翻译技巧-3

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汉英翻译技巧第3章 汉语词语的翻译

汉英翻译技巧第3章 汉语词语的翻译
“Fair, fair,” cry the ospreys On the island in the river. Lovely is this noble lady, Fit bride for our lord. … The farm-hand once asked him: “Please, sir, what are you reading this book for? You’re not going to sit for a higher civil service examination, are you?” The scholar stroked his beardless chin and grinned: “Well, you know the joys of life, don’t you? There’s a saying that the greatest joy of life is either to spend the first night in the nuptial chamber or to pass a civil service examination. As for me, I’ve already experienced both. But now there’s still greater blessing in store for me.”
A Hired Wife
by Rou Shi
“So you’ve been seduced by the witch!” she would cry. “You should take good care of your old carcase.” The young woman overheard these abusive remarks time and again. After that, whenever she saw the scholar return home, she always tried to avoid him if his wife was not present. But even in the presence of his wife, the young woman considered it necessary to keep herself in the background. She had to do all this naturally so that it would not be noticed by outsiders, for otherwise the wife would get angry and blame her for purposely discrediting her in public. As time went on, the scholar’s wife even made the young woman do the work of a maid-servant. Once the young woman decided to wash the elderly woman’s clothes.

翻译方法3

翻译方法3

译文
1. 为热烈欢迎专家,准备工作 工作已经做好。 工作 2. 在我们的合同中还存在着种种 种种尖锐的 种种 问题。 3. 最近,美国人一直不断地 一直不断地从城市向郊 一直不断地 区迁移。 4. 他的傲慢态度 态度使谁也不喜欢他。 态度
5. 他们谈到通货膨胀、失业、环境污染 等问题。 等问题 6. 这样,他在身心两方面 两方面都成长起来了。 两方面 7. 他两手蒙着脸,一屁股 一屁股坐了下去。 一屁股 8. 他吃点东西 东西,喝点酒,因为他疲惫不 东西 酒 堪了。
9. 直到今天母亲还坚持说, 她当时 当时以为 当时 我只是开开玩笑罢了。 10. 斯蒂芬看起来比他实际的年龄要老一 些,因为他曾经历过很艰苦的生活。 曾 过 11. 这也纯粹是一派胡言。 派 12. 你最好在下午以前瞧一下我的上衣, 下 看是否要熨一下。
(2)根据句法上的需要进行增 词
1. 增补原文回答句中的省略部分 Rebecca: “What! Don’t you love him?” Amelia: “Yes, of course, I do.” 丽贝卡:“怎么?你不爱他?” 艾米丽:“我当然爱他 爱他。” 爱他
2. 增补原文中省略的动词 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人 使人机智,写作使人 使人准确。 使人 使人 We don’t retreat. We never have and never will. 我们不后退,我们从没有后退过 后退过,将来也绝不 后退过 后退。 后退
翻译常用技巧
1.增词法
增词法就是在翻译时按意义上、修辞上 和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通 顺地表达原文的思想内容。

翻译技巧3_增译法

翻译技巧3_增译法


1. Like most wildlife,deer reproduce,grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. 与大多数野生动物一样,鹿在营养丰富、食物 充足的夏秋两季,繁殖、生长储存脂肪。
1. 4 增加副词

有些动词根据原文的上下文可以增加适当的副 词,以确切表示原意。 1)As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了,滔滔不绝地讲个没完。


2)The crowds mmplification

1.1 增加动词 1.2 增加名词 1.3 增加概括词 1.4 增加副词 1.5 增加量词 1.6 增加表达复数的词 1.7 增加表达时态的词
1. 1 增加动词
根据意义上的需要,可在名词前后
增加动词使其意思明确,通顺自然。 例: concert→听音乐会; match→观看比赛; party→参加聚会; speech→发表讲话; funeral→出席葬礼,等等。



1. Lexical Amplification(从词汇上考虑的增 词) 2. Syntactical Amplification (从句法结构上 考虑的增词) 3. Cultural Amplification (从文化上考虑的增 词) 4. Rhetorical Amplification (从修辞上考虑)

② He is a complicated man---moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人——喜怒无常,反复 多变,有些忧郁寡欢。

