上外高级英文写作教程复习整理
上海市考研外国语学复习资料写作技巧与翻译实践方法
上海市考研外国语学复习资料写作技巧与翻译实践方法外语学习一直以来都是考研生备考的重要内容之一，尤其是对于考研外国语专业的学生而言。
在备考阶段，复习资料的选择和写作技巧以及翻译实践方法的掌握都是至关重要的。
本文将为大家分享关于上海市考研外国语学复习资料写作技巧与翻译实践方法的一些建议，希望能对各位考生有所帮助。
一、复习资料的选择1. 教材与辅导书选择适合自己的教材和辅导书是非常重要的。
教材是考研学习的基础，需要选择权威、全面的教材，如《新编大学英语》等。
辅导书则可以选择针对考研外语学科而编写的资料，例如《考研英语一本通》等。
选择合适的教材和辅导书有助于系统地学习知识点，并且能够帮助自己更好地掌握考点。
2. 阅读材料在备考阶段，阅读材料是提高阅读理解能力的重要资源。
可以选择一些经典的英文原著小说、报刊杂志、学术期刊等。
多读一些优秀的阅读材料可以提高自己的阅读速度、理解能力以及语感。
3. 其他资料除了教材、辅导书和阅读材料外，还可以选择一些语法书、词汇书以及历年真题等。
语法书可以加深对英语语法知识的理解，词汇书可以扩充自己的词汇量，而历年真题能够帮助自己了解考试形式和出题方式，进行针对性复习。
二、写作技巧1. 基础知识的掌握写作是外国语考研中的重要环节，首先要掌握好基础知识，包括语法、词汇和句型等。
只有打好基础，才能够进行更高层次的写作。
2. 多写多练写作是需要积累的，多写多练是提高写作水平的关键。
可以选择一些写作题目进行练习，如作文、翻译和写作常用句型等。
多写多练可以帮助自己熟悉写作的形式和结构，提高自己的写作技巧。
3. 注意语言表达的准确性和流畅性在写作过程中，要注意语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
准确性指的是用准确的词汇和句型来表达自己的观点，避免语法错误和用词不当。
流畅性则是指文章的逻辑结构清晰、段落衔接自然，句子之间过渡平滑，使文章通顺流畅。
三、翻译实践方法1. 培养语感翻译是复习外国语重要的环节之一，要想达到熟练的翻译水平，培养语感是必不可少的。
上外版大学英语写作
上外版大学英语写作上外版大学英语写作精选上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(4)UNIT 4TEXTTrying to make some money before entering university， the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview goes from bad to worseMy First JobWhile I was waiting to enter university， I saw advertised in alocal newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short money and wanting to do something useful， I applied， fearing as I did so， that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.However， three days later a letter arrived， asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey： a train to Croydon station； a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter to feel nervous.The school was a red brick house with big windows， The front garden was a gravel square； four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner， where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main from a busy main road.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache， a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval， as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. 'Ah yes，' he grunted. 'You'd better come inside.' The narrow， sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage； the walls were dirty with ink marks； it was all silent. His study， judging by the crumbs on the carpet， was also his dining-room. 'You'd better sit down，' he said， and proceededto ask me a number of questions： what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate； how old I was； what games I played； then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes， he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.The school， he said， consisted of one class of twenty-four boys，ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art， which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park， a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels； and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry-two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket； most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.I said shyly， 'What would my salary be？' 'Twelve pounds a week plus lunch.' Before I could protest， he got to his feet. 'Now'， he said， 'you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school.'This was the last straw. I was very young： the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSbe short ofnot having enough of 缺少smell ofhave， give out the smell of 有的气味judging byforming an opinion based onattach importance to consider important 重视in commonshared with someone else 共有的，共同的'consist ofbe made up ofin turnone after another 轮流上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(5)UNIT 5TEXTSeen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple，modest and ordinary man.The professor and the Yo-yoMy father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home， I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said， "I have something to show you." He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn't make it roll back up the string. When my turn came， I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded， properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later， I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present， and received a poem of thanks.As boy and then as an adult， I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this： to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship， I never saw him show jealousy，vanity， bitterness， anger， resentment， or personal ambition. Heseemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world's most important people， his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth's.To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity，so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream， he said， "The razor and water do the job.""But Professor， why don't you try the cream just once？" I argued. "It makes shaving smoother and less painful."He shrugged. Finally， I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast， he was beaming with the pleasure of a new， great discovery. "You know， that cream really works，" he announced. "It doesn't pull the beard. It feels wonderful." Thereafter， he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldn't walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory， a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance，but