高考英语名词考点及练习题

高考英语名词考点及练习题研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、及写作部分等。

单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析，特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。

名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化，名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。

一、对同义词、近义词的考查1、At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。

A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways【答案】D。

【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。

way 意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。

approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。

mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。

method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。

【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。

要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。

二、对相似词的考查2、Always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】B。

【解析】从选项中名词的拼写来看，不但形式相似，都是以tions为后缀，而且instructions 和introductions读音也相似，我们平时如果不注意单词的辨形、辨音，很容易混淆，再加上四个单词的含义也相似，有的考生被弄得晕头转向。

本题要求在辨形的基础上还要知道这几个词的含义：explanation，“解释”;instruction，“说明”;description，“描述”;introduction，“介绍”。

本句的意思是“必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，按量服用”。

答案是B。

三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。

3、______achievement，last week's ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing，grade.A.In terms ofB.In case ofC.As a result ofD.In face of【答案】A。

【解析】语境为：就成绩而言，上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高，尽管还不至于不及格。

B项表“如果”，C项表“因为”，D 项表“面对……”，A项表“关于、至于”，符合题意。

4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______。

A.dateB.shapeC.orderD.balanee【答案】B。

【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。

out of shape意为“变形”;out of date意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”;out ofbalance 意为“失衡”。

【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。

四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。

5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.A.strengthsB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values【答案】A。

【解析】语境为：要使队员表现得更好，教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。

B项表“利益、好处”，不合题意。

而A项除表体力外，还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power 优点、强项，符合语境。

【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典，尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。

同时，加强英语材料的接触，拓展自己的知识面，提高自己的英语水平。

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