翻译技巧3--词序调整法-分译和译--被动语态翻译

翻译技巧3--词序调整法-分译和译--被动语态翻译

Exercise 1. He treats his sick wife poorly. 他待他有病的妻子不好。 2. Appearances are deceptive. 3.His refusal is not final. 外貌是靠不住的。
他的拒绝并非不可改变。
翻译技巧3: 翻译技ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ :词序的调整
英汉两种语言中主要成分的语序大体一致, 皆遵循“主语+谓语+宾语(或表语)的规则。 但由于表达习惯和排列规则上存在种种差异, 两种语言在词序方面还有许多不同之处,这 就要求在英汉翻译中对词序加以必要的调整 或改变,以便使译文更加通顺、自然。下面 着重探讨英汉翻译中需要调整词序的几种情 况:定语、壮语、插入语、倒装结构、平行 成分。
并列成分的词序调整 英语中并列成分的词序一般按照逻辑上的轻重、前后、 因果或部分-整体的顺序安排,而汉语通常将较大、较 强、较突出的成分前置。
elementary and secondary schools 中小学 heal the wounded and rescue the dying 救死扶伤 food, clothing, shelter and transportation 衣食住行
I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man. 我读过你的文章,但没料想你这样年轻。
1、肯定译作否定 I regret to learn that you have failed in the examination. 得知你未能通过考试,深表遗憾。 She missed the point of his joke. 她没有听懂他讲的笑话。 On Sunday Jim idles away his time. 星期天吉姆无所事事。 You may safely say so. 你这样说错不了。

翻译技巧3 增词

翻译技巧3 增词

Adding verbs
• •




e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and flowers. — 没有发表讲话,没有各国外交官到场,也没有 “中国群众”挥舞纸旗和花束的场面。 e.g. After the banquets, the concerts, and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. — 参加完宴会,出席过音乐会,观看了乒乓球表演 赛之后,他还得起草最后公报。 e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview. — 我今天上午的确很忙,要上两节课,开一个会, 还要接受一个采访。
Adding words which indicate the textual / social context





e.g. In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. 如只照原文译出“四月份,全世界听到乒的一 声;七月里,这乒声乓了一下。”读者肯定不 知所云。根据中美建交的背景知识,把这段外 交史话译为: — 四月里,全世界听到中国乒的一声把球打 了出去;到了七月,美国乓的一声把球打了回 来。 e.g. Mao and Zhou learned that Nixon had the desire for a visit. — 毛泽东和周恩来获悉尼克松有访华的念头。

英汉互译技巧 3

英汉互译技巧 3
Water with salt conducts electricity very well. 盐水的导电性能良好。
英汉句式翻译—转换法(英→ 汉)
2. 成分转换 c. 宾语 主语或谓语
➢Light beams can carry more information than radio signals because light has a much higher frequency than radio waves.
英汉词汇翻译—转换法(英→ 汉)
1. 词类转换 a. 名词 副词
➢The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
➢ 新市长礼貌性地前来看望城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好 感。
➢ 据说,他当选总统后不久,他的顾问们就建议降低税收, 扩大政府开支。
➢Steven was eloquent and elegant, but soft. ➢ 史蒂夫有口才、有风度,但很软弱。 ➢All peace-loving people demand the complete
prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. ➢ 一切爱好和平的人都要求全面禁止核武器,彻底销毁核
➢ 各国社会制度的不同,不应妨碍彼此接近和相互合作。 ➢The application of electronic computers makes for a
tremendous rise in labor productivity. ➢ 使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。
英汉词汇翻译—转换法(英→ 汉)

文言文翻译技巧三篇

文言文翻译技巧三篇

[译文]将军擒曹操,应该在今天。
5. 用适当的词语换古文中的虚数。
例15. 知己知彼,百战不殆。《谋攻》
[译文]知道自己和敌军的实际情况,打多少次仗也不会失败。
四. 补
1. 名词活用为动词,就应补出相应成分。
例16. 苟入狱,不问罪之有无,必械手足。《狱中杂记》
[译文]即使不被斩首,去边地戍守而死的至少有十分之六七。
五. 删
1. 删去偏义复词中做为陪衬的词。
例22. 便可白公姥,及时相遣归。《孔雀东南飞》
[译文]你可以告诉婆婆,尽早地把我休回娘家。
2. 删去同义连用的实词或虚词中的一个词,少量的关联词语、结构助词(包括发语词、“之”、“是”等)。
直译就是字字落实。即:原文字字在译文中有着落,译文字字在原文中有根据。直译时主要应运用替、扩、留、补、删、调六字法。
例如:原句: 十年 春, 齐 师 伐 我。
│ │ │ │ │ │
译句:鲁庄公十年 春天,齐国的 军队 攻打 我们鲁国
①替:替换。就是用现代词语替换古代词语。如上文例句中的伐译为攻打,师译为军队 。
[译文]但从古以来的地图、文书,都没有记载。
2. 用现代汉。《桃花源记》
[译文]村中听说有这样一个人,都来问讯。
例11. 时墨者东郭先生将北适中山以干仕。《中山狼传》
[译文]这时,墨家学派东郭先生往北到中山国去求官。
例23. 山有小口,仿佛若有光。《桃花源记》
[译文]山上有一个小口,里面好像有光亮。
例24. 吾既已言之王矣。《公输》
[译文]我已经对楚王说过了。
此外,为保证译文准确,翻译时还要根据上下文语境甚至其它外围信息(出处、标题、注解)进行推断和印证,译完后还要将译文与原文仔细核对,以免出错。

