论英语中的独立主格结构

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聚焦英语中的独立主格结构

聚焦英语中的独立主格结构

聚焦英语中的独立主格结构独立主格结构,又叫独立结构(absolute construction)。

它在句法上游离于句子主体之外,跟主句没有任何句法联系;但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,共同构成一个完整的语义环境。

独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构。

独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。

如:The teacher came in,book in hand.= Book in hand,the teacher came in.独立主格结构分为四个类型:1 独立分词结构;2 独立不定式结构;3 独立无动词结构;4 with复合结构。

分述如下:一、独立分词结构独立分词结构的构成是:“主格词+分词”。

主格词可以是代词、名词和名词词组;分词可以是过去分词和现在分词的各种时态和语态。

如:1 She being my close friend,I should have helped her.她是我的好朋友,我应该帮助她。

在独立主格结构中,分词的逻辑主语必须是主格词,不能用其宾格词。

She不能换为 her。

分词的逻辑主语(即主格词)和主句的主语不能表示同一概念,例1中的she和I不是同一个人;下面例2中的spring和the fields也不是同一概念。

独立分词结构的句法功能是在句中作状语,相当于分词短语,表示谓语动词的时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状况。

如:2 Spring coming,the fields are full of life.春天来了,田野里充满生机。

(时间)3.Professor Wang being ill,the lecture was put off.因为王教授生病,报告被推迟了。

(原因)4.More time given,we should have done it much better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做得更好。

独立主格

独立主格

独立主格结构的用法说明与注意点一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。

它有以下三个特点:1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构的常见形式1.名词(代词)+现在分词The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后,我们就回家了。

We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好,我们就进行比赛。

The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。

2.名词(代词)+过去分词The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。

More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。

3.名词(代词)+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来,我们将把会议推迟到下周。

So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。

4. 名词(代词)+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。

英语独立主格结构

英语独立主格结构

独立主格结构:独立主格结构,又叫独立结构(absolute construction).它在句法上游离与句子主体之外,跟主句没有任何语法联系;但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。

独立主格结构没有主语和位于,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。

独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号上与主句隔开。

一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为俩部分,一部分事名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。

1)名词/代词+形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤,内心充满担忧。

He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下,门开着,他默默地站在那。

2)名词/代词+现在分词Winter coming ,it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。

The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了,他出去散散步。

3)名词/代词+过去分词More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间,我们会做的更好。

The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里,右手高举。

4)名词/代词(主格)+不定式Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.这是前俩卷,第三卷将于下雨问世。

英语的独立主格结构

英语的独立主格结构

英语的独立主格结构一、啥是独立主格结构呢?简单来说,独立主格结构就像是句子里的一个小“帮派”,它有自己的“老大”(逻辑主语)和“小弟”(其他成分),但又和整个大句子有点若即若离的关系。

比如说,“Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic.”(天气允许的话,我们就去野餐。

)这里的“Weather permitting”就是独立主格结构。

“Weather”就是那个“老大”,也就是逻辑主语,“permitting”呢,就像是跟着“老大”混的“小弟”,表示一种动作或者状态。

这个小结构自己能表达一个完整的小意思,同时又给整个大句子提供了一种条件或者附加的信息。

二、独立主格结构的组成部分。

1. 逻辑主语 + 非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)现在分词形式:“The girl sitting there, I started to talk to her.”(那个女孩坐在那儿,我开始和她说话。

)这里的“The girl sitting there”是独立主格结构,“girl”是逻辑主语,“sitting”是现在分词,表示主动的动作。

过去分词形式:“His work finished, he went home happily.”(他的工作完成了,他开心地回家了。

)“His work”是逻辑主语,“finished”是过去分词,表示被动的状态,工作是被完成的嘛。

不定式形式(这种比较少见哦):“A lot of work to do, I have to stay at home this weekend.”(有很多工作要做,这个周末我得待在家里。

)“A lot of work”是逻辑主语,“to do”是不定式,表示将要去做的动作。

2. 逻辑主语 + 形容词/副词/名词/介词短语。

形容词形式:“He came into the room, his face red.”(他走进房间,脸红红的。

(完整版)独立主格结构

(完整版)独立主格结构

1 英语中的独立主格结构 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。With( without) 的复合结构可看作是独立主格结构的一种形式。 一、独立主格结构的特点 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 4) 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词 二、独立主格结构的构成: 名词普通格或代词主格 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。 1.名词(或代词) + 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。 He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 注意:现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。 The weather(being)fine, we decided to go on an outing. 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略, 一是在“There being + 名词”结构中, There being no bus, we had to walk home. 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 2.名词(或代词) + 不定式(短语) 不定式表示将来的动作。 He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 3.名词(或代词) + 过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。 The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 4.名词(或代词) + 形容词(短语) 形容词(短语)在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态 The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while. He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 5.名词(或代词) + 副词 副词在独立主格结构中也多是说明名词或代词的状态。 The meeting over, we all went home. School over, we all went home. 6.名词(或代词) + 介词短语 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. He left the office, tears in eyes. 注意:在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里,当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分。但with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如:The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.