he didn't have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy， a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight， trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldn't.The next morning he announced， "I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way" He began aling explanation. Then he stopped， realizing a flaw in his reasoning. "No， I guess that's not it，" he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. "I've had good ideas， and so have other men，" he once said. "But it's been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted." He was bewildered by his fame： people wanted to meet him； strangers stared at him on the street； scientists， statesmen， students， and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention， why he was singled out as something special.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSat easefree from worry or nervousness； comfortableoff balancenot in balance； unsteady 失去平衡的come to terms withaccept （sth. one does not want to accept） and deal with it in the best way one can 与达成协议；与妥协as far asto the degree that 到程度mean nothing tobe of no importance tobelieve inhave confidence in the value ofso much so thatto such an extent thata series ofa number of （thing or events） of the same kind that follow each other 一系列，一连串take apartseparate （a small machine， clock， etc.） into pieces 拆开work outsolve， find the answer to 解决；算出；想出capable ofhaving the ability， power or inclination （to do）single outchoose from a group for special treatment 选出，挑出上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(3)UNIT 3TEXTJefferson died long ago， but may of his ideas still of great interest to us.Lessons from JeffersonThomas Jefferson， the third President of the United States， may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln， but most people remember at last one fact about him： he wrote the Declaration of Independence.Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago， there is muchthat we learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote：Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man， he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject， Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot-observations.You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet， in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order，Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners， servants， and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman， Lafayette， "You must go into the people's homes as I have done， look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this， you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France."Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything，" he wrote to his nephew， "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaved has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it."Jefferson felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false， and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government， I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas， and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism， he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend， "There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and on it with effect， those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."Trust the future； trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. "No society，" he said， "can make a perpetual constitution， or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation." He did not fear new ideas， nor did he fear the future. "How much pain，" he remarked， "has been caused by evils which have never happened！ I expect the best， not the worst. I steer my ship with hope， leaving fear behind."Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert inagriculture， archeology， and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice， and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America， and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.Of all Jefferson's many talents， one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works， now being published for the first time， will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered， and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776， the task ofwriting it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words： "We hold these truths to be self-evident， that all men are created equal"When Jefferson died on July 4， 1826， the 50th anniversary of American independence， he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson，Who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSgo out of one's way （to do sth.）take particular trouble； make a special effort 特地leavetoleave sb. in charge of 交托，委托act onact according to 按照行事leave behindabandon； fall to take or bring 丢弃；留下，忘带in existenceexisting 存在above allmost important of all 首先，尤其是上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(2)UNIT 2TEXTA heated discussion about whether men are braver than women issettled in a rather unexpected way.The Dinner PartyI first heard this tale in India， where is told as if true ——though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story， and the person who wrote it， I have never been able to track