第二节 气、血、津液(双语)

B. pectoral qi
（宗气）
It is accumulated in chest. Pectoral qi performs two main functions. One is traveling through the respiratory tract to promote respiration and the sufficiency or insufficiency of pectoral qi influences the conditions of the voice、speech or breath and so on. The other is running through the heart-meridians to promote the circulation of qi and blood.
D. Controlling Action of Qi （固摄功能）
a: Keeping the blood flowing within the vessels to prevent it from extravasating without reason. b: Controlling and regulating the secretion and excretion of sweat, urine, sperm, saliva, gastrointestinal juices, etc , to maintain a relative balance of water metabolism. c: Firming the internal organs in their normal positions without prolapse.
A. Promoting Action of Qi（推动功能）
Qi, as a sort of refined substance full of vigour, plays a promoting and activating role in the growth and development of the human body, the physiological activities of the zang-fu organs and meridians, the production and circulation of blood, as well as the production, distribution and excretion of body fluid.
congenital qi
（先天之精气）
cereal essence
（水谷之精气）
fresh air inhaled from the natural world
（自然界之清气）
primordial qi ( 元气)
nutritive qi ( 营气)
pectoral qi 宗气)
defensive qi (卫气)
Function
E. Action of Qi Transformation（气化功能）
Qi transformation may be defined as various kinds of changes brought about by the movement of qi. Concretely speaking, it refers to the respective metabolism of essence, qi, blood and body fluid and their reciprocal transformation.
All these processes are all the specific manifestations of the action of qi transformation. To put it briefly, qi transformation is actually the process in which the substances in the body are metabolized and intertransformed.
Function
C. Defending Action of Qi （防御功能）
Qi has defending function to defend the body surface against the exogenous pathogens and to combat with the invaded exogenous pathogens to drive them out of the body.
Distribution and function
（分布与功能）
C. nutritive qi
（营气）
Nutritive qi is the qi that circulates together with blood in the vessels. It originates from the pure part of cereal essence transformed by the spleen and stomach and bears responsibility for the blood production and the nutrition of the whole body.
ascending descending exiting entering
（升） （降） （出） （入）
Movement（运动）
For example,the lung governs respiration, exhaling pertains to exiting, inhaling to entering; and The ascending, descending, exiting and dispersing pertains to entering ascending, of to descending. The spleen qi are mainly embodied in the lowering physiological activities of sends the clear upward and the the zang-fu organs, meridians and other processes of stomach passes the turbid downward.
metabolism.
So all kinds of physiological activities in the human body, essentially, are reflected in the four movements of qi.
Types（分类）
Qi in the human body
A. primordial qi
（元气）
It is the primary motive force of life activities. Primordial qi derives from the congenital essence stored in the kidney, and depends on the acquired essence regenerated by the spleen and stomach.
Formation（生成）
congenital qi
（先天之精气）
fresh air inhaled from the natural world
（自然界的清气）
cereal essence
（水谷之精气）
kidneys
lung
spleen
Qi in the human body
Function（功能）
B. Warming Action of Qi（温煦功能）
Whether man's body temperature is normal or not depends on the warming action of qi. Only through the warming action of qi can all zang-fu organs，meridians and other structures perform their normal functional activities, and can such liquid substances as blood and body fluid circulate normally.
Qi, Blood and Body fluid
气、血和津液
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
气
彭 丹 凤
第 二 节 一
Part one qi
QI（气）


Concept（概念） Formation（生成） Function（功能） Movement（运动） Types（分类）
discharged from the body.
Movement（运动）
A. Concept of “qi ji” ： The Movement of Qi is known as “qi ji”
气机的概念：气的运动称为气机
B. Qi has four basic movement forms:
D. defensive qi
（卫气）
Defensive qi runs outside the blood vessels. It has the following functions: protecting the body surface against exogenous pathogens, controlling the opening and closing of the pores, adjusting the excretion of sweat, warming and nourishing the zang-fu organs, muscles and the skin with hairs, etc, maintaining a relatively constant body temperature.