高考英语.句子结构详解剖析
高中英语语法——句子成分详解(高考专用)
高中英语语法——句子成分详解句子成分概述英语在其长期发展过程中形成了一种相对固定的句子结构：“主语+谓语”，这与汉语是相似的。
“主语”是句子的话题，是信息传递的出发点；“谓语”是对话题所作的说明，是说话人说要传递的信息。
试观察下列句子：主语谓语I am a Chinese boy.Mary has two best friendsSeeing is believing .To do is harder than to say.We wish you success!从上述例子可以看出，作为句子的话题，主语通常是一些事物性或实体性的词，否则，主语便不能成为句子的话题，不能成为信息传递的出发点。
所以，主语通常是个名词、名词词组、或者相当于名词（词组）的语法结构。
而谓语是对主语所做的说明，它指出主语所表示的事物或概念是或不是什么，有或没有什么，要或不要什么，做了或未作什么等等。
因此，谓语通常是述说性的，他能说明情况，表达意愿，评判美丑，分辨是非。
所以，谓语通常由动词或动词词组来担任，而且谓语部分在结构上通常要比主语长一些或者更复杂一些。
英语句子的谓语是动词性的，这就是说，谓语是以动词为中心的。
而在汉语中，谓语有的是：①动词性的，如：“我去北京。
猫吃老鼠”；但也有：②名词性的，如：“那张桌子四条腿。
今天星期一。
”如果硬说“有三条腿、是星期一”，在汉语中反倒不自然。
可是，倘用英语来表达这些句子，则必须有个动词；在汉语中还有：③形容词性谓语，就是直接拿形容词作谓语，不带任何动词，如：“那孩子聪明。
那件事危险。
”，就用不着动词。
但诸如此类的句子用英语去表达，可千万别忘了动词。
“The boy is clever. That matter is dangerous.”由此可见，在汉语中，名词和形容词都可以独立作谓语，但在英语中却不可以。
下面我们就从主语和谓语入手详细剖析英语的句子成分。
句子成分的定义：组成一个句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。
高中英语高考英语句子结构分析(共35张PPT)
并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在 句中作状语，修饰动词worked)
He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名 词student)
2) 并列句： 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句
exam. 6） I like some of you very much. 7）If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 8）He goes to school by bike. 9）Though he is young, he can do it well.
位置 呢？
6、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副
词或全句用的。
1) I will go there tomorrow.
2) The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 3）The meat went bad because of the hot
weather. 4）He studies hard to learn English well. 5）He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the
高考-英语句子结构详细剖析
高考英语句子结构详细剖析1、In her excitement., she didn’t seem to realize that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.参考译文：由于激动，她似乎没有意识到她在和一个完全陌生的人分享宝宝的照片。
句式分析整体分析：选句为复合句。
1）主句In her excitement , she didn’t seem to realize.其中In her excitement 为状语。
2）that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger为宾语从句，其中with a complete stranger为状语。
重点词汇excitement兴奋，激动; 令人兴奋的事realize实现; 了解，意识到sharing共享; 分配; 均分; 共价complete完整的; 完全的; 完成2、＂Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,＂replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in.参考译文：在询问新父母所在的房间之前，丹尼斯回答道：“好吧，我不了解你们的全部，但我会到那里和孩子合影的。
”句式分析整体分析：选句两部分。
replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in为主句，其中before asking which room the new parents were in为状语。
Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby为引语，可以切分为两部分：I don’t know you all 和but I will get there to take pictures with the baby.重点词汇take pictures照相replied回答，反应（reply的过去式和过去分词）parents双亲（parent的名词复数）3、Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise !参考译文：令全家人惊讶的是，丹尼斯坚持了他的承诺！句式分析本句为简单句，Dennis stuck to his promise为主干，Much to the family’s surprise为状语。
2023高考英语长难句分析之一(结构分析法)测学
2023高考英语长难句分析之一（结构分析法）测学一、找出下列句子的主干★1.Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme(1pm to 4pm)（2023.01浙江阅读A）2.And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.（2023.01浙江阅读C）3.At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants' children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.二、分析句子结构★★1.Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.(2022,全国新高考Ⅰ，阅读B)2.My purpose here is to give a rough outline of what’s going on inside ChatGPT—and then to explore why it is that it cando so well in producing what we might consider to be meaningful text.二、单句填空★★★1.In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数）across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.（2021.1 浙江卷语法填空）2.On our map,each category______(represent)by a different color and the states are then shaded(加深）depending on their classification into different categories.3.Modern goldfish are a super-species of carp（（（（that were selectively bread to achieve the specific color, pattern and body style______(consider) the most desirable.4.People kept experimenting on the breeding until the modern goldfish, as we know it in its many forms, ______(become)our popular pet fish around 1000 years ago.四、语法填空(2023.01,浙江语法填空改编）★★★During China's dynastic period, emperors ____1___(plan) the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”,originally____2___（mean）“water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3(surround) in concentric( 同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4(permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often featured beautifully carved and ___5___(paint)roof beams and pillars( 柱子). The hutongs they formed ____6___(be) orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simple r in design and ____7___(decorate), and the hutongs were narrower.Hutongs represent ____8____ important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing's long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, __ 9____ some are even associated with historic events. In contrast ___10____ the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.。
