英语被动语态总结
英语被动语态总结
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1)am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2)has /have been done 现在完成时
All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're
ready to start.
3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时
A new cinema is being built here．
4)was/were done 一般过去时
I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5)had been done 过去完成时
By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed
in Beijing.
6)was/were being done 过去进行时
A meeting was being held when I was there.
7)shall/will be done 一般将来时
Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8)should/would be done 过去将来时
The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）
The project will have been completed before July.
10)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）
He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构
中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变
为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was
given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被
动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was
caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear,
feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式
to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger
was seen to walk into the building.
5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副
词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能
分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省
by 短语)。
My bike was stolen last night.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）
三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that…据报道……
It is be lieved that…大家相信……
It is hoped that…大家希望……
It is well known that…众所周知……
It is thought that…大家认为……
It is suggested that…据建议……
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，
read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place,
break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
3.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound,
taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1.在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被
动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动
词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，
又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，
与I是主谓关系。)试比较：
I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主
语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
5.在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形
式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6.在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主
动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁lost time不明确。）
7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。
然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
1.“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control
（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。
The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2.“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：
beyond belief (令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope．我们的成功始料不及。
The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高
于……”。
His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．
4.“for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出
售), for rent（出租）等。
That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5.“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print
（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。
The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
高中英语被动语态的语法整理
2007-02-16 16:17提问者悬赏：20分|匿名|分类：外语学习|浏览18487次
寒假作业,语法书上实在太笼统,谢谢帮忙!!!
2007-02-16 16:22网友采纳
被动语态英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。今天我们着重讲被动语态。
1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
2. 构成：be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)（+by+动作执行者）（过去分词的概念见上课）
3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不即物动词，但put out是及物动词
4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下：
①一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended （by me）.
②进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.
③完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如：My homework has been finished.
④其他时态依词类推，可得到结果。
⑤情态动词的被动语态：主语+ 情态动词+ be动词+ 动词过去分词，例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥不定式的被动语态：to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。）
Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况
①有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to 加上，这类动词有hear, watch, make, help, let等，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
②含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。
④有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。
⑥当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep
our word.
⑨某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.
⑩表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
?某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
?某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等
1．被动语态的构成由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。
如：My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。）The door is open．（门开了。）
2．主动语态改被动语态的方法1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．
（或An apple was given to the boy．）Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被
动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：History is made by the people．?The people make history．
4．不能用于被动语态的情况1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost，suffer，last （持续）等不能用于被动语态。如：They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。How much ／What does it cost？这值多少钱？Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：They arrived at a decision．?A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at．）He looked into the question．?The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如：The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well，easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如：Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。You're looking very unhappy?what's the matter？你看来很不高兴???怎么回事儿？The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。6）宾语是不定式或动词的或-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如：Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她。Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如：They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活。The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了个甜美的梦。9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。
5．某些动词的主动形式表被动含义英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean，drive，draw，let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外，像owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如：This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机不太畅销。The shop opens at eight o'clock．这个商店八点开门。The pipe does not draw well．这烟斗不太通畅。These plays act wonderfully．这些剧演得好。Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
如：The door won't lock．门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）The door won't be locked．门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）His novels sell easily．他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好）His novels are sold easily．他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）
6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如：The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一读。Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个计划不值得考虑。3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义a．当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如：Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学）The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读）b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如：I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）c．在there be．．．句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如：There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做。There are some clothes to wash （to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。4）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如：His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油画作品明天下午展出。5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如：How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。在主动语态中,使让动词(make,have,let)和感官动词(see, look,watch,notice,listen,hear,feel,find)后必省略to,但在被动语态中必须加上to
例:在教室里我们听见他唱了这首歌
we heard him sing this song in the classroom.
he was heard to sing this song by us in the classroom.