down.The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests —— officers and their wives， and a visiting American naturalist —— in their spacious dining room， which has a bare marble floor， open rafters and wideglass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't."A woman's reaction in any crisis，" the major says， "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it， he has that ounce more of controlthan a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts."The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks， he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead， her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen： he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests， none except the American notices this or sees theboy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India， milk in a bowl means only one thing —— bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters —— the likeliest place ——but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty， and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left —— under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others， but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaksquickly， the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone."I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred —— that's five minutes —— and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready？"The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "two hundred and eighty" when， out of the corner of his eye， he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut."You were right， Major！" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.""Just a minute，" the American says， turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes， how did you know that cobra was in the room？"A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies： "Becauseit was crawling across my foot."commotion n. noisy confusion or excitement 混乱；骚动tone n. quality of voice or music 语气；音调commanding a. authoritative 威严的forfeit vt. suffer the loss of （sth.） as a punishment （作为惩罚而）失去rupee n. monetary unit of India， Pakistan， etc. 卢比image n. statue 雕像emerge vi. come or appear （from somewhere）emergence n.slam vt. shut loudly and with force 砰地关上host n. man who receives guests 男主人faint a. weak， indistinct 微弱的；不明显的crawl vi move slowly by pulling the body along the ground 爬行上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(1)UNTH 1TEXTIt is humorous essay. But after reading it you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it.Ts There Life on Earth？There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the plant Earth， and is has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.The satellite was directed into an area know as Manhattan （named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan， who first discovered it with his telescope 20，000 light years ago）。
高考英语(外研版)大一轮复习课件+高考写作必备写作体裁技巧点拨+七、说明文写作
As it’s totally different from the traditional courses, the course is very popular with students,who enjoy it mainly because the course is closely related to everyday life.
3.要点表达 (1)高中学生现在有一门新课程叫做《通用技术》。 Senior high school students are having a new course called General Technology. (2)这门课程已被推荐给所有高二年级的学生,目的是教学生基本的技 术技能,提高他们的设计能力。 The course, which has been introduced to all Senior 2 students,aims to teach students basic technical skills and improve their designing abilities. (3)本课程要求学生安全使用各种常用工具。 The course requires students to use various types of common tools safely.
1.仔细审题:明确说明对象,要主次分明,抓住要说明的事物或事理的主 要特征。
2.选择合理的说明顺序:比如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序,分层次进 行说明,注意条理清晰。
3.选择恰当的说明方法:比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等, 来增加文章的色彩,注意不要遗漏主要内容。
4.语言:既要确切无误,又要通俗浅显。尽可能使说明的内容有趣、生动, 选用典型、新颖的素材,吸引读者。为提高语言表达效果,可适当使用一些结 构比较复杂的表达方式,如定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、强调句及非谓 语动词等。
写作教程课后答案上海外国语教育出版社
写作教程2 课后题答案提示：页码有部分错误，但答案内容正确。
P2 . PART1Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.It is especially helpful in an emergency .It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.You can always be reached when you are needed by others.In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed.You can play games and surf the net through the phone........Disadvantages : It is quite expensiveIts radiation is harmful to healthAnswering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassingMaking or answering calls while driving isdangerousYou can always be reached by your parents or your bossIt may ring at the moment when you least want it toYou may receive calls from strangers or advertising companies and have to pay for them ..........P3. PART2have become increasingly violentis more and more important for young peopleis the kindest neighbour I have ever knownhas a profound effect on our healthP4. 2.too specificBritish English is different from American English in spelling3.This is not a sentence, but a fragmentDifferent countries have different customs4.too general,too emotionalThe local food is tasteless and greasyP7. Approach 1: For one thing, they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too manytime-consuming labs.Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.5. Paragraph 1 : Topic sentence: 第一句无关句：Many people .....to each other. 