高考英语句子结构详解剖析--
高考英语-句子结构详解剖析1、Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.[结构分析]否定副词nowhere放在句首，所以句子出现部分倒装。
注意：more 与否定词nowhere一起使用，相当于最高级。
dramatize此处的意思是“突出显示，使…戏剧化”。
[参考译文]1980年美国的人口普查数据表明，没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能突出显示美国人想寻找更广阔的生存空间。
2、With regard to Futurist poetry，however，the case is rather difficult，for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.[结构分析]本句的主干是the case is rather difficult，for... it can hardly be classed as Literature，前面的however表示本句与前一句形成对比，句首的介词结构With regard to Futurist poetry作状语，其中with regard to的意思是“关于…”；for... it can hardly be classed as Literature是一个并列分句，表示原因，主干是it can hardly be classed as Literature；for后面的从句whatever Futurist poetry may be表示让步，作状语；破折号之间的部分even admitting that...也是让步状语，其中that 引导一个宾语从句that the theory... may be right，而从句的主语theory后又带有定语从句on which it is based。
高考英语句子结构详细剖析
高考英语句子结构详细剖析1、You will read more efficiently if you keep in mind the purpose for your reading and then read in a way that will best help you to achieve this purpose.【句式翻译】如果你记住阅读的目的，并且以帮你实现该目的的最佳方式阅读，那么你的阅读将更加有效。
【句式分析】该复合句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，而该条件句中又包含有两个谓语动词keep in mind…和read in a way…。
in a way后有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句来修饰先行词way，that在其中作主语，不可省。
【词语点拨】keep …in mind 记住；牢记You should keep in mind what I have said.我刚才说过的你要记住。
【语法点拨】当先行词是way时，后面的定语从句引导词在从句中做状语，可以是in which、that、省略三种形式；如果引导词在从句中做主语或宾语，则可以由which或that充当，并且做宾语时可以省略。
如：I don't like the way (in which/ that) you speak to your parents.我不喜欢你跟你爸妈说话的方式。
Can you show me the way (which/ that) you used in your new task?你能把你在你新任务当中用过的方法告诉我吗？2、As readers, we know that this sentence is not really true but it represents the opinions of all mothers who have daughters to marry.【句式翻译】作为读者，我们知道这句话并不完全真实，但是它却代表着所有有女儿要出嫁的母亲们的观点。
高考英语-句子结构详解剖析
高考英语-句子结构详解剖析1、While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.核心词汇详解：modest [ˈmɒdɪst]a. 谦虚的；适中的elevate [ˈelɪveɪt]v. 举起；提高、提升elevator n. 电梯elevated a. 升高的；高尚的capture [ˈkæptʃə(r)]vt. 捕获、获得、抓捕短语：put pen to paper 下笔、动笔句子解析：句首为while引导的让步状语从句，其中还嵌套着一个由when引导的时间状语从句。
逗号后副词even起强调作用，表示出乎意料；since then为全句的时间状语，then（那时）指代之前让步状语从句中的时间20世纪60年代。
参考译文：在20世纪60年代以前，即使是受过一般教育的人在下笔前也会寻求高雅的语调，但自那以后，即使是被广泛认可的文章也开始使用口头英语。
2、Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.核心词汇详解：method [ˈmeθəd]n. 方法attempt [ə'tɛmpt]v. 尝试、试图attempt to do sth 尝试做某事estimate [ˈestɪmət]v. 估计actual [ˈæktʃuəl]a. 真实的、实际的biomass [ˈbaɪəʊmæs]n. 生物数量amount [ə'maʊnt]n. 数量、总量v. 总计species [ˈspi:ʃi:z]n. 物种、种类particular [pəˈtɪkjʊlə(r)]a. 特别的、详细的in particular 特别、尤其ocean [ˈəʊʃn]n. 海洋短语：but rather 而是over time 随着时间推移句子解析：谓语do not attempt to estimate后有两个并列宾语，分别是the actual biomass和changes，介词短语of fish species和in that biomass为后置定语修饰这两个宾语；介词短语in particular parts of the ocean和副词over time做后置定语修饰其前的fish species和changes in that biomass，分别表示地点和时间。
高考英语句子结构分析
高考英语句子结构分析高考英语中，句子结构的正确运用是考生获取高分的关键。
在句子结构的掌握上，考生需要了解不同类型的句子结构以及它们的特点和用法。
本文将针对高考英语句子结构进行详细分析，帮助考生提升句子结构运用的能力。
一、简单句结构简单句是由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子，主要用于表达一个完整的含义。
这种句子结构较为简单，但也需要注意谓语动词的时态、语态和句子的主、谓一致性等要点。
例如：- I go to school every day.（我每天去学校。
）- The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。
）二、并列句结构并列句是由两个或多个主句并列连接而成的句子，主句之间用连词（如and、but、or）连接。
并列句结构可以让句子的表达更加丰富多样，需要考生注意句子之间的逻辑关系。
例如：- I like playing basketball, and my brother likes playing football.（我喜欢打篮球，而我弟弟喜欢踢足球。
）- You can go shopping or stay at home.（你可以去购物，或者待在家里。
）三、复合句结构复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或副词性从句。
复合句结构的运用需要注意主从句之间的引导词、时态一致以及句子的逻辑关系。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句中充当名词的角色，可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句引导词有that、whether、if、who、what等。
例如：- Whether we should go camping depends on the weather.（我们是否去露营取决于天气。
）- What you said is very interesting.（你说的话很有趣。
）2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰先行词，通常用关系代词（who、whom、which、that）或关系副词（where、when、why）引导。