【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Louis Cha (金庸) passed away. As for his achievement, there is such a comment, “He ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature with his written works translated into English.” A．could have been rewarded B．must have been rewarded C．should be rewarded D．need have been rewarded 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：金庸去世了，至于他的成就，有这样的评论：他本能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的著作。A. could have been rewarded本可以被授予；B. must have been rewarded一定被授予；C. should be rewarded应该被授予；D. need have been rewarded本必要被授予。根据语境，A选项正确。 【点睛】 could have done可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能”，也可以表示对过去动作的推测，常可译为“可能（已经)”。本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖，但却没有获得的惋惜。故A选项正确。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，意为“解决”。elect选举；develop 发展；contain 包含，控制。故选B。 4．—Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow? —Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher. A．was sent B．has been sent C．had been sent D．would be sent
(英语)高考英语被动语态练习题及答案
（英语）高考英语被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。 【名师点拨】 quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。https://www.360docs.net/doc/334050105.html,rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishing B．astonished；astonishing C．astonishment；astonished D．astonish；astonishment 【答案】C 【解析】
(完整word版)高中英语被动语态讲解及习题
被动语态 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 注意：区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构 be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。被动语态,动作的对象是主语；当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1, 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。 The glass is broken.(系表结构) The glass was broken by the boy. (被动语态) 2 ，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态 The magazine is published in Shanghai.。(被动语态) The door is locked. (系表结构) The door has already/just been locked. (被动语态) The shop is opened. (系表结构) The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday. (被动语态) 3 ，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。 三、被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. This book was published in 1981. 2 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 This book was written by him. Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 All the people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are made by them in the factory. 五、含有情态动词的被动语态
英语语法：被动语态的用法
英语语法：被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分 词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建 一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动 词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自 行车。
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done
英语被动语态总结
英语被动语态总结与练习 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 A new cinema is being built here． 4) was/were done 一般过去时I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）The project will have been completed before July. 10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
高中英语语法课被动语态教学反思
高中英语语法课被动语态教学反思 人教版高中英语必修二第二单元开始出现了被动语态，在本单元的语法被动语态授课中，我围绕被动语态这条主线，本着以学生为主体的角度来设计教学内容,活动的设计前后相连,层层深入，使教学呈阶梯式层层推进,并积极采用现代化的教学手段——运用多媒体辅助教学,提高教学效率。在各项活动中，学生的大脑始终处于一种激活状态，整个学习过程都是积极主动的，学生获得的不仅仅是现成的知识，还有语言运用的能力，并在完成任务过程中体验成功的喜悦，获得成就感，实现自我价值。学生在本节课中不但明白了英语动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态，而且掌握了被动语态的结构，并做到了主动与被动的互相转换，这正是教学目的的所在。课前让同学们在愉快柔和的歌曲声中轻松进入了本节学习，上课后首先展示了教学目标，同学们明白了本节的学习任务。整节课我精神饱满，情绪高涨，自然激励了学生们浓厚的学习兴趣。授课过程中始终贯穿一个主线——被动语态，层次清晰，脉络清楚且层层深入，学生活动量大，思维敏捷，充分体现了学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。尤其是练习与巩固任务中体现了以点带面，使得同学们即复习了学过的知识，又巩固了本节的新知识。 总之，整节课气氛活跃，师生情绪激昂，重点突出，实实在在，非常适合农村孩子的口味。本节课是一堂语法课，本来枯燥无味，但我利用多媒体教学手段使得本节课生动有趣，圆满完成了教学任务，
达到了预期效果，是非常成功的一节语法新授课。 但也有不足之处，学生活动范围小；课堂上使用的语言文字较多。今后，我要不断的提高自身素质，多和同学们沟通,发挥学生的聪明和智慧,总结出通俗易懂的规则运用到自己的教学当中,课堂上让学生全员参与，尽量使用课堂用语，不断反思自己教学中的不足,更新观念,与新课程共同成长。
初中英语语法：被动语态
初中英语语法：被动语态 概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成； 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化； 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？ 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。
被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步： 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变 为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .
【英语】高三英语被动语态试题经典及解析
【英语】高三英语被动语态试题经典及解析 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Various efforts ________ in the past decades to protect the environment. A．had made B．have made C．were made D．have been made 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，为保护环境做出了各种努力。根据in the past decades可知句子用现在完成时态，efforts是句子主语，复数形式，和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以此处用现在完成时态的被动语态，故答案为D。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．Many subway stations, including the one near our school, ________ at present for a better transport in the city. A．are constructing B．are being constructed C．is constructing D．is being constructed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：许多地铁站，包括我们学校附近的地铁站，目前正在建设中，以便有更便利的交通。此处表示动作正在进行，句中主语Many subway stations和动词construct是被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动，与主语一致，故选B. 【点睛】 现在进行时的被动结构：be + being+过去分词 A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad.一批东风卡车正被运往国外。 1）“be being done” 中的动词be应随主语作相应的变化。 2）将现在进行时的主动语态变为现在进行时的被动语态的关键是：把be doing变为be being done. 例1. The students are cleaning the classroom now. →The classroom is being cleaned now. 现在学生们正在打扫教室。 (are cleaning变为is being cleaned) 例2. The boy is counting some sheep. →Some sheep are being counte d. 那男孩正在数羊。 (is counting 变为 are being counted)
高一英语被动语态
高一专题系列一被动语态 ●学而时习 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 ●知识点精讲透析 ●考点一主动语态“变性”被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： (1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。 (2) 将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。 (3) 将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。如： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。 They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them. 他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： (1) 主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，除非强调原主语。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。 Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。→ The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。 (2) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. (3) 含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上to。 I heard Emily sing the song just now. → Emily was heard to sing the song just now. 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。 (4) 含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。 (5) 双重被动结构: 当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者时，要用双重被动结构。如： Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. The children are often asked to do too much homework. Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children.
