2019秋季八年级期中测试题

2019秋季八年级期中测试题
2019秋季八年级期中测试题

2019年秋季学期八年级生物科期中检测试题

题号一选择题二判断题三填空、识图分析题总分

得分

一、选择题:(选择一个最佳答案,将其序号填在表格内,每小题2分,共50分)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1.水螅常常可以捕到与自己身体差不多大小的猎物,这主要依靠()A.刺细胞 B.触手 C.口沟 D.口

2. 腔肠动物身体内有几个腔?相当于我们身体的哪一个腔()

A.1个;腹腔 B.2个;口腔和消化道腔 C.1个;消化道腔 D.1个;胸腔

3. 生活在水中、沟渠和湖泊中,以动物血液为食的环节动物是()

A. 蚊子

B. 血吸虫

C. 水蛭

D. 沙蚕

4.海蜇、绦虫、水蛭、牡蛎、虾分别属于哪种动物类群()

①腔肠动物②扁形动物③环节动物④软体动物⑤节肢动物

A. ①②③④⑤

B. ③④⑤②①

C. ③⑤④①②

D. ①④②③⑤

5. 某同学给蚯蚓的体表涂上了一层凡士林油膏(该物质不透气),结果蚯蚓将会()

A. 运动变慢

B. 运动变快

C. 不动

D. 死亡

6. 下列动物与其对应结构不相匹配的是()

A. 蛔虫﹣角质层

B. 蚯蚓﹣皮肤

C. 河蚌﹣外壳

D. 蜘蛛﹣外骨骼7.蚯蚓的生存环境是是()

A.潮湿、疏松、植物稀少的土壤 B.潮湿、疏松、富含有机物的土壤

C.潮湿、疏松、富含氧气的土壤 D.疏松的土壤

8. 根据所学知识,你认为珍珠是由河蚌的哪一结构形成的()

A. 贝壳

B. 珍珠质

C. 外套膜

D. 珍珠层

9. 蝗虫气体进出的通道是()

A. 气门

B. 肺

C. 气管

D. 口器10. 下列关于动物特征的叙述全部正确的一组是()

①蛔虫消化能力强②蝗虫有外骨骼③蜗牛有贝壳④蚯蚓身体由相似的环形体节构成

⑤家兔没有犬齿⑥青蛙只用皮肤呼吸⑦家鸽用气囊进行气体交换⑧水螅有口有肛门

A. ①②③⑧

B. ②③⑤⑥

C. ②③④⑦

D. ②③④⑤

11. 自然界有很多“鱼”,从科学角度分析娃娃鱼、鲸、金鱼、鳄鱼分别属于()

A. 两栖类、鱼类、鱼类、爬行类

B. 两栖类、哺乳类、鱼类、鱼类

C. 鱼类、鱼类、鱼类、爬行类

D. 两栖类、哺乳类、鱼类、爬行类

12. 青蛙的成体不能长时间地潜伏在水中,主要原因是()

A. 鳃的结构不如鱼的完整

B. 主要是用肺进行呼吸

C. 受精过程不需要在水中完成

D. 在水中难以捕到食物

13. 蜥蜴只靠肺的呼吸作用就能满足整个身体对氧气的需要,这主要是因为()

A.皮肤干燥且粗糙,表面覆盖角质细鳞 B.不进行剧烈活动,需氧量少

C.大气中氧气充足,能满足肺的气体交换 D.肺泡数目多,氧气与二氧化碳交换能力强

14. 有关鸟类适于空中飞行生活特点的叙述中,正确的是()

A. 体表覆羽,前肢变成翼

B. 气体交换的部位是肺和气囊

C. 胸肌发达能有力地扇动两翼

D. 食量小,有利于减轻体重

15. 具有气囊是鸟类的一大特征.鸟类气囊不具有的作用是()

A. 减轻身体的比重

B. 气体交换

C. 散发多余的热量

D. 储存空气16.家鸽呼吸时,空气进入肺内的途径是()

A. 空气→气囊→肺

B. 空气→肺 气囊

C. 空气→肺→气囊

D. 空气→气囊 肺

17. 胎生相对于其他生殖方式的优势在于()

A. 提高了后代的成活率

B. 使后代的数量大大增加

C. 增强了后代的体质

D. 减轻母体负担

18. 下列几组动物中,属于恒温动物的是()

A.猫头鹰、扬子鳄、鲸 B.家兔、丹顶鹤、猎豹

C.白熊、蛇、袋鼠 D.金丝猴、鳄鱼、大熊猫

19.兔能对外界环境的变化作出反应,主要是因为()

A. 具有发达的大脑和神经

B. 具有较大的耳朵

C. 视觉敏锐

D. 嗅觉发达

20. 当你从桌上端起茶杯喝水时,此时骨骼肌的活动情况是()