09英汉翻译-3翻译技巧-转换词类精简版

09英汉翻译-3翻译技巧-转换词类精简版
还是进去一下吧,他想,看看有没有什么人 留言;也看看有没有什么人打过电话。
英语中加后缀-er, -or 的名词,在句中并不表身份和职业,而 是含有较强的动作意义,往往可译为动词。
But as he (Abraham Lincoln) grew older he studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was a good speaker and student of political philosophy.
保护某些稀有动物的生存问题,进来已引起了世 界范围的广泛注意。
They taught us the value of a dollar, took us to church, made us mind.
他们教导我们要珍惜每一块美元,带我们上教堂做 礼拜,还教导我们要听话。
The pace felt comfortable, so I decided to stay where I was; why bother concentrating on pace when she was such a nice pacesetter for me?
With unemployment high, the dollar low and the stork market in distress, the economy will be the President’s sternest trial.
昨日,由四川外语学院和联合某网站举办的 “2011Chinglish(中式英语)大发现”活动颁奖典礼 在川外举行,参加活动的上百名大学生共找出200多 处“洋茬”,这些“洋茬”主要集中在公共场所、景 区和服务机构三大区域。
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Conversion of Parts of Speech(2)词性转换法(2)在英汉翻译实践中,尽管其他词性转换不如转换为动词那样普遍,但也是一种解决翻译问题的有效手段。

下面介绍一些在英汉翻译过程中其他常见的词性转换情况。

2.转换为汉语的名词(1)动词转换为名词由名词词根派生的动词,或由名词转用的动词,其词义用汉语中的动词直接表达往往比较困难,通常转译为汉语中的名词。

如:例1:What characterizes his work is a lack of attention to detail.译文:他工作的特点是不注重细节。

例2:To those small children, their teachers personified absolute power.译文:对这些小孩子来说,他们的老师就是绝对权威的化身。

例3:All the people concerned would be motivated to work together.译文:所有相关人员都会受到鼓励,一起工作。

例4:His wife has done everything to mother him.译文:他妻子竭尽全力,象母亲一样照顾他。

例5:The reform aims at increasing the work efficiency of the whole department.译文:这次改革的目的是提高整个部门的工作效率。

有一些动词尽管不是名词派生或转化而来,但在翻译过程中为了表达自然通顺也可以转换为名词,如:例6:He objected that the plan is not practical.译文:他反对的理由是这项计划不切实际。

例7:A young man, who looked and talked like a student, attracted my attention.译文:一个言谈举止都像学生的年轻人引起了我的注意。

(2)形容词转换为名词英语中用定冠词“the”加上某些形容词来表示一类人或事物。

这样的形容词通常要转译为汉语中的名词。

如:例8:They tried their best to help the sick and the wounded.译文:他们尽最大的努力帮助病人和伤员。

例9:All the countries, whether rich or poor, should pay more attention to environmental protection.译文:不论是穷国还是富国,都应该更加注意保护环境。

例10:Under certain conditions, the harmful can be transformed into the beneficial. 译文:在特定的条件下,坏事可以变成好事。

另外,一些由名词派生的形容词在翻译过程中也常可转译为汉语中的名词,例如:例11:Official Moscow is going to object to this proposal.译文:莫斯科官方准备反对这项提议。

例12:In fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.译文:在核裂变过程中,裂变碎片的放射性很强。

有一些形容词在具体的上下文语境中难以直接译为汉语中的形容词,也可以考虑转译为汉语中的名词。

如:例13:He was elegant and eloquent, but soft.译文:他有风度,有口才,但是很软弱。

例14:This new machine is much more efficient than the old one.译文:这台新机器的效率比旧的要高得多。

例15:This room is 7 meters long, 5 meters wide and 3 meters high.译文:这房间的长度是7米,宽度是5米,高度是3米。

(3)副词转换为名词一些由名词派生的副词在翻译的过程中经常转译为名词,如:例16:The figure of deaths was officially announced two days later.译文:两天后官方宣布了死亡的人数。