和And nowadays,....more convenience.Paragraph 2: T S : 第一句无关句：I didn't st night 和I heard that .... own children.（1）First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition(5)In shortP18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course.he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course.he failed to graduate due to the lack of two hours of physical education creditP19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.1. During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,17752) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siegeto Boston .the location of the British headquarters.2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey and Saratoga.3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.1) In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war was fought at Yorktown ,Virginia.P22 . 4: 排序：4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1T S：My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)afterP33. 3. 排序：3614752 Relationship : Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rearP46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause5. Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanternsKeep dancing and singing overnightThrow the food and lanterns into a river or seaWatch the lanterns drifting wayP52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along witha chance for overtime if i want it.2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skip a day now and then,all she asks is thati call her in advance4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime5. The job is seasonal.P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job iever had.Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hardSpecific details:1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy2: The second bad feature of the job was the paySpecific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3: The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.P58 4.Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5. (1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance (4)Even (5)his (6)these (7)contemporaryP59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena2) English teachers are applying different means to teach the English language3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours since early 1900s4)My father has been a generous man to his children P70 5. 排序：213546explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalentcourageous behaviour earthy sexualityP76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesEffect: lack of parking in citiesP78 Cause: the terrorist strikesEffects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky3. The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party(2)had taken the drug of Accutane(3)adolescent depressionEffect : Bart Jr.'s suicide4. 排序：241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causesP88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a testTopic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.Division；1）Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “Zero Hour.”Sample 2 : subject: students in our schoolTopic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports.Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.2) real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game. P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes placeDivision: a) entertainment at homeb) entertainment on campusc) entertainment elsewhere2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles.Division: a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3) T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards youDivision:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate youP94 5: 排序：7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6 Subject: Christmas giftsT S : Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups ,according to their after-Christmas fateDivision: a)those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possibleConcluding S : By New Year's Day, you have either used ,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts6. (1)types (2)Though (3) Finally (4)however(5)Even though (6)Before (7)third (8)If(9)Then (10)theseP106 4.Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subjectP107 5. (1)similar (2)although (3)difference (4)identical (5)again (6)while (7)But (8)difference (9)consistency (10)completelyP114 paragraph B: First statement :The invention of movable type made the mass media possible.Supporting details: Large numbers of people could have access to learning.Second statement :Television brought a second revolution by means of the media .Supporting details: Television made experiences available tomassive numbers of people.Millions could watch a president being sworn in or buried ,a spaceship launched .An Olympic race run ,comedies or talk shows at the same time . Third statement :You ,through the medium of television ,will be a member of a “global villages”.Supporting details ；In the future , this revolution in both information and experiences will spread to the far reaches of the world and even to outer space. Ultimately, you will be able to see and talk instantly to anyone else in the world.General statement : Technology will take a leading role in the media future as it always has in the past.P118 3. The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed pressP119 5 .A : Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2)misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB: TV serials or dramas may oversimplify complex social and psychological problems.