英语语法 独立主格

英语语法 独立主格


My health allowing, I will work far into the night. (现
在分词) 我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。(条件)

The test finished, we’ll have our summer vocation. 考试结束以后,我们将开始暑假了。(时间) More time given, we can finish the work. 如果给我们更多的时间,我们就能完成这项 工作(条件)
天空黑云密布,很快就要下雨。
1. ________ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were 2. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 3. ______, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 4. ; we had to put the meeting off. A. Because the manager was ill B. The manager being ill C. The manager was ill D. Being ill
A. Time permits C. Time permitting

英语独立主格结构

英语独立主格结构

英语独立主格结构独立主格结构:独立主格结构,又叫独立结构(absolute construction).它在句法上游离与句子主体之外,跟主句没有任何语法联系;但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。

独立主格结构没有主语和位于,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。

独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号上与主句隔开。

一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为俩部分,一部分事名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。

1)名词/代词+形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤,内心充满担忧。

He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下,门开着,他默默地站在那。

2)名词/代词+现在分词Winter coming ,it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。

The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了,他出去散散步。

3)名词/代词+过去分词More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间,我们会做的更好。

The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里,右手高举。

4)名词/代词(主格)+不定式Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.这是前俩卷,第三卷将于下雨问世。

英语独立主格结构

英语独立主格结构

独立主格结构一、概念:有时一个名词/代词+ 一个其他结构,在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句或并列句,人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构.二、独立主格的结构:n/pron + doing River rising,they had to left for safety.to do Much work to do,they had to work for extra hours.done All the work done,they went for lunch.adj.He entered the room,his nose red with cold.adv.He was lying in bed,light on.Prepositional phrase He walked in,cane in hand.在这种结构中,n/pron.在逻辑上是后一部分的主语,后一部分相当于谓语或表语.这种结构在句子中只能作状语,三、独立主格在句中通常充当以下状语成分:1、伴随状语(方式状语):相当于一个并列句.He was watching TV,his mouth half open.He fell to the ground,blood coming down his nose.The policeman entered the dark room,gun in hand.The old man sat down,his face pale with pain.2、时间状语:相当于一个时间状语从句.Meeting over,everyone tried to do something for the project.Spring coming,the flowers are coming out.The problem settled,everyone was filled with joy.3、原因状语:相当于一个原因状语从句.John (being) away,Tom had to do the work on his own.It being dark,they had to walk with the torches on.There being no bus,they had no choice but to take a taxi.4、条件状语:相当于一个条件状语从句.Weather permitting,we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.Enough time given,we’ll do the job better.注:有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with,构成with +复合宾语结构.如:With the problem settled,the computer restarted.With the old man leading,we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.He left the bathroom,with the water running.He rushed out with a knife in his hand.此句可改写为He rushed out ,a knife in his hand.或He rushed out,knife in hand.但是,“with + 复合宾语”结构也可以用作定语.如:Soon they found themselves walking in a valley with high mountains around it.He lives in a village with a railway behind it.Harry Potter is a boy with a scar on his forehead.。

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论英语中的独立主格结构
何清富
一:引言
独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)在句子中作状语,对主句补充说明。

有自己的逻辑主语,表达相对独立的意思,独立主格的实质是带有自己主语的非限定性分句和无动词分句,通常是以主句的一定成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句,但并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分句。

二:类型
独立主格结构按照结构形式可以分为①名词/代词+不定式②名词/代词+v-ing分词③名词/代词+v-ed分词④名词/代词+介词短语(也称为无动词独立结构⑤名词/代词+adj./adv.⑥名词/代词+n./num.
1.The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to
his friend’s.(不定式表示将来)
2.There being nothing else to do, we left.(现在分词表示正进行的动作或者状
态)
3.Everything taken into account, they ought to have another chance.(过去分词
表示已经发生的动作,逻辑主语和分词间为动宾关系)
4. Gun in hand, he went off.( 名词/代词+介词短语)
5.Its door open, she stood silent in the noon sunlight.(名词/代词+adj.)
6.The meeting over, we left the meeting room.( 名词/代词+adv.)
7.Smith has two children, son ten, daughter eight. (名词/代词+num.)
三:用法和意义
1.表时间:The shower over, we continued to march.
2.表原因:Her right leg broken, she could not move.
3.表条件:Weather permitting, we will go climbing.
4.表方式:He sat at the table, head down.
5.表伴随:Without anyone noticing, I slipped through the window.
四:位置
独立主格结构的位置不仅灵活(句首,句中,句末),而且可以用逗号或破折号与主句隔开,如果有几个独立结构,把概括意义的放在句末。

1. Being a teacher, I am happy.(句首)
2. He stood in the doorway, her wet cloak dripping water on the rug,and waited
for some sign of recognition.(句中)
3. I followed him here, knif in hand.(句末)
4.The profesor was slammed against the wall, his body frisked, his wrists
handcuffed, his dignity lost.(几个独立结构的情况)
五:注意事项
独立主格前均可加上with,构成with引导的介词复合结构,with本身无意义,但使表达更口语化。

如:Don’t sleep with the windows open.
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
He fell asllep with the candle burning.
其次,在无动词独立主格结构中,逻辑主语与介词中的名词如果都是单数可数名词时,名词前冠词要省略。

另外,做主语的名词词组有时还可以省
略限定词。

六:结语:
独立主格常见于正式语体,尤其是文学体裁,在口语中较罕见。

在文学语言和正式文体中,可以使句子结构紧凑,用词精炼,生动,形象,具体,是文学语言常用修辞方法。

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