例17:He is physically weak but mentally sound.译文:他身体虽弱,但心智健全。

例18:Leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future, not wedded to the past.译文:领导者在感情上和理智上都是面向未来的,而不是沉溺于过去。

3.转换成汉语的形容词(1)名词转换为形容词通常转译为形容词的名词,大多是由形容词词根派生的名词,如:例19:The security and warmth of this room are wonderful.译文:这个房间既安全又暖和,非常好。

例20:I found great difficulty in solving this problem.译文:我发现这个问题很难解决。

例21:We are fully aware of the necessity in introducing new schemes.译文:我们清楚地认识到,引进新的机制是十分必要的。

例22:The performance was quite a success.译文:演出非常成功。

例23:I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.译文:我认识到,通过中间人跟他们打交道是很愚蠢的。

有些情况下,为了使译文自然通顺,也可以灵活地把英语中其他名词转译为汉语的形容词。

例如:例24:They said my story was a yawn.译文:他们说我讲的故事很乏味。

例25:He is a perfect stranger in the city.译文:他对这座城市完全陌生。

例26:That fellow is a typical fool.译文:那个家伙笨得出奇。

(2)副词转换为形容词在翻译的过程中,若副词所修饰的动词或形容词转译成名词,则相应的副词也就要转译成形容词,如:例27:I was deeply impressed by their hospitality.译文:他们的热情好客给我留下了深刻的印象。

动词“impre ss”转译为汉语中的名词“印象”时,修饰“impress”的副词“deeply”也就相应转译成汉语的形容词“深刻的”。

类似的例子还有:例28:The flood was closely related to the heavy rain in the upper reaches of the river. 译文:洪水与河流上游的大雨有密切的关系。

例29:It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic.译文:已经证实,气体具有理想的弹性。

4. 转换为汉语的副词(1)形容词转换为副词形容词所修饰的名词如果转译为动词则形容词要相应转译为副词。

如:例30:He whispered a hurried goodbye to his mother.译文:他匆匆地跟母亲小声道别。

例31:They can speak good English.译文:他们英语讲得很好。

例32:The electronic dictionary is a fairly recent development.译文:电子词典是最近才发展起来的。

(2) 名词转换为副词因汉语的某一些固定表达习惯,英语的名词有些情况下要转译为相应的汉语的副词,如:例33:It's my honor to inform you that you have won the first prize.译文:我很荣幸地通知您荣获了一等奖。

例34:The United States was unhappy with the slowness of Japan to advance free trade. 译文:美国对日本缓慢地推进自由贸易感到不满。

词性转译是翻译实践中一种非常有效的技巧。

尽管对一些常见的词性转译进行了分类,但实际上词性的转换非常灵活。

具体转译为什么词,一定要视上下文而定。

我们应当确立一个观念,即词的翻译是灵活的,不要受到词类的太多限制。

但无论转译为何种类型的词都应当遵守翻译的最基本原则:一方面要忠实于原文的意思,另一方面要表达流畅自然,符合汉语的习惯。

Exercises:1.将下列句子译成汉语,并注意划线词的词性转换:(1) Formality has always characterized their relationship.(2) Our age is witnessing a profound political change.(3) He was efficient in his work.(4) Everyday experience shows us that heavy objects are more stable than light ones.(5) The paper said editorially that such behavior is against the spirit of the Central Committee of our Party.(6) The image must be dimensionally correct.(7) They believe in the correctness of the key.(8) This new device is chiefly featured by its convenience of operation.(9) "Yes", he said, with a slow nod or two.(10) I had the fortune to meet the president.2.将下列短文译为汉语:The year 2002 sees that the start of one of the most exciting missions in almost half a century of space exploration, as the 2001 Mars Odyssey space probe begins it first journey to uncover the secrets of Mars.The 2001 Mars Odyssey is not the first probe to visit Mars. Since 1964 the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has sent several probes to orbit and land on the planet, and all have made significant observations. However, it is hoped that 2001 Mars Odyssey will make the most thorough exploration yet, possibly ever marking our first ever discovery of extraterrestrial life.The Mars Odyssey mission began on April 7, 2001. Because Earth and Mars have verydifferent orbits around the Sun, the timing of the launch was crucial, and was carefully planned to take place at the moment when the journey between the two planets would be at its shortest. In January 2002, three months after going into orbit around Mars, the Odyssey embarked on its ultimate mission---- a three-year-program to search for life. The name "2001 Mars Odyssey" is a tribute to science fiction author, Arthur Clark, and his most celebrated work 2001: A Space Odyssey, a story of contact with extraterrestrial intelligence.1.(1) 他们之间的关系有一个特点,就是非常拘于礼节。

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