(1)enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2)giving a false picture of realityC:Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1)too many commercials(2)an insult even to the intelligence of a moron P120 6.(1)Thus (2)When (3)also (4)however (5)Moreover (6)indeed (7)also (8)Yet (9) and (10)ThusP139 sample 2P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problemsThe future of education lies in the innovation of educational technologyViolence on television has a negative impact on children's view of societyWomen should be given equal opportunities in education and career developmentEfforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourismP147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand (5)also (6)but (7)AlthoughP158 5.排序：8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 106: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as 10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning 14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at lastP173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room (4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side of (7)nap (8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzlingP183 3. T S: If blind people can sense color differences ,then perhaps we, too,are affected by colors unconsciouslyParagraph 1 : (Introduction/thesis statement)Paragraph 2: (Supporting paragraph) Topic:discoveries of manufacturers Examples: sugar,foods and cosmeticsParagraph 3:(Supporting paragraph) Topic: discoveries of experiments Examples: red,blue,yellowParagraph 4: (Conclusion:result of the discoveries)P184 5 . (1)confirmed (2)findings (3)than (4)whereas(5)as (6)if (7)together (8)lead to (9)where (10)adultsP185 6.Purpose:to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileupsTopic 1.1) speeds over 55miles per hour 3) keep two seconds ahead when drivingTopic 2. On highways drivers should use the four-second rule ,not the two second rule 1) The distance needed to stop a car shouldTopic 3.1)over the last half of the stopping distance 2)Some practical examples are given 3)For greater details the reader may refer to the attached table to determine the right time allowed to avoid accidentsP199 4.(1)However (2)open (3)too (4)because (5)as a result (6)Secondly (7)unless (8)even(9)prolong (10)delays (11)benefitsMain proposition: I am not completely satisfied with the family doctor systemMinor propositions: 1. Doctors' office hours are inconvenient2.There are delays in seeing a doctorSolution: 1.to prolong doctors' surgery hours2.for doctors to share patients。
高考英语(外研版)大一轮复习课件+高考写作必备+写作基础技能提升+一、基本句型写作导练
The“Foreign Cultures”section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(形容词作表语)(2015全国Ⅰ) 展览的主题是环境保护。 The theme of the show is environmental protection. (名词作表 语)(2016 全国Ⅱ) 如果我们养成了对我们被告知的东西的真实性产生怀疑的习惯,我们就 可以找到正确的答案并且学到更多。 If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true,we can find the correct answer and learn more.(介词短语作表语)(2015湖北) 该项目的目的是培养我们在英语学习及英语听力和口语实践能力方面的 兴趣。 The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.(不定式作表语) 首先,当人们要求去做他们不想做的事情时会感觉是被迫的。 Firstly,people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to.(过去分词作表语)(2016 江苏 )
5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 在“主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语”的句型中,句中动词仅 跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分——宾语 补足语,来说明宾语,才能使意思完整。可以作宾语补足语成分的有: 名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。 我真诚地希望您与我们共度愉快的时光。 I sincerely wish you a pleasant time with us.(名词作宾语补 足语) 我们将参加今年七月份由你们学校举办的夏令营,这让我们很兴奋。 We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July,which makes us very excited.(形容词作宾语补 足语)(2015天津)
2020上外版新教材高中英语必修一全册重点知识点归纳总结解析
Unit1School Life【词汇和短语】assignment n.(分派的)任务related adj.相关的；有联系的creative adj.创造(性)的；创作的stare v.盯着看；凝视blank adj.空白的sheet n.一张essay n.文章，短文actually adv.事实上，的确fiction n.小说distant adj.遥远的；久远的alien n.外星人；外星生物ignore v.忽视；对……不予理会beg v.恳求；哀求sort n.y种类；类别rather adv.相当，在某种程度上harsh adj.残酷的；严厉的(be)related to相关的；有联系的make sure确保；设法保证science fiction科幻小说(或影片等)hand in提交，上交(尤指书面材料或失物)turn out结果是；证明是；原来是teenager n.d(13至19岁之间的)青少年pressure n.心理压力；紧张v.逼迫；使迫未得已expectation n.希望；盼望comfort n.安慰；慰藉v.安慰；抚慰throughout prep.自始至终adult adj.成年人的n.成年人reflect v.认真思考；深思nasty adj.不友好的；令人不愉快的comment n.议论；评论glance n.匆匆一看；一瞥behaviour n.行为；举止shortage n.不足；缺少genuine adj.真诚的；真心的；可依赖的tempt v.引诱；诱惑forward adv.向前chapter n.(人生或历史的)时期，篇章limitation n.限制；不足之处under pressure承受着(急于完成某事的)压力hold hack妨碍进展tip n.指点；实用的提示regular adj.有规律的；定时的concentrate v.集中(注意力)；聚精会神concern n.(对人、组织等)重要的事情；关心facility n.设施；设备puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的locker n.(体育馆等的)有锁存物柜，寄物柜dustbin n.(常置于房外的)垃圾桶，垃圾箱gymnastics n.体操；体操训练take part in参与某事concentrate on集中(注意力)；聚精会神【词汇重点】1.assignment n.(分派的)任务The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests.这门课程的评估包括各种书面作业和实践测试。
Unit2 Language and Mind Writing高二英语(上外版2020选择性必修二)
3. The Conclusion The conclusion displays / highlights again the writer’s point
hand ...
Guided Writing
Let’s help him complete the argumentative letter.