A. 肱三头肌收缩,肱二头肌舒张

B. 肱二头肌收缩,肱三头肌舒张

生物(第4页共4页)

C. 肱二头肌收缩,肱三头肌舒张

D. 肱三头肌收缩,肱二头肌舒张

21. 狗外出时走很远也不会忘记回家的路,这是由于它出去时走不远就要撒尿,其目的是()

A. 生理活动的需要

B. 留下气味做“记号”

C. 与其他的狗沟通信息

D. 吸引异性的狗前来

22. 具有社会行为的一组动物是()

①蚂蚁②野牛③绵羊④蜜蜂⑤黑猩猩

A.①②③ B. ②③④ C. ③④⑤ D. ①④⑤

23. 下列现象中,不属于动物行为的是()

A. 天鹅的季节性迁徙

B. 丹顶鹤翩翩起舞

C. 家兔的心脏有节律的跳动

D. 大马哈鱼作季节性洄游

24. 生物之间错综复杂的联系,生物与环境成为统一的整体,是由于()的存在。

A. 物质流和信息流

B. 物质流、信息流、能量流

C. 能量流和信息流

D. 物质流和能量流

25.蚁群中的工蚁整天忙忙碌碌搬运食物的行为属于()

A.后天性的防御行为和贮食行为 B.后天性的社会行为和贮食行为

C.先天性的防御行为和贮食行为 D.先天性的社会行为和贮食行为

二、判断题:正确的请在()里写√;错误的请在()里写×。每题1分,共10分。

1. 青蛙即能在水中生活,又能在陆地生活,所以是两栖动物。()

2. 动物运动一定需要肌肉和关节。()

3. 动物的运动只靠运动系统就能完成。()

4. 肌肉的肌腱不可以附着在同一块骨上。()

5. 关节软骨可以减少运动时两骨间关节的磨擦和缓冲运动时的震动。()

6. 鸟类之所以能够保持体温恒定,是由于羽毛的保温作用。()

7. 陆地生活的动物普遍具有发达的感觉器官和神经系统。()

8. 因为一窝蜜蜂中蜜蜂的数目很多,所以人们说蜜蜂是营群体生活的昆虫。()

9. 猴群体中最占优势的“首领”雄猴,能够起到指挥和保卫群体的作用。()

10. 蚂蚁的触角互相碰撞,是两只蚂蚁在争斗。()

三、填空、识图分析题(每空1分,共40分)。

1. 家兔适于吃植物性食物的特点是:适于切断植物纤维,适于磨碎食物。2.哺乳动物具有发达的运动能力,有利于、、争夺和

,以适应复杂多变的环境。

3.动物越高等,学习能力,学习行为。

4.右图是生活在水中或潮湿环境中的无脊椎动物,请分析回答问题:

(1) A是涡虫,身体呈,背腹扁平,有口无肛门。

B是水螅,身体呈,体表有,有口无肛门

(2)C是蚯蚓,属于无脊椎动物中的动物。D是蛔

虫,属于线形动物,身体细长,呈圆柱形,体表有,有口有肛门。E是河蚌,属于软体动物,壳内身体表面包裹。

5.右图是鲫鱼的外部形态图,请你根据图示回答下列问题:

(1)鲫鱼靠掌握前进的方向;靠和提

供前进的动力,还需要的协调作用。

(2)鲫鱼是近视眼,它在水中依靠感知水流和测定方向。

(3)鲫鱼在水中游泳时口在不停地张合,这是鱼在。在市场上买鱼,如果鳃的颜色是,则是新鲜的鱼,这是由于鳃里面内密布大量的,所以适于在此处进行。

(4)如果在鱼口的前方滴一些蓝墨水,你会观察到蓝墨水流入的方向是由流入鱼的呼吸器官,最后再由流出排出体外。

6.右图是家鸽的呼吸系统示意图,请据图回答:

(1)从图中可以看出气囊直接与相通。气囊分布在器官之

间。家鸽吸气时,气体流动的方向是(用箭头和代号表示)。

(2)家鸽在飞行时需要大量氧气,其特有的呼吸方式是,从生理上说,气囊的扩张与收缩依赖于家鸽两翼的上下。

7. 右图是关节的结构示意图,请据图回答:

(1)运动时减少两骨之间摩擦的是;运动时若不小心用力过猛,常会造

成从中脱落出来,这种现象叫。

(2)关节在运动中既灵活又牢固,与其牢固性有关的是及其周围的韧带。

当某人患关节炎时,关节肿痛,医生用针管从关节腔中抽出浑浊的滑液,这是的分泌功能异常引起的。

(3)骨的运动要靠牵拉,当它受到传来的刺激收缩时,就会牵动着骨绕着活动,在运动中起动力作用。

生物(第3页共4页)生物(第4页共4页)

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