英语语法被动语态归纳总结
英语语法被动语态归纳总结 一、单项选择被动语态 Don't worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.1．was being repaidBAwill be repaid ．．was repaidDChas been repaid ．．A【答案】【解析】later in life意为在以后的生活试题解析：考查时态辨析。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语that you do nownow在句中，可以判断为将来时态，此处要注意的是不要被前文的混淆，the hard work的定语成分，与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。句意：不要担中充当A。心，你现在付出的努力在以后一定会有所回报。故选考点：考查时态辨析。 2 A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the ．bird flu virus.had been confirmedconfirmed BA．．have confirmedDCwas confirmed ．．C【答案】【解析】2014H7N9年，当时，一名女性被确诊感病毒的报告发生在试题分析：句意：一例人感染was reported in 2014Confirm可知，是过去的事情，先行染了禽流感。证实，确认，根据confirmwoman2014BD是动宾关系，即她、与词是，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除；C。是被确诊的，故选考点：考查时态与被动语态 3()The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of 江苏四校第四次考试．the missing________shortly.have been publishedBAwill be published ．．are publishedChad been published D．．A【答案】【解析】shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来考查时态。时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。A答案： The affairs of each country should be by its own people.4．settledAelected B．．containedCdeveloped D．．B【答案】． settle，【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选Bcontain electdevelop “”。选举；。意为包含，控制。故选解决发展； Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?—5．Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.—has been sentwas sent BA．．would be senthad been sent DC．．B【答案】——Peterson——很【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗？ZimbabweUncle Peterson被派到去做志愿教师了。由语境可知，可惜他已经被派到Zimbabwe这是发生在过去的事情，这个动作对现在产生了影响，故该空应用现在完成时Bhesend选项正确。和之间是被动关系，故该句要用被动语态。综上，态。且主语 6The singer's music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four ．weeks ago.has viewedBAviewed ．．has been viewedCwas viewed D．．D【答案】【解析】B. was viewedA. viewed过去式的被试题分析：考查动词时态与语态辨析。，一般过去式；D. has been viewedC. has viewed，现在完成式的被动语态。句意：，现在完成式；动语态；9百自从四个星期前这位歌手的音乐视频被放在互联网上，这个视频的访问量达到了将近music videosincehas done 是被从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时万次。形式，又因D。访问的，故要用被动语态。故选考点：考查动词时态与语态辨析。 7Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth ．_________very well.had been told; washedBAhas been told; washes ．．had been told; was washedDCwas told; was washed ．．B【答案】【解析】考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时，而从句时态发生在主句之前，即过去的过去，feel, smell, look, wash等表示感官的动词不用被动语态，直接用主动语故用过去完成时。像: washed随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布，因为有人告态，结合前面时态可知，应选。句意B。诉她那种布很好洗。故选
高中英语被动语态专项练习---有答案
被动语态专项练习 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( ) a new library _____ in our school last year A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( ) far, the moon ____ by man already. ? A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( ) talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( ) many trees ____ this year A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( ) lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( ) ___ this kind of computers______ --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( ) _____ this book _____ A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( ) story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( ) monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( ) school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( ) people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( ) teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两 ．．．．．．．．． 个方面噢 ．．．．) 's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
高考英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
高考英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Please don’t stand up in class until you ______. A．were told to B．are told C．are told to D．were told 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查省略句。句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。故C选项正确。 【点睛】 to代替不定式 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try，tell等动词连用。 注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。 本句还原为：Please don’t stand u p in class until you are told to stand up。省略句为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。故C选项正确。 2． A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus. A．confirmed B．had been confirmed C．was confirmed D．have confirmed 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。Confirm证实，确认，根据was reported in 2014可知，是过去的事情，先行词是2014，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman与confirm是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选C。 考点：考查时态与被动语态 3．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front________to arrive. A．will be expected B．is expecting C．expects D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继
英语语法：被动语态
语法专题复习：动词的被动语态( Passive Voice ) 【Teaching goals】 1.了解五大时态的被动语态结构并掌握其用法。 2.掌握被动语态中特殊的一些表达形式。 3.学会总结所接触语言材料中的规律。 【Teaching Important Points】 了解英语各时态的被动语态及一些特殊表达形式。 【使用说明】 课前认真阅读复习指导用书相关内容并完成自主学习部分的练习。 【自主学习】 Task 1 英语动词分为两种语态：主动语态( active voice)和被动语态( passive voice )。______________表示主语是动作的执行者；___________________表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tell whether the following sentences use active voice or passive voice. 1. English is spoken by many people. ( ) 2. Children often sing the song together. ( ) 3. They will take their daughter to hospital tomorrow. ( ) 4. Our classroom must be cleaned every day. ( ) 5. He was laughed at by all the people. ( ) 6. I borrowed this book from the library last week. ( ) Task 2 被动语态由________________________构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。以write 为例说明被动语态在以下时态中的构成：
英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．More than one worker ______ dismissed. A．have been B．are C．has been D．has 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查主谓一致和语态。句意：不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由"many a,more than one ＋单数名词"构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，故排除A和B，“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。 2．________sco res of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】 因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。句意为：——你有没有听说那起校车事故？——嗯，幸运的是，车上所有的人包括司机都获救了。由题干中的Have you heard...可知，事故发生在过去，且all 为主语，和save逻辑上构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案A符合语境。 4．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。