers numerous benefits and opportunities, it also presents challenges that require careful attention. By understanding the advantages and limitations of modern communication, we can harness its potential to facilitate meaningful connections, promote collaboration, and drive innovation in the 21st century.中文回答：现代通信的特点是速度快、效率高和全球覆盖率。
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一、英文原文Modern mobile communication technologyIn now highly the information society, the information and the correspondence have become the modern society “the life”. The information exchange mainly relies on the computer correspondence, but corresponds takes the transmission method, with the sensing technology, the computer technology fuses mutually, has become in the 21st century the international society and the world economic development powerful engine. In order to of adapt the time request, the new generation of mobile communication technology seasonable and lives, the new generation of mobile communication technology is the people said that third generation's core characteristic is the wide band addressing turns on non-gap roaming between the rigid network and numerous different communications system's, gains the multimedia communication services.Along with the time progress, the technical innovation, people's life request's enhancement, the mobile communication technology renewal speed is quite astonishing, almost every other ten year mobile communication technology has a transformation update, from the 1980s “the mobile phone” to present's 3G handset, during has had two mobile communication technology transformation, transits from 1G AMPS to 2G GSM, from GSM to IMT-2000 (i.e. 3G technology). Knows modern on me the mobile communication technology to have the following several aspect important technology:1. wideband modulation and multiple access techniqueThe wireless high speed data transmission cannot only depend on the frequency spectrum constantly the expansion, should be higher than the present number magnitude at least in the frequency spectrum efficiency, may use three technologies in the physical level, namely OFDM, UWB and free time modulation code. OFDM with other encoding method's union, nimbly OFDM and TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, SDMA combines the multiple access technique.In the 1960s the OFDM multi-channel data transmission has succeeded uses in complex and the Kathryn high frequency military channels. OFDM has used in 1.6 M bit/s high bit rate digital subscriber line (HDSL), 6 M bit/s asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL), 100 M bit/s really high speed figure subscriber's line (VDSL), digital audio frequency broadcast and digital video broadcast and so on. OFDM applies on 5 GHz provides 54 M bit/s wireless local network IEEE 802.11 a and IEEE 802.11g, high performance this region network Hi per LAN/2 and ETSI-BRAN, but also takes metropolitan area network IEEE 802.16 and the integrated service digit broadcast (ISDB-T) the standard. Compares with the single load frequency modulation system service pattern, the OFDM modulation service pattern needs to solve the relatively big peak even power ratio (PAPR, Peak to Average Power Ratio) and to the frequency shifting and the phase noise sensitive question.High speed mobile communication's another request is under the wide noise bandwidth, must demodulate the signal-to-noise ratio to reduce as far as possible, thus increases the cover area. May adopt the anti-fading the full start power control and the pilot frequency auxiliary fast track demodulation technology, like the frequency range anti-fading's Rake receive and the track technology, the OFDMA technology which declines from the time domain and the frequencyrange resistance time and the frequency selectivity, the link auto-adapted technology, the union coding technique.2. frequency spectrum use factor lift techniqueThe fundamental research pointed out: In the independent Rayleigh scattering channel, the data rate and the antenna several tenth linear relationships, the capacity may reach Shannon 90%. Is launching and the receiving end may obtain the capacity and the frequency spectrum efficiency gain by the multi-antenna development channel space. The MIMO technology mainly includes the spatial multiplying and the space diversity technology, concurrent or the salvo same information enhances the transmission reliability on the independent channel.Receives and dispatches the bilateral space diversity is the high-capacity wireless communication system uses one of technical. Bell Lab free time's opposite angle BLAST (D-BLAST) capacity increase to receive and dispatch the bilateral smallest antenna number in administrative levels the function. The cross time domain which and the air zone expansion signal constitutes using MIMO may also resist the multi-diameter disturbance. V-BLAST system when indoor 24~34 dB, the frequency spectrum use factor is 20~40 bit/s/Hz. But launches and the receiving end uses 16 antennas, when 30 dB, the frequency spectrum use factor increases to 60~70 bit/s/Hz.The smart antenna automatic tracking needs the signal and the auto-adapted free time processing