Last summer, Chen watched a French film and was attracted by the French language and culture. This made him eager to learn French. However, no French course was offered at his school. Chen was disappointed and wondered why English was the only foreign language taught at his school.
As to make our essays more coherent and smooth, we can also use some transitional words or phrases.
Linking words: Firstly... Besides ... Also ... In a.. At the same time ... On the one hand ... , on the other
Step 3
Unit 4 写作技巧之comparison and contrast-高中英语上外版2020必修三
Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） —— whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation—— ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding
paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are
What is the argumentative article made up of ?
Topics or situation Opinions and reasons conclusion
个人观点：It’sno easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me,there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ________.
范文赏析
My View on Studying Abroad
常见句型 表明观点：When it comes to
_________,different people hold different views. 展示观点：Some contend that ________.For
one thing,________.For another,_________.In spite of all these claims,others maintain that _________.They point out that _________.Another instance often cited is that ________.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
上外高级英文写作教程
复习整理
写作填空题
Exposition
On the basis of controlling purpose we traditionally divide all prose into three kinds: narration,
description, and exposition.
Exposition is writing that explains.
If the writer intends to tell us how something looks, to re-create the thing in words, we may call it description. A narrative arranges its material in time. Description most often organizes in space.
Exposition organizes its subject by logic.
We find that paragraphs of exposition contain two different kinds of statements. The first- a general, rather abstract statement- is called the topic sentence.
The expository writer, therefore, uses the common methods of logic and thinking: he develops his material by offering examples as evidence, by comparing and contrasting, by making analogies, by restating, by giving reasons, by classifying and dividing his subject, by showing cause and effect, by defining, by arguing from premise to conclusion.
Definition
Definition is in fact a form of expository writing.
A definition is the effort to distinguish an entity from all other things for the purpose of being able to
recognize it or in some way to understand it.
Methods of definition
1. Analysis. The type consists of placing a word in a large class called the genus and then differentiating the word from other members of that class. This method, as old as Aristotle, results in the dictionary kind of definition.
2. Synthesis. This form of definition relates the thing-to-be-defined to something already familiar to the reader or listener. It often reveals the thing-to-be-defined as part of some larger whole.
3. Negative Definition. Which helps to define a thing by making clear what it is not.
4. Exemplification. Often appearing as an aid to definition by analysis or by synthesis is definition by example.
5. Synonyms. Almost as familiar as definition by example is definition by synonyms.
Types of definition
1. Consensual Definition
2. Stipulative Definition
3. Normative Definition
Judgment
Judgment, requires the writer to look at both sides of an issue, to find out what evidence exists and present it clearly, and finally to draw a conclusion.
In argument persuasion is the main purpose. The writer of argument must perforce take sides, be attorney either for the plaintiff or for the defense. The writer of judgment is more like a referee. He must listen to what can be said both for and against, and then he must decide-as objectively and as intelligently as he can- where the truth lies.
Good judgment writing requires more than facility with words. One must begin by learning what he can about the matter in hand. Secondly, the writer of judgment must present the facts clearly and in coherent order. Finally, since facts alone are often not enough, the writer needs to be able to draw the proper inferences.
Argument
The essence of the argument is reason, and reason may work in two ways: by deduction and by induction. The first argues from general premise to particular conclusion; the second from particular fact to broad conclusion.
Deductive argumentation is usually cast in the form of a logical syllogism. At its simplest a syllogism contains two premises and an inference that necessarily follows from them.
If the major premise and the minor premise are true, the inference, or conclusion
The student who wishes to argue well should consult 1) a good textbook, 2) master at least the rudiments of logic, 3) and train himself to detect the common fallacies.
We may conclude: 1) that it must begin from true premises, 2) that it must derive its conclusions from these premises according to the rules of inference.
Like the syllogism, induction will be fallacious when it fails to observe certain rules, which may be called the laws of evidence.
Evidence must be accurate, relevant and complete.
All evidence must observe these rules; the evidence itself may take different forms. Three are most frequent: common knowledge, specific examples, statistical data.。