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高考英语-句子结构详解剖析1．This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before．[句式分析][翻译] 这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。
2．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project．[句式分析] 这是一个倒装句。
only后接after引导的状语从句放于句首，主句用部分倒装句式，即把助动词was提到了主语she的前面。
[翻译] 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
3．For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat．[句式分析][翻译] 比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。
4．She has achieved everything she wanted to do：working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can．[句式分析] 句子主干是she has achieved everything; she wanted to do是省略关系词that的定语从句；and连接的动名词短语workingwith ．．．gaining ．．．and showing ．．．作everything的同位语；其中that women can live in the forest as men can 为宾语从句。
[翻译] 她已经做到了她想做的一切：在动物的栖息地工作，获得博士学位，向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。
5、Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed tonew customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.【句子切分】Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, // people everywhere are feeling new wants //and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, // while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations // for the reasons given above.【结构分析】1）主干框架结构是：Owing to...（原因状语）, people（主语）are feeling new wants and are being... (主句1), while governments are often forced to... （主句2）2.）while是个关连词，表示对比关系，汉语意思是"而"。
3）第一个主句中有两个现在进行时的并列谓语are feeling... and are being exposed..4）第二个主句的谓语是被动语态be forced to。
5）for the reasons given above是第二个主句的原因状语。
【语言点】owing to 因为，由于；mass-communications 大众通讯；people everywhere 所有的人，各地的人；new wants 新的需求(要求，需要)；being exposed to 接触到，感受到；customs and ideas 习俗和思想；introduce 推出，采取，施行；innovations 革新，革新措施；for the reasons given above 由于上述原因【译文】由于大众通讯的显著发展，所有的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。
6、Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."重点词汇define...as 把...定义为whole 整体切分句子：句子主干Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole." 其中which后是定语成分，acquired by man as a member of society是过去分词作定语，修饰前面的所有名词。
译文：泰勒把文化定义成“...一个复杂的整体，它包括了作为社会的成员的人所获得的信念、艺术、道德、法律、习俗和其他的任何能力和习惯。
”7、The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.重点词汇strikingly ['straikiŋli]ad.明显的，显著的fabricate['fæbrikeit]v.制作,捏造,虚构accuse [ə'kju:z] v.指责，控告scholar ['skɔlə] n.学者【具体分析】1）主句是The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia （这些新近被描述的语言与经过充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言是如此显著地不同）。
2）后面跟that从句that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. （以至于一些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了资料）。
3）so…that…是一种典型的结果状语从句。
译文：这些新近被描述的各种语言与经过充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言是如此显著地不同，以至于一些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了资料。
8、Not far off the coast of Guam lies the deepest point on Earth's surface, the Mariana trench.结构分析：全句只有1个谓语动词：lies。
本句是完全倒装结构，按照正常语序应该是：The deepest point on Earth's surface, the Mariana trench, lies not far off the coast of Guam. 此处的倒装一方面可以避免出现句子“头重脚轻”的问题，另一方面可以起到强调的作用。
翻译：在距离关岛海岸的不远处存在着地球表面的最低点——马里亚纳海沟。
9、If Mount Everest were flipped upside down into it, there would still be more than 2km of clear water between the mountain's base and the top of the ocean.结构分析：全句有两个谓语动词：were flipped，would still be。
本句运用了虚拟语气，因为根据句意，不可能真的把埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰）倒置到海里面，所以只能是一个假设的说法，此处的would即表示不可能发生的情况。
翻译：如果把珠穆朗玛峰倒置在里面，山峰底部和海面之间仍存在超过2km厚的清水。
10、Since these nutrients, having once flowed into a trench, never make their way out again, Dr Jamieson found the notion that trenches have somehow remained untouched by human activities questionable.结构分析：全句共有3个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为found。
(having once flowed into a trench)是插入结构，分隔了Since引导的原因状语从句的主语和谓语，作nutrients的后置定语。
that引导的同位语从句起到对notion补充说明的作用。
本句可拆分为：①Dr Jamieson found the notion questionable.（主句）②Since these nutrients never make their way out again.（原因状语从句）③Trenches have somehow remained untouched by human activities.（同位语从句）翻译：因为这些曾经流入海沟的营养物质再也没能出去，使得杰米森博士发现，海沟未曾被人类活动破坏这一见解是站不住脚的。
11、He suspected that long-lived pollutants such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls (which were once used widely in electrical equipment) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(employed in the past as flameretardants) might have made their way into the bodies of organisms living in trenches.结构分析：全句共有3个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为suspected。