algorithm, produces the dimensional orientation wave beam using the antenna array, causes the main wave beam alignment subscriber signal direction of arrival through the digital signal processing technology, the side lobe or zero falls the alignment unwanted signal direction of arrival. The auto-adapted array antennas (AAA, Adaptive Array Antennas) disturbs the counter-balance balancer (ICE, Interference Canceling Equalizer) to be possible to reduce disturbs and cuts the emissive power.3. software radio technologyThe software radio technology is in the hardware platform through the software edition by a terminal implementation different system in many kinds of communication services. It uses the digital signal processing language description telecommunication part, downloads the digital signal processing hardware by the software routine (DSPH, Digital Signal Processing Hardware). By has the general opening wireless structure (OWA, Open Wireless Architecture), compatible many kinds of patterns between many kinds of technical standards seamless cut.UWB is also called the pulse to be radio, the modulation uses the pulse width in the nanosecond level fast rise and the drop pulse, the pulse cover frequency spectrum from the current to the lucky hertz, does not need in the radio frequency which the convention narrow band frequency modulation needs to transform, after pulse formation, may deliver directly to the antenna launch.4. software radio technologyThe software radio technology is in the hardware platform through the software edition by a terminal implementation different system in many kinds of communication services. It uses the digital signal processing language description telecommunication part, downloads the digital signal processing hardware by the software routine (DSPH, Digital Signal Processing Hardware). By has the general opening wireless structure (OWA, Open Wireless Architecture), compatible many kinds of patterns between many kinds of technical standards seamless cut.5. network security and QoSQoS divides into wireless and the wired side two parts, wireless side's QoS involves theradio resource management and the dispatch, the admission control and the mobility management and so on, the mobility management mainly includes the terminal mobility, individual mobility and service mobility. Wired side's QoS involves based on the IP differ discrimination service and the RSVP end-to-end resources reservation mechanism. Mechanism maps the wireless side IP differ IP the QoS. Network security including network turning on security, core network security, application security, safety mechanism visibility and configurable.In the above modern mobile communication key technologies' foundation, has had the land honeycomb mobile communication, the satellite communication as well as the wireless Internet communication, these mailing address caused the correspondence appearance to have the huge change, used the digital technique the modern wireless communication already to permeate the national economy each domain and people's daily life, for this reason, we needed to care that its trend of development, hoped it developed toward more and more convenient people's life's direction, will let now us have a look at the modern mobile communication the future trend of development.modern mobile communication technological development seven new tendencies :First, mobility management already from terminal management to individual management and intelligent management developmentSecond, network already from synchronized digital circuit to asynchronous digital grouping and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) development;the three, software's developments actuated from the algorithm to the procedure-oriented and face the goal tendency development;the four, information processing have developed from the voice to the data and the image;five, wireless frequency spectrum processing already from narrow band simulation to the narrow band CDMA development;the six, computers have developed from central processing to the distributional server and intellectualized processing;the seven, semiconductor devices have developed from each chip 16,000,000,000,000 /150MHz speed VLSI to 0.5 /350MHz speed VLSI and 2,000,000,000,000,000 /550MHz speed VLSI.Under this tendency's guidance, the mobile service rapid development, it satisfied the people in any time, any place to carry on the correspondence with any individual the desire. The mobile communication realizes in the future the ideal person-to-person communication service way that must be taken. In the information support technology, the market competition and under the demand combined action, the mobile communication technology's development is progresses by leaps and bounds, presents the following several general trends: work service digitization, grouping; 2. networking wide band; working intellectualization; 4.higher frequency band; 5. more effective use frequency; 6.each kind of network tends the fusion. The understanding, grasps these tendencies has the vital practical significance to the mobile communication operator and the equipment manufacturer.二、英文翻译现代移动通信在当今高度信息化的社会，信息和通信已成为现代社会的“命脉”。